PUC-PR-2018-Vestibular de INVERNO da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito.

Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

Neste post, veremos a Prova INGLÊS-PUC-PR-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná-Vestibular INVERNO-2018-Prova OBJETIVA aplicada em 27/05/2018.

A prova de inglês tem 06 questões do tipo múltipla escolha(A,B,C,D,E).
LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a provas de inglês da PUC-PR-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO.
[a]Banca/Organizador 

Pontifícia Universidade Católica 
www.pucpr.br

_____________________________________________________________________________

[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦ Prova com 06 Questões.
➦ Foco: 
•Compreensão Textual de eventos atuais de relevância mundial.
•Identificação do tipo de ESTRUTURA ARGUMENTATIVA de um determinado trecho contextual.
•Identificação do(s) referente(s) de PRONOME OU ESTRUTURA PRONOMIAL.
•Uso contextual da conjunção DESPITE.
•Uso contextual de phrasal verbs: TO HOLD DOWN e TO COME BY.
•Identificação da semântico do verbo modal CAN dentro de um contexto.
•Parafrasear corretamente ESTRUTURAS NOMINAIS. 
•Vocábulos sinônimos contextuais.

🔄 Verbs :

➽[to age ➜ "envelhecer"]
"[...] Stress hormones in the body for extended periods of time can physically age our cells."
(Hormônios do estresse no corpo por longos períodos de tempo podem fisicamente envelhecer nossas células.)
🔄Phrasal Verbs :
➽[]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽[and it's not always(ênNêts-nâról-uêis) ➜ "e nem sempre é"]
"[...] Stress is a part of life, and it's not always a bad part of life."
(O estresse é uma parte da vida e nem sempre é uma parte ruim da vida.)
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[it can affect us ➜ "ele pode nos afetar"]
"[...] Negative stress isn't just in your head, it can affect us both mentally and physically."
(O estresse negativo não está apenas na sua cabeça, ele pode nos afetar tanto mental como fisicamente.)
➽[you can manage ➜ "você pode gerenciar"]
"[...] The good news is, you can manage stress now to prevent more damage to your body and mind tomorrow."
(A boa notícia é que você pode gerenciar o estresse agora para evitar mais danos ao seu corpo e mente amanhã.)
➽[that can be learned ➜ "que pode ser aprendido"]
"[...] Stress management is a skill that can be learned."
(O gerenciamento do estresse é uma habilidade que pode ser aprendida.) 

🔄Expressões comuns corriqueiras :

➽[Most of us(Môustêvâs) ➜ "A maioria de nós"]
➦"[...] Most of us enjoy good stress in small doses like roller coasters, watching sports or even a scary movie."
(A maioria de nós gosta de um bom estresse em pequenas doses, como montanhas-russas, assistir esportes ou até mesmo um filme de terror.)
🔄Expressões idiomáticas(tradução literal não funciona):
➽[Keep me on my toes ➜ "Usa-se para dizer que alguém ou alguma coisa nos força a ficar atentos, a tomar mais cuidado, a colocar toda nossa energia no que estamos fazendo"]
➦"[...] That's the kind of stress that keeps us young and on our toes."
(Esse é o tipo de estresse que nos mantêm jovens e em mantêm alertas.)
🔄Collocations(transmitem boa sonoridade):
➽[]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO :
➽[roller coasters ➜ "montanhas-russas"]
🔄Extrutura NOT ONLY...ALSO (após NOT ONLY, inverte-se o sujeito com o verbo) :
➽[not only does it...it can also...]
"[...] Not only does it add years to your appearance, it can also affect your memory, making brain cells shrink permanently."
(Não só acrescenta anos à sua aparência, como também pode afetar sua memória, fazendo com que as células cerebrais se encolham permanentemente.)

Read the text.

The Effects of Stress

1
Stress is a part of life, and it's not always a bad part of life. Most of us enjoy good stress in small doses like roller coasters, watching sports or even a scary movie. That's the kind of stress that keeps us young and on our toes.
2
Then there's bad stress, or worse, chronic stress. Negative stress isn't just in your head, it can affect us both mentally and physically. Stress hormones in the body for extended periods of time can physically age our cells. So when you're stressed at work or home, your cells look and act older, making you look older and even impacting your immune system. Not only does it add years to your appearance, it can also affect your memory, making brain cells shrink permanently. Even short-term stress can make it hard for you to remember simple things. The good news is, you can manage stress now to prevent more damage to your body and mind tomorrow. Stress management is a skill that can be learned.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available at: <https://www.englishcentral.com/video/21702>.

      Questão   55 
According to the text above, what are the effects of good stress?
A) According to the text, good stress can be caused by entertainment.
B) According to the text, good stress can cure bad stress.
C) According to the text above, one can learn how to enjoy good stress.
D) According to the text, good stress can be negative.
E) According to the text, good stress can keep one young and on his or her toes.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto acima, quais são os efeitos do bom estresse?

*Alternativa (A): De acordo com o texto, o bom estresse pode ser causado pelo entretenimento.
*Alternativa (B): De acordo com o texto, o bom estresse pode curar o estresse ruim.
*Alternativa (C): De acordo com o texto acima, pode-se aprender a desfrutar de um bom estresse.
*Alternativa (D): De acordo com o texto, o bom estresse pode ser negativo.
*Alternativa (E): De acordo com o texto, o bom estresse pode manter um jovem e em seus dedos do pé.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Fighting salt and sugar cravings, with spicy food

By Lisa Drayer, CNN

_____________________________________________________________________________

There's no magic pill that will cure you of your cravings. But there is something that may help the effort, and it's all-natural.

_____________________________________________________________________________
1
Research has shown that simply spicing up your diet may help you consume less salt and possibly less sugar, while potentially improving your health even beyond the reduction of salt and sugar.
2 There is more consistent evidence that spicy food helps curb salt cravings than sugar.
3 In a study involving more than 600 people from China 1whose brains were analyzed with PET/CT scans, researchers found that regions stimulated by intake of both salty and spicy foods overlapped. Because of similar activities taking place in this shared space (think of the overlapping parts of a Venn diagram), consuming spicy foods effectively
enhanced one's sensitivity to salt, thereby helping people crave and consume less salt.
4 "We think that spicy food can trick 2our brain when tasting salty food. It makes us taste the same (level of) saltiness even when a reduced amount of salt is actually consumed," said study author Dr. Zhiming Zhu, professor and director of the Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology at the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China.
5 In fact, researchers found that people who regularly enjoy spicy foods consumed 2.5 grams less salt in a day (that's 1,000 fewer milligrams of sodium) compared with 3those who typically steer clear of spice. They also had lower blood pressure.
6 It remains to be seen whether the findings can be replicated in other populations outside China, said Richard David Wainford, associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology at the Boston University School of Medicine, in an accompanying editorial. Still, "a lifestyle intervention that adds taste to the diet, in the form of extra spice and flavor,
versus reduction of the pleasure given by the salt we add to our food, may have more success as a public health strategy to promote population-level dietary salt reduction," 4he added.
7 Spice may have the potential to curb sugar cravings too, though the evidence is mixed. In one study involving 40 students from Denmark, when chili pepper was added to sweet, sour and bitter meals, 5participants experienced a greater desire to eat sweet foods compared with meals without chili added.
8 In another study, also from Denmark, people experienced a decreased desire for salty and spicy foods when 6they ate tomato soup with cayenne pepper compared with eating the soup without pepper. But their desire for sweet and fatty
foods significantly increased when they consumed the spicy soup.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available at: <https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/17/health/spicy-salt-sugar-food-drayer/index.html>.
Access on: February 2018.

      Questão   56 
According to the highlighted words they refer to:
A) whose – people; our – we; those – people; he – Richard David Wainford; participants – 40 students; they – people.
B) whose – study; our – we; those – people; he – Richard David Wainford; participants – 40 students; they – foods.
C) whose – people; our - we; those – researchers; he – associate professor; participants – meals; they – their.
D) whose – study; our – we; those – researchers; he – Richard David Wainford; participants – from Denmark; they – people.
E) whose – people; our – we; those – people; he – Richard David Wainford; participants – sweet foods; they – people.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - PRONOMES E REFERENCIADORES :

De acordo com as palavras destacadas, referem-se a:

A) cujas - pessoas; nosso Nós; aquelas pessoas; ele - Richard David Wainford; participantes - 40 alunos; eles - pessoas.
B) cujo - estudo; nosso Nós; aquelas pessoas; ele - Richard David Wainford; participantes - 40 alunos; eles - alimentos.
C) cujas - pessoas; nosso Nós; aqueles - pesquisadores; ele - professor associado; participantes - refeições; eles deles.
D) cujo - estudo; nosso Nós; aqueles - pesquisadores; ele - Richard David Wainford; participantes - da Dinamarca; eles - pessoas.
E) cujas - pessoas; nosso Nós; aquelas pessoas; ele - Richard David Wainford; participantes - alimentos doces; eles - pessoas.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Barack Obama Calls for 'Long Overdue' Gun Control After Florida School Shooting

By ALANA ABRAMSON

_____________________________________________________________________________
1
Former President Barack Obama took to Twitter Thursday, not only to offer his sympathy for the victims of Wednesday’s school shooting in Florida, but to call for stronger gun control measures —something he had unsuccessfully tried to do during his presidency.
2 “We are grieving with Parkland. But we are not powerless. Caring for our kids is our first job,” Obama wrote on Twitter. “And until we can honestly say that we’re doing enough to keep them safe from harm, including long overdue, common-sense gun safety laws that most Americans want, then we have to change.”
3 Obama’s brief statement was a contrast to that of President Trump, who addressed the nation Thursday but did not mention anything about gun control.
Obama, who was President during national tragedies like the 2012 elementary school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut and the 2015 shooting at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina, repeatedly stressed the need for stronger gun control measures, but his efforts were rebuffed by Congress. In January 2016, the start of his final year in office, he unveiled a series of executive actions aimed at curbing gun violence, requiring that anyone selling firearms have a license and conduct a background check on people who want to buy them.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available at:

<http://time.com/5160791/obama-florida-school-shooting/?xid=homepage>.

Access on: February 2018.

      Questão   57 
Read the text and check the CORRECT option:
I. President Obama believes in stronger gun control laws.
II. President Obama never tried to have stricter gun control during his presidency.
III. Obama addressed both the grieving of the American people and stricter gun control on his short statement.
IV. There were no gun shooting tragedies during his government.
V. Obama tried to impose stricter laws, but had no help from Congress.
A) Only statements I, II and IV are correct.
B) Only statements I, II and III are correct.
C) Only statements I, III and V are correct.
D) Only statements II, IV and V are correct.
E) Only statements I, III and IV are correct.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Leia o texto e verifique a opção CORRETO:

I. O Presidente Obama acredita em leis de controle de armas mais fortes.
II. O presidente Obama nunca tentou ter um controle de armas mais rigoroso durante sua presidência.
III Obama se dirigiu tanto ao luto do povo americano quanto ao controle de armas mais rigoroso em sua breve declaração.
IV. Não houve tragédias durante o seu governo.
V. Obama tentou impor leis mais rígidas, mas não teve ajuda do Congresso.
A) Apenas as declarações I, II e IV estão corretas.
B) Apenas as afirmações I, II e III estão corretas.
C) Apenas as afirmações I, III e V estão corretas.
D) Apenas as declarações II, IV e V estão corretas.
E) Apenas as afirmações I, III e IV estão corretas.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Driverless Cars Coming Soon

_____________________________________________________________________________
1
You are driving to school. You look up to see a pretty, hot air balloon. Whoa! You almost went through a stop sign! In a driverless car, you can look at the balloon. The car 1_________ the stop sign without your help and 2________ the car. Car makers and others are already testing driverless cars or AVs (automated vehicles) in the U.S. and other countries. Some companies are working together on driverless technology. Intel (USA) is working with BMW (Germany) and Mobileye (Israel) on a driverless car. Google (USA) and Nissan (Japan) are making their own driverless cars. In the U.S. car makers can test AVs in Florida, California, Nevada, and the District of Columbia. Driverless cars may be
for sale by 2025!
2 Google’s name for its driverless system is “chauffeur.” It’s a good name because a chauffeur is a person who 3_______ your car and takes you places. Google’s chauffeur system drives your car and 4______ you places, but it is not a person! The Google chauffeur system takes the place of the human chauffeur.
3 Most cars already have some driverless technology like the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). When a car is slipping on an icy road, the ABS can tap the brakes quickly. The wheels turn slowly but do not stop. The driver can then steer the car to safety.
4 Many cars also have parallel parking technology. These cars can park themselves along a street. No driver is needed. As cars get more driverless technology, they will be safer than cars with a driver. Driverless cars can move closer together on the road than cars with drivers. This may make driving on busy roads safer. Also, AVs don’t get sleepy or text on their phones while driving. Google’s driverless cars have been on the road since 2009 without a major crash.
5 A driverless car can see the road better than people with the help of radar, cameras, and lasers. Radar 5________ the car see things up to 100 meters away even in darkness or rain. Cameras help the car see objects that are close. Lasers that work like radar, called lidar, spin on the roof and build a 3D model of the world around the car.
6 Automated vehicles use a GPS to find the best way from one place to another. All the information from the radar, cameras, lasers, and the GPS 6_______ to the Controller Area Network bus. A bus is a network that 7________ all those devices talk to one another. The CAN bus 8________ the information to steer the car and to tell the car to go or stop.
7 There are some problems with AVs. Hackers may take over the car. There will probably be fewer jobs for people who drive taxis and trucks. A robot taxi can find you and take you to your destination without a taxi driver. AV trucks may roll along highways without a truck driver.
8 In the future, both vehicles with drivers and vehicles without drivers may share the road. You will have a choice. You can be the driver of your car, or you can look out the window while the car drives you.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available at: <https://www.englishclub.com/reading/driverless-cars.htm>.

Access on: February 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________
      Questão   58 
Complete the blanks with the CORRECT option of the verbs.
A) see – stops – drive – takes – help – gos – let – uses.
B) see – stop – drive – take – helps –go – lets – uses.
C) sees – stops – drives –takes – help – gos – lets – use.
D) sees – stops – drives – takes – helps – goes – lets – uses.
E) see – stop – drive – take – helps – goes –lets – uses.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre CONJUGAÇÃO VERBAL:
Complete os espaços em branco com a opção CORRETO dos verbos.
A) ver - pára - conduz - leva - ajuda - gos - deixa - usa.
B) ver - parar - dirigir - levar - ajuda - deixa - usa - usos.
C) vê - pára - dirige - toma - ajuda - gos - deixa - uso.
D) vê - pára - drives - leva - ajuda - vai - deixa - usa.
E) ver - parar - dirigir - levar - ajuda - vai - leva - usos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Fake news is still a problem. Is AI the solution?

_____________________________________________________________________________

Human fact-checkers can't keep up with the flood of fraudulent stories, images, and videos.

by David Cox

_____________________________________________________________________________
1
Fake news is fueled in part by advances in technology — from bots that automatically fabricate headlines and entire stories to computer software that synthesizes Donald Trump’s voice and makes him read tweets to a new video editing app that makes it possible to create authentic-looking videos in which one person’s face is stitched onto another person’s body.
2 But technology, in the form of artificial intelligence, may also be the key to solving the fake news problem — which has rocked the American political system and led some to doubt the veracity even of reports from long-trusted media outlets.
3 Experts say AI systems would help fill the gaps left by Snopes, Truth or Fiction, and other online fact-checking outlets, whose human fact-checkers lack the bandwidth to evaluate every article that appears online. These systems could also work with various fake news alert plugins available from Google’s web store, such as the browser extension, This is Fake, which uses a red banner to flag debunked news stories on your Facebook newsfeed.
4 “All of the current systems for tracking fake news are manual, and this is something we need to change as the earlier you can highlight that a story is fake, the easier it is to prevent it going viral,” says Delip Rao, founder of the San Francisco-based AI research company Joostware and organizer of the Fake News Challenge, a competition set up within the AI community to foster development of tools that can reliably spot fake content.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available at: <https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/fake-news-still-problem-ai-solution-ncna848276>.

Access on: February 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________
      Questão   59 
According to the text, read the options and choose the CORRECT alternative.
I. Technology with certain computer programs as bots and video editing apps fuel fake news nowadays.
II. Long-trusted media outlets and forms of artificial intelligence can solve some fake news problems.
III. Human fact-checkers are not capable to evaluate if articles are fake or not.
IV. Developing current systems, as they are still manual, will help to point out if a story is fake or not.
A) T, T, F, T.
B) T, F, F, T.
C) F, T, F, T.
D) F, F, T, T.
E) T, F, T, F.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o texto, leia as opções e escolha a alternativa CORRETA.

I. Tecnologia com certos programas de computador como bots e aplicativos de edição de vídeo alimentam notícias falsas hoje em dia.
II. Meios de comunicação confiáveis e formas de inteligência artificial podem resolver alguns problemas de notícias falsas.
III Os verificadores de fatos humanos não são capazes de avaliar se os artigos são falsos ou não.
IV. Desenvolver sistemas atuais, como eles ainda são manuais, ajudará a apontar se uma história é falsa ou não.
A) T, T, F, T.
B) T, F, F, T.
C) F, T, F, T.
D) F, F, T, T.
E) T, F, T, F.

Watch an illustration.

vailable at: <https://www.comicsenglish.com/comics/do-you-mind-if-i-text-and-drive-comic>.

Access on: February, 2018.

      Questão   60 
Reading the cartoon, which statement means the CORRECT option?
A) Both questions show the danger of each action for people’s lives.
B) The first person is being rude.
C) The second person is being rude.
D) They don’t like each other’s action.
E) Both questions show how people like these actions in a car.
👍 Gabarito  D