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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• PUC/RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR-RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS-20/10/2017.
www.puc-rio.br/vestibular
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
• Text – | Dairy godfathers | For Syria's new elite, peace might be bad for business | The Economist |
❑ PROVA:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:
Dairy godfathers
Padrinhos dos lacticínios
Beirut
For Syria's new elite, peace might be bad for business
Beirute
Para a nova elite da Síria, a paz pode ser ruim para os negócios
Amid the ruins of Syria, Mohieddine Manfoush has carved out a kingdom built on cheese. An unremarkable man in Damascus.
Em meio às ruínas da Síria, Mohieddine Manfoush esculpiu um reino construído sobre o queijo. Um homem comum em Damasco.
An unremarkable man in Damascus.
Um homem comum em Damasco.
Even with such competition, with 25 cows to his name before the conflict began, Mr. Manfoush now has his own militia, a heard of 1,000 cattle and a company whose dairy products have become ubiquitous in Damascus.
Mesmo com tal competição, com 25 vacas antes do início do conflito, Manfoush tem agora a sua própria milícia, um rebanho de 1000 cabeças de gado e uma empresa cujos produtos lácteos se tornaram omnipresentes em Damasco.
For those with the right connections and an appetite for risk, the war has opened up lucrative sources of revenue.
Para aqueles com as conexões certas e um apetite para o risco, a guerra abriu fontes lucrativas de receita.
For Mr. Manfoush, his new-found wealth is directly bound to the regime’s preferred tactic of siege warfare.
Para o Sr. Manfoush, a sua nova riqueza está diretamente ligada à tática preferida do regime, a guerra de cerco.
This has proved effective at isolating, containing and stranding rebel redoubts into submission without consuming too much of the regime’s dwindling manpower.
Isto provou ser eficaz para isolar, conter e encalhar redutos rebeldes até a submissão., sem consumir demais a mão de obra em diminuição do regime.
The sieges have generated lots of money, too.
Os cercos também têm gerado muito dinheiro.
Mr. Manfoush's cash cow has been the siege of Eastern Ghouta, a large rebel-held region east of Damascus.
A vaca leiteira do Sr. Manfoush tem sido o cerco a Ghouta Oriental, uma grande região controlada pelos rebeldes a leste de Damasco.
In mid-2003, regime forces surrounded the area, whose rich farmland supplied the capital with most of its meat and cheese before the war began.
Em meados de 2003, as forças do regime cercaram a área, cujas ricas terras agrícolas forneciam à capital a maior parte da sua carne e queijo antes do início da guerra.
As the siege tightened, its dairy farmers slowly lost access to their customers in the capital.
À medida que o cerco foi apertando-se, os produtores de leite foram perdendo lentamente o acesso aos seus clientes na capital.
With the ensuing milk glut in the enclave, prices collapsed.
Com a consequente escassez de leite na província, os preços caíram.
Using his contacts, Mr. Manfoush, who owned a small cheese business, struck a deal with the regime.
Ao usar os seus contatos, o Sr. Manfoush, que tinha um pequeno negócio de queijos, fez um acordo com o regime.
He began to bring cheap milk from rebel territory in Eastern Ghouta to regime-held Damascus, where he could sell it for double the price.
Ele começou a trazer leite barato do território rebelde em Ghouta Oriental para Damasco, onde podia vendê-lo pelo dobro do preço.
The regime received a cut of the profit.
O regime recebeu uma parte dos lucros
Mr. Manfoush reinvested his share.
O Sr. Manfoush reinvestiu a sua parte.
He snapped up the region’s best cows and dairy machinery from farmers and businessmen whose livelihoods had been hammered by the siege.
Comprou as melhores vacas da região e a maquinaria leiteira a agricultores e homens de negócios cuja subsistência tinha sido afetada pelo cerco.
As the business evolved, the trucks that left Ghouta with milk and cheese came back laden with the barley and wheat he needed to feed his growing dairy herd there and run the bakeries he bought.
À medida que o negócio evoluía, os caminhões que saíam de Ghouta com leite e queijo regressavam carregados com a cevada e o trigo de que necessitava para alimentar o seu crescente rebanho leiteiro e gerir as padarias que ele comprava.
As the only trader allowed to bring goods in and out of Syria's largest besieged area, Mr. Manfoush could control prices.
Sendo o único comerciante autorizado a entrar e sair da maior zona sitiada da Síria, Manfoush podia controlar os preços.
When these peaked in the winter of 2003, as the regime tightened the siege after killing 1,400 people in a sarin gas attack Mr. Manfoush was charging $19 for a kilo of sugar (in Damascus the same amount cost less than $1).
Quando estes atingiram o seu pico no inverno de 2003, quando o regime apertou o cerco depois de matar 1400 pessoas num ataque com gás sarin, Manfoush cobrava 19 dólares por um quilo de açúcar (em Damasco, a mesma quantidade custava menos de 1 dólar).
With a captive market of 390,000 people and the sole right to import food, fuel, medicine and other necessities, Mr. Manfoush’s profits - and those of his patrons in the regime - rocketed.
Com um mercado cativo de 390.000 pessoas e o direito exclusivo de importar alimentos, combustível, medicamentos e outros bens de primeira necessidade, os lucros do Sr. Manfoush - e os dos seus patronos no regime - dispararam.
The rebels dug tunnels out of the enclave to try to diversify supply, causing prices to fall back, though they are several times higher than in Damascus.
Os rebeldes escavaram túneis fora do enclave para tentar diversificar o abastecimento, fazendo com que os preços baixassem, embora sejam várias vezes mais elevados do que em Damasco.
Even with such competition, the checkpoint through which Mr. Manfoush trucked his goods became known as the “Million Crossing”.
Mesmo com esta concorrência, o posto de controle através do qual Manfoush transporta as suas mercadorias ficou conhecido como o "Cruzamento do Milhão".
Residents believe it generates $5,000 per hour in bribes for the soldiers who man it.
Os residentes acreditam que gera 5.000 dólares por hora em subornos para os soldados que o controlam.
Foreign aid further boosted Mr. Manfoush’s profits. Organisations funding bakeries and local councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.
A ajuda externa aumentou ainda mais os lucros de Manfoush. As organizações que financiam padarias e conselhos locais foram forçadas a confiar nele para transferir moeda forte para Ghouta Oriental.
This in turn generated even more money for the cheese king, who benefited from the different exchange rates inside and outside the rebel enclave.
Isso, por sua vez, gerou ainda mais dinheiro para o rei do queijo, que se beneficiou das diferentes taxas de câmbio dentro e fora do enclave rebelde.
Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.
As estimativas da riqueza do Sr. Manfoush variam.
What is known is that the cheese trader can afford to keep a private militia of about 500 men and a workforce of around 1,500 who are paid as much as $250 month - more than rebel commanders pay their fighters.
O que se sabe é que o comerciante de queijos pode dar-se ao luxo de manter uma milícia privada de cerca de 500 homens e uma força de trabalho de cerca de 1.500 que recebem até 250 dólares por mês - mais do que os comandantes rebeldes pagam aos seus combatentes.
He has bought up property in Damascus and his factories inside the rebel enclave churn out dairy products, crisps, canned goods and juice.
Ele comprou propriedades em Damasco e suas fábricas dentro do enclave rebelde produzem laticínios, salgadinhos, enlatados e sucos.
Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.
Além de seu corte, o regime também conquistou um certo grau de silêncio da parte de Manfoush em Ghouta Oriental.
People see him as a sort of Robin Hood character.
As pessoas o veem como uma espécie de personagem de Robin Hood.
He’s the only one bringing in food and their area is not being bombed like the others. They love him.
Ele é o único que traz comida e a área deles não está sendo bombardeada como as outras. Eles o amam.
People don’t want the rebels to upset things,” said Youssef Sadaki, a Syrian political analyst who has studied the siege economy in Eastern Ghouta.
As pessoas não querem que os rebeldes atrapalhem as coisas”, disse Youssef Sadaki, um analista político sírio que estudou a economia sitiada em Ghouta Oriental.
The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.
A nova elite empresarial não ganha dinheiro apenas com os cercos, mas também com o colapso econômico geral.
During the course of the war, the country’s economy has progressively withered.
No decurso da guerra, a economia do país tem vindo a definhar progressivamente.
International sanctions and damage to infrastructure have crippled its oil and gas sector, once the main source of government revenue.
As sanções internacionais e os danos causados às infra-estruturas paralisaram o setor do petróleo e do gás, outrora a principal fonte de receitas do Estado.
The government has financed its huge deficits by printing money and eating up its foreign reserves.
O governo financiou seus enormes déficits imprimindo dinheiro e consumindo suas reservas estrangeiras.
The Syrian pound has lost four-fifths of its value, and reserves have dropped from $20bn to $1bn since 2010.
A libra síria perdeu quatro quintos de seu valor e as reservas caíram de US$ 20 bilhões para US$ 1 bilhão desde 2010.
The IMF says Syria’s GDP today is less than half of what it was before the war.
Segundo o FMI, o PIB da Síria é atualmente menos de metade do que era antes da guerra.
Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.
Se o Sr. Manfoush e sua espécie manterão sua riqueza após a guerra, isso dependerá de como o conflito se desenrolará e da paz que se seguirá.
“He is swimming with the sharks,” said a businessman who knows the cheese trader.
“Ele está nadando com os tubarões”, disse um empresário que conhece o comerciante de queijos.
“He doesn’t know when the regime will bite him but they will, and they’ll spit him out when he’s no longer any use.”
“Ele não sabe quando o regime vai mordê-lo, mas eles vão, e vão cuspi-lo quando ele não for mais útil.”
Others, however, believe he will endure; that the networks and connections that war millionaires have built will survive.
Outros, entretanto, acreditam que ele resistirá; que as redes e conexões que os milionários da guerra construíram sobreviverão.
If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money that will flow once the war ends.
Se o fizerem, estarão bem posicionados para se beneficiar do dinheiro de reconstrução que fluirá quando a guerra terminar.
Those who have grown rich during their country’s darkest hour may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.
Aqueles que enriqueceram durante a hora mais negra de seu país podem, portanto, ser pagos para reconstruí-lo.
01 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The Economist
June 3rd 2017.
The main objective of the text is to
(A) blame the new Syrian business elite for the general economic breakdown of the country.
(B) criticize the implications of the Syrian tactics of town blockades to the welfare of dairy farmers.
(C) claim that affluent Syrian traders must be held responsible for the government’s huge deficits.
(D) warn the international community about the excessive empowerment of greedy Syrian militia.
(E) discuss how Syrian war tactics have benefited some traders and generated a new business elite.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - THE MAIN IDEIA - O PROPÓSITO PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO :
The main objective of the text is to
O objetivo principal do texto é
(A) blame the new Syrian business elite for the general economic breakdown of the country. – culpar a nova elite empresarial síria pelo colapso econômico geral do país.
(B) criticize the implications of the Syrian tactics of town blockades to the welfare of dairy farmers. – criticar as implicações da tática síria de bloqueio das cidades para o bem-estar dos produtores de leite.
(C) claim that affluent Syrian traders must be held responsible for the government’s huge deficits. – afirmam que os ricos comerciantes sírios devem ser responsabilizados pelos enormes déficits do governo.
(D) warn the international community about the excessive empowerment of greedy Syrian militia. – alertar a comunidade internacional sobre o empoderamento excessivo da gananciosa milícia síria.
(E) discuss how Syrian war tactics have benefited some traders and generated a new business elite. – discutir como as táticas de guerra na Síria beneficiaram alguns comerciantes e geraram uma nova elite empresarial.
(A) blame the new Syrian business elite for the general economic breakdown of the country. – culpar a nova elite empresarial síria pelo colapso econômico geral do país.
(B) criticize the implications of the Syrian tactics of town blockades to the welfare of dairy farmers. – criticar as implicações da tática síria de bloqueio das cidades para o bem-estar dos produtores de leite.
(C) claim that affluent Syrian traders must be held responsible for the government’s huge deficits. – afirmam que os ricos comerciantes sírios devem ser responsabilizados pelos enormes déficits do governo.
(D) warn the international community about the excessive empowerment of greedy Syrian militia. – alertar a comunidade internacional sobre o empoderamento excessivo da gananciosa milícia síria.
(E) discuss how Syrian war tactics have benefited some traders and generated a new business elite. – discutir como as táticas de guerra na Síria beneficiaram alguns comerciantes e geraram uma nova elite empresarial.
02 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the subtitle of the text "For Syria's new elite, peace might be bad for business" the implied idea is that peace is
(A) possibly bad for business.
(B) necessarily bad for business.
(C) certainly bad for business.
(D) certainly important for business.
(E) urgently necessary for business.
(B) necessarily bad for business.
(C) certainly bad for business.
(D) certainly important for business.
(E) urgently necessary for business.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - THE IMPLIED IDEIA :
In the subtitle of the text "For Syria's new elite, peace might be bad for business" the implied idea is that peace is
No subtítulo do texto "Para a nova elite da Síria, a paz pode ser má para o negócio", está implícita a ideia de que a paz é
(A) possibly bad for business. – possivelmente ruim para os negócios.
(B) necessarily bad for business. – necessariamente ruim para os negócios.
(C) certainly bad for business. – certamente ruim para os negócios.
(D) certainly important for business. – certamente importante para os negócios.
(E) urgently necessary for business. – urgentemente necessário para as atividades comerciais.
(B) necessarily bad for business. – necessariamente ruim para os negócios.
(C) certainly bad for business. – certamente ruim para os negócios.
(D) certainly important for business. – certamente importante para os negócios.
(E) urgently necessary for business. – urgentemente necessário para as atividades comerciais.
03 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The fragment
"This has proved effective at isolating, containing and stranding rebel redoubts into submission without consuming too much of the regime's dwindling manpower. The sieges have generated lots of money, too" (lines 12 -16)
is structured by
(A) definition.
(B) classification.
(C) time sequence.
(D) cause and effect.
(E) comparison and contrast.
(B) classification.
(C) time sequence.
(D) cause and effect.
(E) comparison and contrast.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - TIPO DE ESTRUTURA DE FRAGMENTO TEXTUAL :
O fragmento
"This has proved effective at isolating, containing and stranding rebel redoubts into submission without consuming too much of the regime's dwindling manpower. The sieges have generated lots of money, too" (lines 12 -16)
"Isso provou ser eficaz em isolar, conter e encalhar os redutos rebeldes à submissão sem consumir muito da mão de obra cada vez menor do regime. Os cercos também geraram muito dinheiro"
is structured by
é estruturado por
(A) definition. – definição.
(B) classification. – classificação.
(C) time sequence. – seqüência de tempo.
(D) cause and effect. – causa e efeito.
(E) comparison and contrast. – comparação e contraste.
(B) classification. – classificação.
(C) time sequence. – seqüência de tempo.
(D) cause and effect. – causa e efeito.
(E) comparison and contrast. – comparação e contraste.
04 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
Based on the information presented in paragraph 3 (lines 17-24), one can say that all the issues below contributed to Mr. Manfoush’s wealth from 2003 onwards, EXCEPT the
(A) tightening of the siege of Eastern Ghouta.
(B) decrease of the price of milk inside the enclave.
(C) presence of regime forces around Eastern Ghouta.
(D) huge consumption of meat and cheese by the rebel forces.
(E) isolation of Eastern Ghouta farmers in relation to their customers.
(B) decrease of the price of milk inside the enclave.
(C) presence of regime forces around Eastern Ghouta.
(D) huge consumption of meat and cheese by the rebel forces.
(E) isolation of Eastern Ghouta farmers in relation to their customers.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO NÃO CONTIDA EM PARÁGRAFO ESPECIFICADO :
Com base nas informações apresentadas no parágrafo 3
pode-se dizer que todas as questões abaixo contribuíram para a riqueza do Sr. Manfoush a partir de 2003, EXCETO o/a
(A) tightening of the siege of Eastern Ghouta. – intensificação do cerco de Ghouta Oriental.
(B) decrease of the price of milk inside the enclave. – queda do preço do leite dentro do enclave.
(C) presence of regime forces around Eastern Ghouta. – presença de forças do regime em torno de Ghouta Oriental.
(D) huge consumption of meat and cheese by the rebel forces. – enorme consumo de carne e queijo pelas forças rebeldes.
(E) isolation of Eastern Ghouta farmers in relation to their customers. – isolamento dos agricultores de Ghouta Oriental em relação aos seus clientes.
(B) decrease of the price of milk inside the enclave. – queda do preço do leite dentro do enclave.
(C) presence of regime forces around Eastern Ghouta. – presença de forças do regime em torno de Ghouta Oriental.
(D) huge consumption of meat and cheese by the rebel forces. – enorme consumo de carne e queijo pelas forças rebeldes.
(E) isolation of Eastern Ghouta farmers in relation to their customers. – isolamento dos agricultores de Ghouta Oriental em relação aos seus clientes.
05 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
According to paragraph 4 (lines 25-37),
the deal Mr. Manfoush made with the Syrian regime included
(A) selling cheap milk in the city of Damascus.
(B) passing on part of his profits to the government.
(C) opening a chain of bakeries to feed the famished citizens.
(D) reinvesting a share of his profits to provide for the needy population.
(E) buying dairy machinery from impoverished farmers to help them survive.
(B) passing on part of his profits to the government.
(C) opening a chain of bakeries to feed the famished citizens.
(D) reinvesting a share of his profits to provide for the needy population.
(E) buying dairy machinery from impoverished farmers to help them survive.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
According to paragraph 4 (lines 25-37),
De acordo com o parágrafo 4
the deal Mr. Manfoush made with the Syrian regime included
o acordo que o Sr. Manfoush fez com o regime sírio incluiu
(A) selling cheap milk in the city of Damascus. – vender leite barato na cidade de Damasco.
(B) passing on part of his profits to the government. – repassar parte de seus lucros ao governo.
(C) opening a chain of bakeries to feed the famished citizens. – abrir uma cadeia de padarias para alimentar os cidadãos famintos.
(D) reinvesting a share of his profits to provide for the needy population. – reinvestir uma parte de seus lucros para prover a população carente.
(E) buying dairy machinery from impoverished farmers to help them survive. – comprar maquinaria leiteira de fazendeiros pobres para ajudá-los a sobreviver.
(B) passing on part of his profits to the government. – repassar parte de seus lucros ao governo.
(C) opening a chain of bakeries to feed the famished citizens. – abrir uma cadeia de padarias para alimentar os cidadãos famintos.
(D) reinvesting a share of his profits to provide for the needy population. – reinvestir uma parte de seus lucros para prover a população carente.
(E) buying dairy machinery from impoverished farmers to help them survive. – comprar maquinaria leiteira de fazendeiros pobres para ajudá-los a sobreviver.
06 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
From the fragment
"When these peaked in the winter of 2003, […], Mr. Manfoush’s profits - and those of his patrons in the regime – rocketed." (lines 40-48),
one can infer that...
(A) Mr. Manfoush’s fortune increased after the winter of 2003.
(B) The killing of 1,400 people in 2003 made Mr. Manfoush’s profits decrease.
(C) Mr. Manfoush’s profits shrinked due to the sarin gas attack in 2003.
(D) Mr. Manfoush’s patrons in the regime became richer than he did after 2003.
(E) After 2003, Mr. Manfoush had to deal with competition to import food and other necessities.
(B) The killing of 1,400 people in 2003 made Mr. Manfoush’s profits decrease.
(C) Mr. Manfoush’s profits shrinked due to the sarin gas attack in 2003.
(D) Mr. Manfoush’s patrons in the regime became richer than he did after 2003.
(E) After 2003, Mr. Manfoush had to deal with competition to import food and other necessities.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA :
From the fragment
Do fragmento
"When these peaked in the winter of 2003, […], Mr. Manfoush’s profits - and those of his patrons in the regime – rocketed." (lines 40-48),
"Quando atingiram o pico no inverno de 2003, [...], os lucros do Sr. Manfoush - e os de seus patronos no regime - dispararam."
one can infer that...
pode-se inferir que...
(A) Mr. Manfoush’s fortune increased after the winter of 2003. – A fortuna do Sr. Manfoush aumentou após o inverno de 2003.
(B) The killing of 1,400 people in 2003 made Mr. Manfoush’s profits decrease. – A morte de 1.400 pessoas em 2003 fez com que os lucros do Sr. Manfoush diminuíssem.
(C) Mr. Manfoush’s profits shrinked due to the sarin gas attack in 2003. – Os lucros do Sr. Manfoush diminuíram devido ao ataque com gás sarin em 2003.
(D) Mr. Manfoush’s patrons in the regime became richer than he did after 2003. – Os patronos do Sr. Manfoush no regime ficaram mais ricos do que ele depois de 2003.
(E) After 2003, Mr. Manfoush had to deal with competition to import food and other necessities. – Depois de 2003, o Sr. Manfoush teve que lidar com a concorrência para importar alimentos e outras necessidades.
(B) The killing of 1,400 people in 2003 made Mr. Manfoush’s profits decrease. – A morte de 1.400 pessoas em 2003 fez com que os lucros do Sr. Manfoush diminuíssem.
(C) Mr. Manfoush’s profits shrinked due to the sarin gas attack in 2003. – Os lucros do Sr. Manfoush diminuíram devido ao ataque com gás sarin em 2003.
(D) Mr. Manfoush’s patrons in the regime became richer than he did after 2003. – Os patronos do Sr. Manfoush no regime ficaram mais ricos do que ele depois de 2003.
(E) After 2003, Mr. Manfoush had to deal with competition to import food and other necessities. – Depois de 2003, o Sr. Manfoush teve que lidar com a concorrência para importar alimentos e outras necessidades.
07 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The phrase “such competition” (line 51) in the context of the paragraph in which it is inserted refers to the competition between the
(A) Damascus residents and the corrupt soldiers.
(B) wealthy traders and the official Syrian regime.
(C) profits of Mr. Manfoush and those of his patrons in the regime.
(D) prices charged by Mr. Manfoush and those charged in Damascus.
(E) goods provided by the rebels and those provided by Mr. Manfoush.
(B) wealthy traders and the official Syrian regime.
(C) profits of Mr. Manfoush and those of his patrons in the regime.
(D) prices charged by Mr. Manfoush and those charged in Damascus.
(E) goods provided by the rebels and those provided by Mr. Manfoush.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The phrase “such competition” (line 51) in the context of the paragraph in which it is inserted refers to the competition between the
A frase “tal competição” (linha 51) no contexto do parágrafo em que está inserida refere-se à competição entre o
(A) Damascus residents and the corrupt soldiers. – Os residentes de Damasco e os soldados corruptos.
(B) wealthy traders and the official Syrian regime. – comerciantes ricos e o regime oficial sírio.
(C) profits of Mr. Manfoush and those of his patrons in the regime. – lucros do Sr. Manfoush e de seus patronos no regime.
(D) prices charged by Mr. Manfoush and those charged in Damascus. – preços cobrados pelo Sr. Manfoush e os praticados em Damasco.
(E) goods provided by the rebels and those provided by Mr. Manfoush. – bens fornecidos pelos rebeldes e os fornecidos pelo Sr. Manfoush.
(B) wealthy traders and the official Syrian regime. – comerciantes ricos e o regime oficial sírio.
(C) profits of Mr. Manfoush and those of his patrons in the regime. – lucros do Sr. Manfoush e de seus patronos no regime.
(D) prices charged by Mr. Manfoush and those charged in Damascus. – preços cobrados pelo Sr. Manfoush e os praticados em Damasco.
(E) goods provided by the rebels and those provided by Mr. Manfoush. – bens fornecidos pelos rebeldes e os fornecidos pelo Sr. Manfoush.
08 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
According to paragraph 6 (lines 56-62),
Mr. Manfoush’s profits increased even more because
(A) bakeries and local councils were forced to buy cheese from him at very high prices.
(B) the prices of his goods started to decrease as never before inside the rebel enclave.
(C) his goods became more expensive outside the rebel enclave than they were inside the enclave.
(D) he began making currency exchange for international organizations established in the enclave.
(E) hard currency became more expensive in Eastern Ghouta.
(B) the prices of his goods started to decrease as never before inside the rebel enclave.
(C) his goods became more expensive outside the rebel enclave than they were inside the enclave.
(D) he began making currency exchange for international organizations established in the enclave.
(E) hard currency became more expensive in Eastern Ghouta.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
According to paragraph 6 (lines 56-62),
De acordo com o parágrafo 6,
Mr. Manfoush’s profits increased even more because
Os lucros do Sr. Manfoush aumentaram ainda mais porque
(A) bakeries and local councils were forced to buy cheese from him at very high prices. – as padarias e as autarquias foram obrigadas a comprar-lhe queijo a preços muito elevados.
(B) the prices of his goods started to decrease as never before inside the rebel enclave. – os preços de seus produtos começaram a cair como nunca antes dentro do enclave rebelde.
(C) his goods became more expensive outside the rebel enclave than they were inside the enclave. – seus produtos ficaram mais caros fora do enclave rebelde do que dentro do enclave.
(D) he began making currency exchange for international organizations established in the enclave. – começou a fazer câmbio para organizações internacionais estabelecidas no enclave.
(E) hard currency became more expensive in Eastern Ghouta.
(B) the prices of his goods started to decrease as never before inside the rebel enclave. – os preços de seus produtos começaram a cair como nunca antes dentro do enclave rebelde.
(C) his goods became more expensive outside the rebel enclave than they were inside the enclave. – seus produtos ficaram mais caros fora do enclave rebelde do que dentro do enclave.
(D) he began making currency exchange for international organizations established in the enclave. – começou a fazer câmbio para organizações internacionais estabelecidas no enclave.
(E) hard currency became more expensive in Eastern Ghouta.
– a moeda forte ficou mais cara em Ghouta Oriental.
09 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
According to paragraph 7 (lines 63-70), one can state that
(A) Mr. Manfoush is currently the wealthiest and most powerful man in the whole Syria.
(B) Mr. Manfoush’s wealth has been incorrectly estimated by international organizations.
(C) the precise amount of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth is unknown to the international community.
(D) Most people are now convinced that Mr. Manfoush is not as rich as they used to think some time ago.
(E) Mr. Manfoush is now so rich that his militia and workforce are paid as much as rebel commanders pay their fighters.
(B) Mr. Manfoush’s wealth has been incorrectly estimated by international organizations.
(C) the precise amount of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth is unknown to the international community.
(D) Most people are now convinced that Mr. Manfoush is not as rich as they used to think some time ago.
(E) Mr. Manfoush is now so rich that his militia and workforce are paid as much as rebel commanders pay their fighters.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
According to paragraph 7 (lines 63-70), one can state that
De acordo com o parágrafo 7, pode-se afirmar que
(A) Mr. Manfoush is currently the wealthiest and most powerful man in the whole Syria. – O Sr. Manfoush é atualmente o homem mais rico e poderoso de toda a Síria.
(B) Mr. Manfoush’s wealth has been incorrectly estimated by international organizations. – A riqueza do Sr. Manfoush foi estimada incorretamente por organizações internacionais.
(C) the precise amount of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth is unknown to the international community. – a quantidade exata da riqueza do Sr. Manfoush é desconhecida da comunidade internacional.
(D) Most people are now convinced that Mr. Manfoush is not as rich as they used to think some time ago. – A maioria das pessoas agora está convencida de que o Sr. Manfoush não é tão rico quanto pensavam há algum tempo.
(E) Mr. Manfoush is now so rich that his militia and workforce are paid as much as rebel commanders pay their fighters.
(B) Mr. Manfoush’s wealth has been incorrectly estimated by international organizations. – A riqueza do Sr. Manfoush foi estimada incorretamente por organizações internacionais.
(C) the precise amount of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth is unknown to the international community. – a quantidade exata da riqueza do Sr. Manfoush é desconhecida da comunidade internacional.
(D) Most people are now convinced that Mr. Manfoush is not as rich as they used to think some time ago. – A maioria das pessoas agora está convencida de que o Sr. Manfoush não é tão rico quanto pensavam há algum tempo.
(E) Mr. Manfoush is now so rich that his militia and workforce are paid as much as rebel commanders pay their fighters.
– O Sr. Manfoush é agora tão rico que sua milícia e força de trabalho recebem tanto quanto os comandantes rebeldes pagam a seus combatentes.
10 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The comparison established between Mr. Manfoush and the legendary character Robin Hood in the fragment
“People see him as a sort of Robin Hood character” (lines 73-74)
is due to the fact that
(A) people don’t believe in his existence, as they think Robin Hood was a legend.
(B) most international organizations regard Mr Manfoush as a generous person.
(C) some people are thankful to him for food supply and protection.
(D) Mr Manfoush’s militia is the only force now opposing the rebels in the region.
(E) Mr Manfoush takes money from wealthy people and gives it to the needy ones.
(B) most international organizations regard Mr Manfoush as a generous person.
(C) some people are thankful to him for food supply and protection.
(D) Mr Manfoush’s militia is the only force now opposing the rebels in the region.
(E) Mr Manfoush takes money from wealthy people and gives it to the needy ones.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The comparison established between Mr. Manfoush and the legendary character Robin Hood in the fragment
A comparação estabelecida entre o Sr. Manfoush e o lendário personagem Robin Hood no fragmento
“People see him as a sort of Robin Hood character” (lines 73-74)
“As pessoas o veem como uma espécie de personagem de Robin Hood”
is due to the fact that
se deve ao fato de
(A) people don’t believe in his existence, as they think Robin Hood was a legend. – as pessoas não acreditam em sua existência, pois acham que Robin Hood era uma lenda.
(B) most international organizations regard Mr Manfoush as a generous person. – a maioria das organizações internacionais considera o Sr. Manfoush uma pessoa generosa.
(C) some people are thankful to him for food supply and protection. – algumas pessoas são gratas a ele pelo suprimento de comida e proteção.
(D) Mr Manfoush’s militia is the only force now opposing the rebels in the region. – A milícia do Sr. Manfoush é a única força que agora se opõe aos rebeldes na região.
(E) Mr Manfoush takes money from wealthy people and gives it to the needy ones. – O Sr. Manfoush tira dinheiro de pessoas ricas e dá para os necessitados.
(B) most international organizations regard Mr Manfoush as a generous person. – a maioria das organizações internacionais considera o Sr. Manfoush uma pessoa generosa.
(C) some people are thankful to him for food supply and protection. – algumas pessoas são gratas a ele pelo suprimento de comida e proteção.
(D) Mr Manfoush’s militia is the only force now opposing the rebels in the region. – A milícia do Sr. Manfoush é a única força que agora se opõe aos rebeldes na região.
(E) Mr Manfoush takes money from wealthy people and gives it to the needy ones. – O Sr. Manfoush tira dinheiro de pessoas ricas e dá para os necessitados.
11 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
Among the economic impacts generated by the war in Syria, the one which is NOT mentioned in the text is the
(A) decrease in financial reserves.
(B) devaluation of the Syrian pound.
(C) fall of the gross domestic product.
(D) appreciation of the national currency.
(E) disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
(B) devaluation of the Syrian pound.
(C) fall of the gross domestic product.
(D) appreciation of the national currency.
(E) disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
Among the economic impacts generated by the war in Syria, the one which is NOT mentioned in the text is the
Dentre os impactos econômicos gerados pela guerra na Síria, o que NÃO é mencionado no texto é o
(A) decrease in financial reserves. – diminuição das reservas financeiras.
(B) devaluation of the Syrian pound. – desvalorização da libra síria.
(C) fall of the gross domestic product. – queda do produto interno bruto.
(D) appreciation of the national currency. – valorização da moeda nacional.
(E) disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
(B) devaluation of the Syrian pound. – desvalorização da libra síria.
(C) fall of the gross domestic product. – queda do produto interno bruto.
(D) appreciation of the national currency. – valorização da moeda nacional.
(E) disintegration of the oil and gas sector.
– desintegração do setor de petróleo e gás.
12 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The sentence
“He is swimming with the sharks” (lines 93-94)
is used to refer to the fact that Mr. Manfoush will be
(A) forced to cooperate with the regime for as long as his collaboration is considered useful.
(B) paid large sums of money to help rebuild the devastated country and feed the impoverished population.
(C) compelled to share his profits with the Syrian businessmen who did not benefit from the war.
(D) requested to establish illicit connections with other war millionaires to survive in the new regime.
(E) hired by the Syrian government the moment the conflict is over and peace is restored.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The sentence
A sentença
“He is swimming with the sharks” (lines 93-94)
“Ele está nadando com os tubarões”
is used to refer to the fact that Mr. Manfoush will be
é usada para se referir ao fato de que o Sr. Manfoush será
(A) forced to cooperate with the regime for as long as his collaboration is considered useful. – forçado a cooperar com o regime enquanto a sua colaboração for considerada útil.
(B) paid large sums of money to help rebuild the devastated country and feed the impoverished population. – pagou grandes somas de dinheiro para ajudar a reconstruir o país devastado e alimentar a população empobrecida.
(C) compelled to share his profits with the Syrian businessmen who did not benefit from the war. – obrigado a dividir seus lucros com os empresários sírios que não se beneficiaram da guerra.
(D) requested to establish illicit connections with other war millionaires to survive in the new regime. – pediu para estabelecer conexões ilícitas com outros milionários de guerra para sobreviver no novo regime.
(E) hired by the Syrian government the moment the conflict is over and peace is restored. – contratado pelo governo sírio no momento em que o conflito termina e a paz é restaurada.
(A) forced to cooperate with the regime for as long as his collaboration is considered useful. – forçado a cooperar com o regime enquanto a sua colaboração for considerada útil.
(B) paid large sums of money to help rebuild the devastated country and feed the impoverished population. – pagou grandes somas de dinheiro para ajudar a reconstruir o país devastado e alimentar a população empobrecida.
(C) compelled to share his profits with the Syrian businessmen who did not benefit from the war. – obrigado a dividir seus lucros com os empresários sírios que não se beneficiaram da guerra.
(D) requested to establish illicit connections with other war millionaires to survive in the new regime. – pediu para estabelecer conexões ilícitas com outros milionários de guerra para sobreviver no novo regime.
(E) hired by the Syrian government the moment the conflict is over and peace is restored. – contratado pelo governo sírio no momento em que o conflito termina e a paz é restaurada.
13 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The expression "darkest hour" in the fragment
“their country’s darkest hour” (lines 103) makes reference to the
(A) enrichment of people like Manfoush.
(B) Civil War Syria has been undergoing.
(C) siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003.
(D) increase in the prices of food supplies.
(E) economic depression in the country.
(B) Civil War Syria has been undergoing.
(C) siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003.
(D) increase in the prices of food supplies.
(E) economic depression in the country.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The expression "darkest hour" in the fragment
A expressão "hora mais escura" no fragmento
“their country’s darkest hour” (lines 103) makes reference to the
“a hora mais escura de seu país” faz referência ao
(A) enrichment of people like Manfoush. – enriquecimento de pessoas como Manfoush.
(B) Civil War Syria has been undergoing. – A Guerra Civil que a Síria está passando.
(C) siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003. – cerco de Ghouta Oriental em 2003.
(D) increase in the prices of food supplies. – aumento dos preços dos alimentos.
(E) economic depression in the country. – depressão econômica no país.
(B) Civil War Syria has been undergoing. – A Guerra Civil que a Síria está passando.
(C) siege of Eastern Ghouta in 2003. – cerco de Ghouta Oriental em 2003.
(D) increase in the prices of food supplies. – aumento dos preços dos alimentos.
(E) economic depression in the country. – depressão econômica no país.
14 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
Based on the meanings of the words in the article, it can be said that
(A) “unremarkable” (line 3) can be replaced by outstanding.
(B) “ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas.
(C) “bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas.
(D) “dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms.
(E) “boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms.
(B) “ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas.
(C) “bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas.
(D) “dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms.
(E) “boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - THE MEANINGS OF THE WORDS IN THE TEXT :
Based on the meanings of the words in the article, it can be said that
Com base nos significados das palavras no artigo, pode-se dizer que
(A) “unremarkable” (line 3) can be replaced by outstanding. –
(B) “ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas. –
(C) “bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas. –
(D) “dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms. –
(E) “boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms.
(B) “ubiquitous” (line 7) and exceptional express similar ideas. –
(C) “bound to” (line 11) and subject to express opposite ideas. –
(D) “dwindling” (line 15) and diminishing are synonyms. –
(E) “boosted” (line 56) and incremented are antonyms.
–
15 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In terms of pronominal reference,
(A) “this” (line 12) refers to “wealth” (line 11).
(B) “its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
(C) “these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
(D) “those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
(E) “This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
(B) “its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
(C) “these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
(D) “those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
(E) “This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - PRONOMINAL REFERENCE :
In terms of pronominal reference,
Em termos de referência pronominal,
(A) “this” (line 12) refers to “wealth” (line 11).
➭ “this” (linha 12) se refere a “the regime’s preferred tactic of siege warfare” (linhas 11-12)”
(B) “its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
(B) “its” (line 21) refers to “regime” (line 19).
➭ “its” (linha 21) se refere a “Eastern Ghouta” (linha 18)
(C) “these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
(D) “those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
(C) “these (line 40) refers to “prices” (line 40).
(D) “those” (line 47) refers to “necessities” (line 46).
➭ “those” (linha 47) se refere a “profits” (linha 47)
(E) “This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
(E) “This” (line 59) refers to “currency” (line 59).
➭ “This” (linha 59) se refere à toda a frase anterior “Organisations funding bakeries and local
councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.” (linhas 57-59)
16 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In terms of numerical reference,
(A) “less than $1” (line 44) refers to amount charged by Mr. Manfoush for one kilo of sugar.
(B) “390,000” (line 45) refers to the number of people who had the right to import goods during the war.
(C) “$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods.
(D) “1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers.
(E) “$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush.
(B) “390,000” (line 45) refers to the number of people who had the right to import goods during the war.
(C) “$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods.
(D) “1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers.
(E) “$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - NUMERICAL REFERENCE :
In terms of numerical reference,
Em termos de referência numérica,
(A) “less than $1” (line 44) refers to amount charged by Mr. Manfoush for one kilo of sugar. – “menos de US$ 1” refere-se ao valor cobrado pelo Sr. Manfoush por um quilo de açúcar.
➭ “less than $1” refere-se ao valor cobrado por 1 quilo de açúcar em Damasco
(B) “390,000” (line 45) refers to the number of people who had the right to import goods during the war. – refere-se ao número de pessoas que tinham o direito de importar mercadorias durante a guerra.
➭ “390,000” refere-se ao mercado cativo que consome essas mercadorias.
(C) “$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods. – “$ 5.000” refere-se à quantia estimada de dinheiro ilegal pago por hora para aqueles que facilitam a circulação de mercadorias do Sr. Manfoush.
(D) “1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers. – “1.500” refere-se ao número de soldados pessoais do Sr. Manfoush.
(C) “$5,000” (line 54) refers to the estimated amount of illegal money hourly paid to those whose facilitate Mr. Manfoush’s circulation of goods. – “$ 5.000” refere-se à quantia estimada de dinheiro ilegal pago por hora para aqueles que facilitam a circulação de mercadorias do Sr. Manfoush.
(D) “1,500” (line 66) refers to the number of Mr. Manfoush´s personal soldiers. –
➭ “1,500” refere-se a quantia se refere
ao número de colaboradores do Sr. Manfoush que recebem até $250 por mês.
(E) “$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush. –“$ 250” (linha 66) refere-se ao valor exato pago mensalmente para aqueles que trabalham para o Sr. Manfoush.
(E) “$250” (line 66) refers to exact amount monthly paid to those who work for Mr. Manfoush. –
➭ “$250” refere-se ao teto máximo que, aproximadamente 1,500 colaboradores do Sr. Manfoush recebem por mês.
17 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
In the fragments
“Organisations funding bakeries and local councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.” (lines 57-59)”
and
“The government has financed its huge deficits by printing money and eating up its foreign reserves.” (lines 85-87),
rely on and eat up mean, respectively,
(A) count on – put aside
(B) depend on – preserve
(C) dismiss – devastate
(D) request – throw out
(E) put trust in – consume wholly
(B) depend on – preserve
(C) dismiss – devastate
(D) request – throw out
(E) put trust in – consume wholly
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - PRASAL VERBS :
“Organisations funding bakeries and local councils were forced to rely on him to transfer hard currency into Eastern Ghouta.”
"As organizações que financiam as padarias e os conselhos locais foram obrigadas a recorrer a ele para transferir moeda forte para Ghouta Oriental."
“The government has financed its huge deficits by printing money and eating up its foreign reserves.
“O governo financiou seus enormes déficits imprimindo dinheiro e consumindo suas reservas estrangeiras.”
rely on (CONFIAR EM, RECORRER A) and eat up (CONSUMIR COMPLETAMENTE) mean, respectively,
A) count on (CONTAR COM) – put aside (DEIXAR DE LADO)
(B) depend on (DEPENDER DE) – preserve (PRESERVAR)
(B) depend on (DEPENDER DE) – preserve (PRESERVAR)
(C) dismiss (DISPENSAR) – devastate (DEVASTAR)
(D) request (PEDIR) – throw out (REJEITAR)
(E) put trust in (CONFIAR) – consume wholly (CONSUMIR TOTALMENTE)
18 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The word in bold can be replaced by the word(s) in parentheses, without change in meaning, in
(A) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war…” – lines 91-92 (Although).
(B) “Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97-98 (on the other hand).
(C) “If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
(D) “…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
(E) “… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
(B) “Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97-98 (on the other hand).
(C) “If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
(D) “…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
(E) “… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The word in bold can be replaced by the word(s) in parentheses, without change in meaning, in
(A) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war…” – lines 91-92 (Although).
(B) “Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97-98 (on the other hand).
(C) “If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
(D) “…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
(E) “… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
(B) “Others, however, believe he will endure” - lines 97-98 (on the other hand).
(C) “If they do, they will be well placed to benefit from the reconstruction money…” - lines 100-101 (Since).
(D) “…that will flow once the war ends.” - lines 101-102 (given that).
(E) “… may thus be the ones who are paid to rebuild it.” – lines 103-104 (even though).
19 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The authors, in the original publication of this text, used the following paragraph to support one of their arguments.
“As the fighting dragged on, many of Syria’s big businessmen fled, moving their assets abroad. Those who remained, mostly the owners of smaller firms, have filled the vacuum. The services they provide vary, but most involve facilitating the flow of goods into regime-held areas. Others have helped the regime skirt sanctions, establishing front companies that import fuel, food and luxury items.”
This paragraph fits in immediately before the paragraph that starts in
(A) “Foreign aid further boosted Mr. Manfoush’s profits.” (lines 56-57)
(B) “Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63)
(C) “Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.”(lines 71-73)
(D) “The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81)
(E) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
(B) “Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63)
(C) “Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.”(lines 71-73)
(D) “The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81)
(E) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The authors, in the original publication of this text, used the following paragraph to support one of their arguments.
Os autores, na publicação original deste texto, utilizaram o seguinte parágrafo para apoiar um dos seus argumentos.
“As the fighting dragged on, many of Syria’s big businessmen fled, moving their assets abroad. Those who remained, mostly the owners of smaller firms, have filled the vacuum. The services they provide vary, but most involve facilitating the flow of goods into regime-held areas. Others have helped the regime skirt sanctions, establishing front companies that import fuel, food and luxury items.”
"À medida que os combates se arrastavam, muitos dos grandes empresários sírios fugiram, transferindo os seus activos para o estrangeiro. Os que ficaram, na sua maioria proprietários de pequenas empresas, preencheram o vazio. Os serviços que prestam variam, mas a maioria envolve a facilitação do fluxo de mercadorias para as zonas controladas pelo regime. Outros ajudaram o regime a contornar as sanções, criando empresas de fachada que importam combustível, alimentos e artigos de luxo."
This paragraph fits in immediately before the paragraph that starts in
Este parágrafo insere-se imediatamente antes do parágrafo que começa em
Este parágrafo insere-se imediatamente antes do parágrafo que começa em
(A) “Foreign aid further boosted Mr. Manfoush’s profits.” (lines 56-57) – “A ajuda externa aumentou ainda mais os lucros do Sr. Manfoush.”
(B) “Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63) – "As estimativas da riqueza do Sr. Manfoush variam."
(C) “Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.”(lines 71-73) – “Além de seu corte, o regime também ganhou um certo grau de silêncio da parte do Sr. Manfoush em Ghouta Oriental.”
(D) “The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81) – “A nova elite empresarial não apenas ganha dinheiro com os cercos, mas com o colapso econômico geral.”
(E) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
(B) “Estimates of Mr. Manfoush’s wealth vary.” (line 63) – "As estimativas da riqueza do Sr. Manfoush variam."
(C) “Aside from its cut, the regime has also won a degree of quiet from Mr Manfoush’s part of Eastern Ghouta.”(lines 71-73) – “Além de seu corte, o regime também ganhou um certo grau de silêncio da parte do Sr. Manfoush em Ghouta Oriental.”
(D) “The new business elite does not just make money from the sieges, but from the general economic breakdown.” (lines 79-81) – “A nova elite empresarial não apenas ganha dinheiro com os cercos, mas com o colapso econômico geral.”
(E) “Whether Mr. Manfoush and his kind retain their wealth after the war will depend on how the conflict plays out and on the peace that follows.” (lines 91-93)
– "Se o Sr. Manfoush e sua espécie reterão sua riqueza após a guerra, dependerá de como o conflito se desenrolará e da paz que se seguirá."
20 – (PUC-RIO-2018-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)
The title of the article – “Dairy Godfathers” – implies that
(A) the author highlights the religious aspects which are discussed in the text.
(B) Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country.
(C) the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion.
(D) the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria.
(E) the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria.
(B) Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country.
(C) the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion.
(D) the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria.
(E) the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The title of the article – “Dairy Godfathers” – implies that
O título do artigo – “Dairy Godfathers” – dá a entender que
(A) the author highlights the religious aspects which are discussed in the text. – o autor destaca os aspectos religiosos que são discutidos no texto.
(B) Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country. – Os sírios precisam da proteção de líderes religiosos para sobreviver à guerra civil no país.
(C) the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion. – a tradicional máfia americana está operando na Síria, devido à convulsão social da guerra civil.
(D) the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria. – o autor estabelece uma comparação entre as culturas cristã e muçulmana na Síria.
(E) the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria. – a atitude do autor é a de considerar o Sr. Manfoush o chefe de uma organização criminosa na Síria.
(B) Syrians need the protection of religious leaders to survive the civil war in the country. – Os sírios precisam da proteção de líderes religiosos para sobreviver à guerra civil no país.
(C) the traditional American mob is operating in Syria, due to the civil war social convulsion. – a tradicional máfia americana está operando na Síria, devido à convulsão social da guerra civil.
(D) the author establishes a comparison between the Christian and the Muslin cultures in Syria. – o autor estabelece uma comparação entre as culturas cristã e muçulmana na Síria.
(E) the author’s attitude is the one of regarding Mr.Manfoush as the head of a criminal organization in Syria. – a atitude do autor é a de considerar o Sr. Manfoush o chefe de uma organização criminosa na Síria.
❑ GODFATHER - PADRINHO - o líder de um grupo criminoso, especialmente uma família mafiosa.
❑ DAIRY(adjective) - LEITEIRO - usado para se referir a vacas que são usadas para produzir leite, em vez de carne, ou a alimentos feitos de leite, como creme, manteiga e queijo.
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