EFOMM–PS–2012–OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

• PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE-PS-2012.

❑ ESTRUTURA DA PROVA:

• 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO:

❑ TRADUÇÃO – EXTRACT 1:

Japan's shipyards remain intact after quake

Os estaleiros navais japoneses permanecem intactos após o terramoto

Japan's major shipyards escaped the full impact of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of the country with full force.

Os principais estaleiros navais do Japão escaparam ao impacto total do terramoto e do tsunami de 11 de março que atingiram com toda força a costa nordeste do país.

• "MAJOR SHIPYARDS" – principais estaleiros navais.
• "FULL IMPACT" – impacto total, pleno impacto.
• "THE NORTHEASTERN COAST OF THE COUNTRY" – a costa nordeste do país.
• "STRUCK WITH FULL FORCE" – atingiram com toda força.

An official at the Japan Ship Exporters’ Association said the devastating natural disaster “will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”.

Um funcionário da Associação de Exportadores de Navios do Japão afirmou que o desastre natural devastador"não terá qualquer impacto nas futuras encomendas de navios de exportação".

• "THE DEVASTATING NATURAL DISASTER" – atingiram com toda força.
• "WILL HAVE NO IMPACT" – não terá nenhum impacto.
• "ON FUTURE EXPORT SHIP ORDERS" – nas futuras encomendas de navios de exportação.

Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said.

Embora vários pequenos estaleiros nas áreas atingidas pelo terramoto tenham sido afetados, os principais estaleiros japoneses que constroem grandes navios para exportação estão concentrados no oeste do Japão e permanecem intactos, disse o funcionário.

• "ALTHOUGH SEVERAL" – Embora vários.
• "SMALL SHIPYARDS" – pequenos estaleiros.
• "IN THE QUAKE-HIT AREAS" – nas áreas atingidas pelo terramoto.
• "MAJOR JAPANESE SHIPYARDS" – os principais estaleiros japoneses.
• "IN WESTERN JAPAN" – no oeste do Japão.
• "REMAIN INTACT" – permanecem intactos.

Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding sustained “slight material damages” in the company’s Kasai Center and Chiba Works but did not consider such slight damages would cause serious impact on operations.

"Leves danos materiais"contínuos da Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding no Centro Kasai e nas obras de Chiba, mas não se considerou que tais danos leves pudessem causar impacto grave nas operações.

• "SUSTAINED 'SLIGHT MATERIAL DAMAGES'" – Leves danos materiais"contínuos.
• "SUSTAINED" é adjetivo e não verbo.(Cambridge Dictionary).

“The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries.

"O horário rotativo das quedas de energia devido ao terramoto pode afetar o funcionamento das nossas fábricas e filiais.

• "THE ROTATIONAL SCHEDULE" – O horário rotativo.
• "INTERRUPTION OF POWER SUPPLY" – Quedas de energia, interrupção do fornecimento de energia.
• "DUE TO THE EARTHQUAKE" – devido ao terramoto.
• "MAY AFFECT OUR OPERATION" – pode afetar nosso funcionamento.
• "AT WORKS" (COLLOCATION)– nas fábricas.
• REMEMBER:
• "WORK"(noun) can be "EFFORT", "JOB", "BOOK / MUSIC / ART", "BUILDING/REPAIRING" or "FACTORY".
•  I've got so much work to do. (WORK = EFFORT)
• He hasn't been in regular work since he left school.(WORK = JOB)
• Picasso's mature works.
• We are planning to carry out major works on the site.
• The night shift at the works. (O turno noturno nas fábricas)

However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement.

No entanto, o grau do impacto é desconhecido no momento", afirmou a empresa num comunicado.

• "IS NOT KNOWN NOW" – é desconhecido no momento.

Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February a year-on-year basis.

Os pedidos de navios de exportação japoneses subiram pelo 15º mês consecutivo em fevereiro, numa base anual. 

• "ROSE FOR THE 15th CONSECUTIVE MONTH" – subiram pelo 15º mês consecutivo.

Japanese shipbuilders received orders for 277 export vessels – 259 bulk carriers, 10 oil tankers and eight general cargo vessels – in the April-February period.

Os construtores navais japoneses receberam pedidos para 277 embarcações de exportação (259 navios graneleiros, 10 petroleiros e oito navios de carga geral) no período de abril a fevereiro.

• "JAPANESE SHIPBUILDERS" – Construtores/fabricantes de navais japoneses.
• "BULK CARRIERS" – Navios graneleiros, ou seja, embarcações responsáveis pelo transporte de cargas sólidas em grande volume, como: Grãos, Carvão, Minério, Cimento, Fertilizantes.
• "OIL TANKERS"(also known as PETROLEUM TANKERS) – Navios petroleiros, , ou seja, embarcações responsáveis pelo transporte a granel de petróleo ou seus derivados.
• "GENERAL CARGO VESSEL" – navios de carga geral.
• "IN THE APRIL-FEBRUARY PERIOD" – no período de abril a fevereiro.

>> (Adapted from:www.australianmerchantnavy.com,

March 2011)

❑ TRADUÇÃO – EXTRACT 2:

Tsnunami Debris Expected on U.S. Shores in 3 Years

Espera-se que os destroços do tsunami cheguem às costas dos EUA em 3 anos

The powerful tsunami triggered by the 9.0 Japanese earthquake destroyed coastal towns near Sendai, washing such things as houses and cars into the ocean.

O poderoso tsunami desencadeado pelo terramoto japonês de 9,0 destruiu cidades costeiras perto de Sendai, arrastando para o oceano coisas como casas e carros.

Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa.

O Centro Internacional de Investigação do Pacífico, da Universidade do Havai em Manoa, efetuou projeções sobre o destino destes destroços.

What their model predicts about the tsunami debris is that they first spread out eastward from the Japan Coast in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

O modelo prevê que os destroços do tsunami se espalhem primeiro para leste, a partir da costa do Japão, no Giro Subtropical do Pacífico Norte.

In a year, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument will see pieces washing up on its shores;

Dentro de um ano, o Monumento Nacional Marinho de Papahanaumokuakea verá pedaços a aparecerem nas suas costas;

in two years, the remaining Hawaiian islands will see some effects;

dentro de dois anos, as restantes ilhas havaianas verão alguns efeitos;

in three years, the plume will reach the US West Coast, dumping debris on Californian beaches and the beaches of British Columbia, Alaska, and Baja California.

dentro de três anos, a pluma chegará à costa oeste dos EUA, despejando detritos nas praias da Califórnia e nas praias da Colúmbia Britânica, do Alasca e da Baixa Califórnia.

The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces. Os destroços serão depois arrastados para o famoso depósito de lixo flutuante, a Mancha de Lixo do Pacífico Norte, onde vaguearão e se partirão em pedaços cada vez mais pequenos.

In five years, Hawaii shores can expect to see another barrage of debris that is stronger and longer-lasting than the first one. Dentro de cinco anos, as costas do Havai podem esperar ver outra barragem de detritos, mais forte e mais duradoura do que a primeira.

Much of the debris leaving the North Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on Hawaii’s reefs and beaches.

Grande parte dos detritos que saem da Mancha de Lixo do Pacífico Norte acaba nos recifes e nas praias do Havai.

These model projections will help to guide clean-up and tracking operations.

Estas projeções do modelo ajudarão a orientar as operações de limpeza e rastreio.

>>(Adapted from: www.geog.ucsb.edu, April 2011)

01 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Acoording to the first extract, it is correct to say that:

a) Japanese shipyards that build large vessels were virtually unharmed by the impact of the tsunami.
b) all Japanese shipyards are not located on the path of the tsunami.
c) Japanese shipyards located on the path of the tsunami were slightly affected by the devastating waves.
d) shipyards in northwestern Japan were the most affected by the earthquake and tsunami.
e) the earthquake and tsunami will have a big impact on the Japanese shipyard industry over the next decade.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Acoording to the first extract, it is correct to say that:

a) Japanese shipyards that build large vessels were virtually unharmed by the impact of the tsunami.

>> "were virtually unharmed"(ficaram praticamente ilesos) and "remain intact"(permanecem intactos) express the same idea.

• "[...] Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said." 

b) all Japanese shipyards are not located on the path of the tsunami.

• "[...] Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards" 

c) Japanese shipyards located on the path of the tsunami were slightly affected by the devastating waves.

• "[...] Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards" 

d) shipyards in northwestern Japan were the most affected by the earthquake and tsunami.

<<Semantic Error 1 >> in northwestern Japan.

(the correct is "IN WESTERN JAPAN" e not "in northwestern Japan")

<<Semantic Error 2 >: were the most affected.

(the correct is "REMAIN INTACT" e not "were the most affected")

• "[...] Although several small shipyards in the quake-hit areas were affected, major Japanese shipyards that build large vessels for exports are concentrated in western Japan and remain intact, the official said." 

e) the earthquake and tsunami will have a big impact on the Japanese shipyard industry over the next decade.

• "[...] will have no impact on future export ship orders at all”.

02 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Read the following piece from extract 1

• "The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries."

It may be inferred that:

a) Operations will be greatly affected by the constant interruption of power supply.
b) The earthquake caused the interruption of power supply without any consequences to the operations.
c) Some operations are expected to be affected by the interruption of power supply.
d) Subsidiaries and works will benefit from the power supply due to the earthquake.
e) Power supply was not affected by the earthquake and operations will continue.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Leia o seguinte trecho do extrato 1

"The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries." O cronograma rotativo de interrupção do fornecimento de energia devido ao terremoto poderá afetar nossa operação em nossas obras e subsidiárias.

Pode-se inferir que:

a) Operations will be greatly affected by the constant interruption of power supply. As operações serão grandemente afetadas pela interrupção constante do fornecimento de energia.
b) The earthquake caused the interruption of power supply without any consequences to the operations. O sismo provocou a interrupção do fornecimento de energia sem quaisquer consequências para as operações.
c) Some operations are expected to be affected by the interruption of power supply. Algumas operações deverão ser afetadas pela interrupção do fornecimento de energia.
d) Subsidiaries and works will benefit from the power supply due to the earthquake. As subsidiárias e obras beneficiarão do fornecimento de energia devido ao terramoto.
e) Power supply was not affected by the earthquake and operations will continue. O fornecimento de energia não foi afetado pelo terremoto e as operações continuarão.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] The rotational schedule of interruption of power supply due to the earthquake may affect our operation at our works and subsidiaries. "O calendário rotativo de interrupção do fornecimento de energia devido ao terramoto pode afetar o funcionamento das nossas fábricas e filiais.
• "[...] However, the degree of the impact is not known now,” the company said in a statement. No entanto, o grau do impacto não é conhecido atualmente", afirmou a empresa num comunicado." 

03 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

According to the following segment from the first extract:

"Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February on a year-on-year basis."

a) The information above is collected every 15 months.
b) The passage investigates the decrease in the number or ship orders.
c) The figures above were released before the tsunami.
d) One can tell for sure that Japanese ship orders were decreasing just before the tsunami.
e) Japanese ship orders have increased for over a year.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o seguinte segmento do primeiro extrato:

"Japanese export ship orders rose for the 15th consecutive month in February on a year-on-year basis." As encomendas de navios de exportação japoneses aumentaram pelo 15º mês consecutivo em fevereiro, numa base anual.

a) The information above is collected every 15 months. As informações acima são coletadas a cada 15 meses.
b) The passage investigates the decrease in the number or ship orders. A passagem investiga a diminuição do número de pedidos de navios.
c) The figures above were released before the tsunami. Os números acima foram divulgados antes do tsunami.
d) One can tell for sure that Japanese ship orders were decreasing just before the tsunami. Pode-se dizer com certeza que as encomendas de navios japoneses estavam diminuindo pouco antes do tsunami.
e) Japanese ship orders have increased for over a year. As encomendas de navios japoneses aumentaram há mais de um ano.

04 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

According to the second extract, the model developed by the International Pacific Research Center intends to:

a) predict the movement of tsunamis in the ocean.
b) study the movement of litter in the ocean.
c) indicate the amount of garbage dumped in the ocean.
d) collect the Japanese tsunami debris to clean the ocean.
e) spread the debris in the ocean after the tsunami.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o segundo extrato, o modelo desenvolvido pelo International Pacific Research Center pretende:

a) predict the movement of tsunamis in the ocean. prever o movimento dos tsunamis no oceano.
b) study the movement of litter in the ocean. estudar o movimento do lixo no oceano.
c) indicate the amount of garbage dumped in the ocean. indicar a quantidade de lixo despejada no oceano.
d) collect the Japanese tsunami debris to clean the ocean. coletar os destroços do tsunami japonês para limpar o oceano.
e) spread the debris in the ocean after the tsunami. espalhar os detritos no oceano após o tsunami.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] Projections of where this debris might head have been made at the international Pacific Research Center, university of Hawaii at Manoa. O Centro Internacional de Investigação do Pacífico, da Universidade do Havai em Manoa, efetuou projeções sobre o destino destes detritos." 

05 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Extract 2 explains that the North Pacific Garbage Patch

a) was formed after the Japanese tsunami.
b) will reach the shores of the US West Coast.
c) is formed by the garbage dumped on US shores.
d) is formed by the accumulation of garbage in the ocean.
e) releases debris that will eventually end up in Baja. California.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

O Extrato 2 explica que a Mancha de Lixo do Pacífico Norte

a) was formed after the Japanese tsunami. foi formado após o tsunami japonês.
b) will reach the shores of the US West Coast. alcançará a costa da Costa Oeste dos EUA.
c) is formed by the garbage dumped on US shores. é formado pelo lixo despejado nas costas dos EUA.
d) is formed by the accumulation of garbage in the ocean. é formada pelo acúmulo de lixo no oceano.
e) releases debris that will eventually end up in Baja. California. libera detritos que eventualmente irão parar em Baja. Califórnia.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] The debris will then drift into the famous floating junk yard, the North Pacific Garbage Patch, where it will wander around and break into smaller and smaller pieces." Os detritos serão depois arrastados para o famoso depósito de lixo flutuante, a Mancha de Lixo do Pacífico Norte, onde vaguearão e se partirão em pedaços cada vez mais pequenos." 

06 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the alternative in which the preposition is used correctly:

a) We’re booked on flight 607.
b) When did you arrive to new Zealand?
c) He wrote the book in a month’s time.
d) That’s mine. I saw it at first.
e) She is arriving in the 3:30 train.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

07 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the option with the correct tag questions for the sentences below.

1. You weren’t listening, _______?

2. She doesn’t’t know him, _______?

3. I’m a bit overweight, _______?

4. Don’t open your eyes, _______?

a) weren’t you / does she / aren’t I / do you
b) were you / doesn’t she / aren’t I / do you
c) were you / does she /  aren’t I / will you
d) weren’t you / doesn’t she / am I not / do you
e) were you / doesn’t she / am I not / do you

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

08 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The initials V.I.P. ______Very Important Person.

a) means
b) stand for
c) are about
d) describe
e) accounts for

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO:

dictionary.cambridge.org

09 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms:

1. No sooner _____ the door than I realized it was locked.

2. Never _____ a weaker excuse!

3. Only after posting the letter ____ that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.

4. Seldom ____ given a worse performance.

a) had I reached / did I hear / I remembered / the team has.
b) I reached / did I hear / I have remembered / the team have.
c) I have reached / I heard / have I remembered / has the team.
d) had I reached / have I heard / did I remember / has the team.
e) I had reached / I had heard / I remembered / have the team.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

10 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Indicate in which of the sentences below the subordinator “although” can ben used:

a) I don’t like him; _________, I agree that he’s a good manager.
b) ________, the rain, my cousins went to a party last night.
c) The police, _______, did not believe him.
d) ________ unhappy, Susan went out with him.
e) It is a bit late, ________ I’d like to go out.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

11 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Which of the alternatives below is grammatically correct in English:

a) “I didn’t go to any of lectures.”
b) A: “What day shall I come?” B: “Any.”
c) A: “Which newspaper would you like?” B: “It doesn’t matter. Everyone.”
d) “On the newsstand, there weren’t maganizes of no kind.”
e) A: “How much money have you gotten?”B: “None.”

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

12 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the option in which the prepositions complete the verb phrases, respectively:

1. The problem stems _____ the government’s lack of action.

2. When I asked Jean, she hinted ______ the chance of a promotion for me.

3. The salesman was responsible ______ the accident.

4. Please, refrain ______smoking in the lecture lounge.

5. I can’t stand the way she is always boasting _____ her wealthy parents.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

13 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

In the sentences below, “seem” and “appear” are used correctly, except in:

a) It seemed like a good idea at first.
b) I can’t appear to make her notice the events.
c) It seems a pity, but I can’t see you this weekend.
d) He seems younger than he is.
e) The baby appears hungry.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

14 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

The indefinite article can be appropriately used in:

a) _____ information
b) _____ wool
c) _____ furniture
d) _____ eggs
e) _____ hypothesis

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

15 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Match the following sentences with the meaning expressed by the modal verb in each of them.

1. Rooms must be vacated by noon.

2. May I take a look at your newspaper?

3. John might have borrowed his partner’s computer.

4. If you are going to the forest, you ought to buy some mosquito repellent.

5. You must be joking!

a) obligation / permission / possibility / advice / deductin o
b) advice / ability / permission / ability / obligation
c) advice /  permission / permission / advice / obligation
d) obligation / ability / possibility / obligation / deduction
e) deduction / ability / permission / advice / obligation

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

16 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the word that completes the idea of the following statement correctly:

“Michael is a _______ smoker. He smokes three packs of cigarettes a day.”

a) violent
b) fierce
c) big
d) chain
e) strong

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

17 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the option which completes the sentences below correctly:

It is ______ use trying to change her mind. Slowly, ________children began coming to school. Unfortunately, he had _______ friends. Could you possibly give me ________ help?

a) a little / a few / few / little
b) a little / a few / little / little
c) a little / few / few / a little
d) little / few / little / a little
e) little / a few / few / a little

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

18 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sentence:

“If she hadn’t been so bad-tempered, I _______ her.”

a) shall have married
b) ought to have married
c) might have married
d) will have married
e) must have married

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

19 – (EFOMM-2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Which pair of words below contains countable nouns:

a) news / bread
b) advice / music
c) weather / equipment
d) vocabulary / baggage
e) paper / illness

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

20 – (EFOMM-2011/2012-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

Choose the correct option to complete the sentences:

1. Where have you been? I ______ for you for two weeks!

2. Their bus ______ at 3:00 p.m.

3. Tim ______ to the beach, when he heard the weather forecast and changed his mind.

4. Research ______ that excessive sue of cell phones may cause headaches.

5. When the police arrived, the thieves _______.

a) have been looking / has arrived / drove / showed / had run away.
b) am looking / has arrived / was driving / has shown / has run away.
c) have been looking / has arrived / drove / has shown / ran away.
d) have been looking / arrives / was driving / has shown / had run away.
e) am looking / arrives / was driving / showed / ran away.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: