UFU – 2017 – VESTIBULAR NACIONAL – 2ª FASE – DISCURSIVA – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE UBERLÂNDIA – PROVA.

❑ Welcome back to another post!

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UFU-2017/2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA-04/06/2017.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – | Coca-Cola Is Adding Fiber to Coke. Does That Make It Healthy? | http://time.com |

➭ Text (2) – | Ancient-human genomes plucked from cave dirt | www.nature.com |

➭ Text (3) – | Programming as a Way of Thinking | https://blogs.scientificamerican.com |

➭ Text (4) – Stressed out: providing laboratory animals with behavioral control to reduce the physiological effects of stress | www.labanimal.com |

❑ TEXT 1:

Coca-Cola Is Adding Fiber to Coke. Does That Make It Healthy? 

by Cynthia Sass

When I heard about Coca-Cola Plus, a zero-calorie Coke with added fiber, I thought it was an April Fool’s joke   somehow missed. Especially when the company claimed this ridiculous product is meant for a "health-conscious consumer."  

According to Coca-Cola, one Coke Plus a day — which is currently available only in Japan — can help "suppress fat absorption" and "moderate the levels of triglycerides in the blood." Even if a double-blind study comparing Coke Plus to a placebo supported these claims, I still wouldn’t recommend the soda. 

First of all, the added fiber is bundled with an artificial sweetener, and artificial sweeteners can wreak havoc in the body. Studies suggest they may increase sweet cravings, alter gut bacteria, potentially induce glucose intolerance, raise stroke and dementia risk, and modify metabolism in ways that increase body fat.
Disponível em: <http://time.com/4758424/coca-cola-plus-coke-fiber/?xid=homepage>. Acesso em: 24 abr. 2017. 
RESPONDA A QUESTÃO EM INGLÊS. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.

👉 1ª QUESTÃO      
Based on the text, answer the following questions: 
A) How would you describe Coca-Cola Plus?
B) What are some of the possible effects of artificial sweeteners in soft drinks?
👍 Resposta  (A) 
How would you describe Coca-Cola Plus?
➦
👍 Resposta  (B) 
What are some of the possible effects of artificial sweeteners in soft drinks?
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❑ TEXT 2:

Ancient-human genomes plucked from cave dirt

by Ewen Callaway

Bones and teeth aren’t the only ways to learn about extinct human relatives. For the first time, researchers have recovered ancient-human DNA without having obvious remains — just dirt from the caves the hominins lived in. The technique opens up a new way to probe prehistory. From sediments in European and Asian caves, a team led by geneticist Viviane Slon and molecular biologist Matthias Meyer, both at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, sequenced genomes of cell structures called mitochondria from Neanderthals and another hominin group, the Denisovans.  

Slon and Meyer are not the first to decode ancient dirt. Palaeogeneticist Eske Willerslev of the Natural History Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen pioneered the approach in 2003, to find out about the plants and animals that populated prehistoric environments. Using the technique, he and his team revealed that Greenland was once richly forested. But Slon and Meyer are the first to use the technique on hominin DNA.

Disponível em:

http://www.nature.com/news/ancient-human-genomes-plucked-from-cave-dirt-1.21910>.

Acesso em: 24 abr. 2017.

RESPONDA A QUESTÃO EM INGLÊS. RESPOSTAS EM PORTUGUÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.

👉 2ª QUESTÃO      

Based on the text, answer the following questions:  

A) What technique did the German scientists use to sequence genomes of the Denisovans?

B) How do the two discoveries mentioned in the text differ?
👍 Resposta  (A) 
What technique did the German scientists use to sequence genomes of the Denisovans?
➦
👍 Resposta  (B) 
How do the two discoveries mentioned in the text differ?
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❑ TEXT 3:

Programming as a Way of Thinking

by Allen Downey

In first generation languages like FORTRAN and C, the burden was on programmers to translate high-level concepts into code. With modern programming languages —  ’ll use Python as an example — we use functions, objects, modules, and libraries to extend the language, and that doesn’t just make programs better, it changes what programming is. 

Programming used to be about translation: expressing ideas in natural language, working with them in math notation, then writing flowcharts and pseudocode, and finally writing a program. Translation was necessary because each language offers different capabilities. Natural language is expressive and readable, pseudocode is more precise, math notation is concise, and code is executable. But the price of translation is that we are limited to the subset of ideas we can express effectively in each language.  

The power of modern programming languages is that they are expressive, readable, concise, precise, and executable. That means we can eliminate middleman languages and use one language to explore, learn, teach, and think.
Disponível em: <https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/programming-as-a-way-of-thinking/>. Acesso em: 28 Mar. 2017.
RESPONDA A QUESTÃO EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM INGLÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.
👉 3ª QUESTÃO    
Based on the text, answer the following questions:
A) What steps did first generation programmers have to follow in order to write a program? 
B) What makes modern programming languages more efficient?
👍 Resposta  (A) 
What steps did first generation programmers have to follow in order to write a program?
➦
👍 Resposta  (B) 
What makes modern programming languages more efficient?
➦
❑ TEXT 4:

Stressed out: providing laboratory animals with behavioral control to reduce the physiological effects of stress

by Brianna N. Gaskill and Joseph P. Garner

Laboratory animals experience a large amount of environmental stress. An animal’s environment can include both physiological and social stressors that may require an animal to adapt to maintain allostatic balance. For example, thermal stress can lead to changes in behavior, reproduction and immune function, which has been detrimental to cancer modeling in mice. Chronic uncontrollable stress is widely acknowledged for its negative alterations to physiology. However, there is a lack in the understanding of how the laboratory environment affects animal physiology and behavior, particularly as it relates to characteristics of the human disease being modeled. Given the evidence on how stressors affect physiology, it is clear that efforts to model human physiology in animal models must consider animal stress as a confounding factor. We present evidence illustrating that providing captive animals with control or predictability is the best way to reduce the negative physiological effects of these difficult-to-manage stressors.
Disponível em: <http://www.labanimal.com/laban/journal/v46/n4/pdf/laban.1218.pdf>. Acesso em: 28 Mar. 2017.
RESPONDA A QUESTÃO EM PORTUGUÊS. RESPOSTAS EM INGLÊS NÃO SERÃO ACEITAS.
👉 4ª QUESTÃO      
Based on the text, answer the following questions: 
A) Why do Gaskill and Garner consider important to study physiological effects of stress on laboratory animals?
B) Is the statement “Gaskill and Garner believe environmental stress can be eliminated in laboratory animals", right or wrong? Justify your answer.

👍 Resposta  (A) 
Why do Gaskill and Garner consider important to study physiological effects of stress on laboratory animals?
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👍 Resposta  (B) 
Is the statement “Gaskill and Garner believe environmental stress can be eliminated in laboratory animals", right or wrong? Justify your answer.
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