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FURG/ILA — 2012 — PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA EM LEITURA DE TEXTOS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE – INSTITUTO DE LETRAS E ARTES – PROVA COM GABARITO COMENTADO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAFURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA EM LEITURA DE TEXTOS-09/07/2012.
 ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ Text  – Our friends in the South – The Economist.
 7 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➭ 3 Written Questions.
➧ TEXT:

Our friends in the South

1     BRAZIL has probably never mattered more to America than it does now. America has
2 probably never mattered less to Brazil. Not that relations are bad between the two countries – far from
3 it; they are increasingly cordial and productive. But America has finally, belatedly, woken up to the
4 fact there is a vast, stable country to its south as well as its north; a country, moreover, with a fast
5 growing and voraciously consuming middle class that seems to offer salvation to American businesses
6 struggling in a moribund domestic market. Brazil, meanwhile, neither needs loans from American
7 dominated global financial institutions, nor is it otherwise beholden to the country. The United States
8 is no longer even its biggest trading partner. China took that spot in 2009.
9     A more balanced relationship may be a more fruitful one too. Since Barack Obama’s visit to
10 Rio de Janeiro and Brasília last year, America has delighted Brazil by removing import tariffs on its
11 ethanol and piloting a scheme to make it easier for Brazilians to get visas – two long-standing
12 bugbears. Brazil’s president, Dilma Rousseff, makes a return visit to Washington in the coming week,
13 and there is much to talk about still. What Brazil wants from America above all is endorsement for a
14 seat on the UN Security Council. Britain has already backed its bid, and during his visit to Brazil Mr
15 Obama made baby steps in the same direction, acknowledging Brazil’s “aspiration”, though stopping
16 short of full support.
17     That support is unlikely to be forthcoming, at least in the near future. Though Brazil is hardly
18 geopolitically troublesome, its worldview – a hard-to-pin-down blend of pragmatism, relativism and a
19 seemingly indiscriminate willingness to be friends with everyone – is unappealing to the United
20 States. The previous president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, was flexible enough to be “my man” to
21 Barack Obama and “our brother” to Fidel Castro. In 2010 Lula stuck his neck out trying to co-broker,
22 with Turkey, an anti-proliferation agreement with Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. That
23 infuriated countries far more important to Brazil’s strategic interests, and left Lula looking silly when
24 Mr Ahmedinejad made no concessions in return. Ms Rousseff has rowed back from that friendship,
25 but it reinforced an impression that Brazil is unpredictable and naive.
26     Mr Obama will surely want to know, too, what exactly Brazil means by its big new foreign
27 policy idea. That is to complement the UN’s justification for intervention in another country’s affairs
28 under the rubric “Responsibility to Protect” with “Responsibility while Protecting” after it has gone in.
29 Since Brazil tends not to support going in in the first place, when would it want to see this new
30 responsibility kick in? Even some experienced and sympathetic diplomatic observers in Brasília say
31 they have no idea what concrete difference this would make on the ground.
32     For America, trade, not diplomacy, will surely be top of the agenda. Judging from the number
33 of American investors turning up in São Paulo every week, Mr Obama must hear about the glowing
34 opportunities Brazil presents in just about every time he meets businessfolk. But with the most
35 overvalued currency of any big economy, Brazil’s own industrialists are prodding the government to
36 keep imports out. It has hiked already-high tariffs on many imports even further, and is taxing foreign
37 currency inflows increasingly heavily to keep out speculative inflows. Brazil has made it clear it only
38 wants long-term investment, and is only interested in foreign businesses that are willing to make
39 whatever it is they want to sell in Brazil.
40     If Mr Obama tries to argue for freer trade, he will get short shrift. Both Ms Rousseff and her
41 finance minister, Guido Mantega, regard the floods of cheap money being pumped out by the Fed and
42 the European Central Bank as a far worse trade distortion than Brazilian barriers, which they term
43 “safeguards” rather than “protectionism”. Brazil’s drift towards protectionism is in fact becoming a
44 problem for its own economy. But that is an argument for another day. Mr Obama will surely be aware
45 there is still a lot of mileage to be got out of helping American companies to set up shop in Brazil.

Referências
Our friends in the South. In: The Economist. Abril de 2012.Disponível em <http://www.economist.com>. Acesso em: 07 de abril de 2012.

01 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Conforme Our friends in the South, publicado na versão online da revista The Economist,

I – as relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos têm melhorado nos últimos tempos.

II – o consumo da classe média é o grande responsável pelo crescimento do Brasil.

III – o Brasil pode auxiliar na recuperação do mercado doméstico norte-americano.

(A) I, II e III estão corretas.
(B) Apenas I e II estão corretas.
(C) Apenas I e III estão corretas.
(D) Apenas I está correta.
(E) Apenas III está correta.

__Gabarito:  (C)__
I – as relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos têm melhorado nos últimos tempos.
CORRETA, conforme o trecho:
"[...] BRAZIL has probably never mattered more to America than it does now. America has probably never mattered less to Brazil. Not that relations are bad between the two countries – far from it; they are increasingly cordial and productive."
➭ O BRASIL provavelmente nunca deu importância tanto para a América do que agora. A América provavelmente nunca importou menos para o Brasil. Não que as relações entre os dois países sejam ruins – longe disso; elas(relações) estão cada vez mais cordiais e produtivos.
➭ TO MATTER (verb)  IMPORTAR, DAR IMPORTÂNCIA À ALGO, PREOCUPAR. – It matters to me that my children should be polite to adults. – É importante para mim que meus filhos sejam educados com os adultos. [Cambridge Dictionary]
➭ MATTER (noun)  MATÉRIA, MATERIAL, SUBSTÂNCIA ou IMPORTÂNCIA, IMPORTA.
➭ INCREASINGLY (= MORE AND MORE) – MAIS E MAIS, CADA VEZ MAIS.
II – o consumo da classe média é o grande responsável pelo crescimento do Brasil.
➭ INCORRETA. Não está relatado no texto que o consumo da classe média é o grande responsável pelo crescimento do Brasil. O autor afirma que a classe média brasileira em rápido crescimento e consumo voraz, aparenta oferecer salvação às empresas norte-americanas que lutam em um mercado interno moribundo, conforme o trecho:
➭ "[...] But America has finally, belatedly, woken up to the fact there is a vast, stable country to its south as well as its north; a country, moreover, with a fast growing and voraciously consuming middle class that seems to offer salvation to American businesses struggling in a moribund domestic market."
➭ Mas a América finalmente, tardiamente, acordou para o fato de que existe um país vasto e estável tanto ao sul quanto ao norte; um país, além disso, com uma classe média em rápido crescimento e vorazmente consumidora que aparenta oferecer salvação às empresas americanas que lutam em um mercado norte-americano enfraquecido.
MORIBUND  MORIBUNDO, ENFRAQUECIDO, INATIVO AGONIZANTE. – (especially of an organization or business) not active or successful).
➭ DOMESTIC  DOMÉSTICO, INTERNO, NACIONAL – (especially of an organization or business) not active or successful).
➭ "A MORIBUND DOMESTIC MARKET"  UM MERCADO NACIONAL ENFRAQUECIDO ou no contexto UM MERCADO NORTE-AMERICANO ENFRAQUECIDO. – Expressão pouquíssima utilizada nos textos acadêmicos. 
III – o Brasil pode auxiliar na recuperação do mercado doméstico norte-americano.
➭ CORRETA, conforme o trecho:
➭ "[...] a country, moreover, with a fast growing and voraciously consuming middle class that seems to offer salvation to American businesses struggling in a moribund domestic market."
➭ um país, além disso, com uma classe média em rápido crescimento e vorazmente consumidora que aparenta oferecer salvação às empresas americanas que lutam em um mercado interno moribundo.
➭ FAST-GROWING (adjective) –  EM RÁPIDO CRESCIMENTO, ACELERADO.
➭ MIDDLE CLASS (noun) –  CLASSE MÉDIA - forma outros grupos nominais muito frequentes.

02 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Ainda de acordo com o texto, é possível afirmar que:

(A) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos reduziram as tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.
(B) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos aumentaram as tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.
(C) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos reduziram as tarifas de exportação do etanol americano.
(D) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos aumentaram as tarifas de importação do etanol americano.
(E) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos abriram mão das tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.

__Gabarito:  (E)__
 O texto foi publicado abril de 2012 e a questão refere-se sobre um evento em 2011. Então, a palavra chave no texto é "LAST YEAR" localizada no trecho:
➭ "[...] Since Barack Obama’s visit to Rio de Janeiro and Brasília last year, America has delighted Brazil by removing import tariffs on its ethanol and piloting a scheme to make it easier for Brazilians to get visas – two long-standing bugbears.
➭ Desde a visita de Barack Obama ao Rio de Janeiro e a Brasília no ano passado, os Estados Unidos agradaram ao Brasil ao remover as tarifas de importação do seu etanol e ao comandar um esquema para tornar mais fácil para os brasileiros obter vistos – duas perturbações antigas.
IDEIA CONTEXTUALEm 2011, os Estados Unidos  REMOVERAM as tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro, ou seja, ABRIRAM MÃO DAS TARIFAS DE IMPORTAÇÃO DO ETANOL.

➭ RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

Ainda de acordo com o texto, é possível afirmar que:

(A) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos reduziram as tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.
(B) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos aumentaram as tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.
(C) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos reduziram as tarifas de exportação do etanol americano.
(D) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos aumentaram as tarifas de importação do etanol americano.
(E) Em 2011, os Estados Unidos abriram mão das tarifas de importação do etanol brasileiro.
➭ VOCABULÁRIO:
➭ TO DELIGHT  –  AGRADAR, DEMONSTRAR CORTESIA.
➭ IMPORT TARIFFS ON – TARIFAS DE IMPORTAÇÃO  DO(S) / DA(S).
➭ PILOTING A SCHEME TO –  COMANDAR/COMANDANDO UM ESQUEMA PARA...
➭ TO GET VISAS TO ... –  OBTER VISTO PARA...
➭ BUGBEAR – PERTURBAÇÃO, PESADELO  a particular thing that annoys or upsets you. [Cambridge Dictionary]
➭ LONG-STANDING – DE LONGA DATA, ANTIGO  having existed for a long time. [Cambridge Dictionary]
➭ LONG-STANDING BUGBEARS – PERTURBAÇÕES DE LONGA DATA, PERTURBAÇÕES ANTIGAS.  Expressão raramente utilizada nos textos acadêmicos.

03 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Para o (a) autor (a) de Our friends in the South, os Estados Unidos:

(A) apoiam a entrada do Brasil no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas.
(B) não parecem satisfeitos com a política de boa vizinhança adotada pelo Brasil.
(C) pretendem boicotar qualquer tentativa de entrada do Brasil nas Nações Unidas.
(D) apregoam a imagem de um Brasil ingênuo e imprevisível em suas relações externas.
(E) defendem a intervenção internacional nas políticas públicas adotadas no Brasil.

__Gabarito:  (B)__

Para o (a) autor (a) de Our friends in the South, os Estados Unidos:

(A) apoiam a entrada do Brasil no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas.
INCORRETA. Segundo o autor, a Grã-Bretanha já apoiou a entrada do Brasil no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas. Entretanto, em relação aos EUA, o Brasil não tem apoio total, conforme o trecho:
➭ "[...] What Brazil wants from America above all is endorsement for a seat on the UN Security Council. Britain has already backed its bid, and during his visit to Brazil Mr Obama made baby steps in the same direction, acknowledging Brazil’s “aspiration”, though stopping short of full support.
➭ O que o Brasil quer dos Estados Unidos, acima de tudo, é o endosso para um assento no Conselho de Segurança da ONU. A Grã-Bretanha já apoiou sua candidatura e, durante sua visita ao Brasil, Obama deu passos de bebê na mesma direção, reconhecendo a “aspiração” do Brasil, embora não tenha o apoio total..

(B) não parecem satisfeitos com a política de boa vizinhança adotada pelo Brasil.
➭ CORRETA conforme o trecho (linha 17):
➭ "[...] Though Brazil is hardly geopolitically troublesome, its worldview – a hard-to-pin-down blend of pragmatism, relativism and a seemingly indiscriminate willingness to be friends with everyone – is unappealing to the United States.
➭ Embora o Brasil quase nunca seja problemático geopoliticamente, sua visão de mundo – uma mistura DIFICILMENTE PERCEPTÍVEL de pragmatismo, relativismo e uma vontade aparentemente indiscriminada de ser amigo de todos – não é interessante para os Estados Unidos.
➭ UNAPPEALING (= not attractive or interesting) – POUCO  ATRAENTE, NÃO ATRATIVO, NÃO INTERESSANTE.
➭ HARDLY (= almost no; almost not; almost none, certainly not) – QUASE NÃO, QUASE NUNCA, RARAMENTE, MAL,
➭ TROUBLESOME (= causing worry or anxiety) –  PROBLEMÁTICO, COMPLICADO, CONTROVERSO, PREOCUPANTE.
➭ HARD TO PIN DOWN (= causing worry or anxiety) –  DIFÍCIL DE DEFINIR, DIFICILMENTE PERCEPTÍVEL.
➭ WORLDVIEW (= the way someone thinks about the world) –  VISÃO DE MUNDO, COMPREENSÃO DO MUNDO, COSMOVISÃO.

(C) pretendem boicotar qualquer tentativa de entrada do Brasil nas Nações Unidas.
➭ INCORRETA. O autor não menciona TO BOYCOTT (boicotar). Foi relatado que os Estados Unidos não expressa interesse na entrada do Brasil no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas.
(D) apregoam a imagem de um Brasil ingênuo e imprevisível em suas relações externas.
➭ INCORRETA. conforme o trecho:
"[...] In 2010 Lula stuck his neck out trying to co-broker, with Turkey, an anti-proliferation agreement with Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. That infuriated countries far more important to Brazil’s strategic interests, and left Lula looking silly when Mr Ahmedinejad made no concessions in return. Ms Rousseff has rowed back from that friendship, but it reinforced an impression that Brazil is unpredictable and naive."
➭ Em 2010, Lula se esforçou para tentar co-intermediar, com a Turquia, um acordo antiproliferação com o presidente do Irã, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Isso enfureceu países muito mais importantes para os interesses estratégicos do Brasil e deixou Lula parecendo bobo quando Ahmedinejad não fez concessões em troca. Dilma Rousseff voltou atrás nessa relação, mas reforçou a impressão de que o Brasil é imprevisível e ingênuo.
➭ Na visão do autor, Dilma Rousseff reforçou a impressão de que o Brasil é imprevisível e ingênuo para o presidente do Irã, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad e não para os Estados Unidos.

(E) defendem a intervenção internacional nas políticas públicas adotadas no Brasil.
➭ INCORRETA. O autor não faz menção de:
 government, ministerial, official, state, external, foreign, outside, armed, military INTERVENTION.

04 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

No corpo do texto, they (linha 3), his (linha 14) e its (linha 18) referem-se a:

(A) relations – Mr Obama – Brazil.
(B) countries – Mr Obama – Brazil.
(C) countries – Britain – worldview.
(D) relations – Brazil – worldview.
(E) countries – Brazil – worldview.

__Gabarito:  (A)__
➭ O pronome pessoal THEY refere-se a RELATIONS:
"[...] Not that relations are bad between the two countries – far from it; they are increasingly cordial and productive.
(Não que as relações entre os dois países sejam ruins – longe disso; ELAS (RELAÇÕES) estão cada vez mais cordiais e produtivos.)
➭ O adjetivo possessivo masculino HIS qualifica posse ao substantivo VISIT e refere-se ao substantivo "Mr Obama":
"[...] and during his visit to Brazil Mr Obama made baby steps in the same direction,
(e durante sua visita ao Brasil, o Sr. Obama deu passos de bebê na mesma direção,)
➭ O adjetivo possessivo ITS qualifica posse ao substantivo WORDVIEW e refere-se ao substantivo Brazil:
"[...] Though Brazil is hardly geopolitically troublesome, its worldview....
(Não que as relações entre os dois países sejam ruins – longe disso; ELAS (RELAÇÕES) estão cada vez mais cordiais e produtivos.)

05 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

prodding (linha 35), hiked (linha 36) e currency (linha 37) significam, respectivamente:

(a) encorajando – escalou – corrente.
(b) proibindo – escalou – moeda.
(c) proibindo – aumentou – moeda.
(d) encorajando – aumentou – corrente.
(e) encorajando – aumentou – moeda.

__Gabarito:  (E)__
➭ TRECHO CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] But with the most overvalued currency of any big economy, Brazil’s own industrialists are prodding the government to keep imports out. It has hiked already-high tariffs on many imports even further, and is taxing foreign currency inflows increasingly heavily to keep out speculative inflows."
(Mas com a moeda mais sobrevalorizada de todas as grandes economias, os próprios industriais brasileiros estão ENCORAJANDO o governo manter IMPORTAÇÕES fora. O governo AUMENTOU ainda mais as tarifas já elevadas sobre muitas importações e está tributando intensamente cada vez mais as entradas de MOEDA estrangeira para impedir os fluxos especulativos.)
TO PROD (= is to encourage someone to take action) - ENCORAJAR, INCENTIVAR, ESTIMULAR.
➭ TO HIKE TARIFFS - AUMENTAR TARIFAS, SUBIR AS TARIFAS.
➭ CURRENCY (= money used in a particular country) - MOEDA, DINHEIRO.
➭ FOREIGN CURRENCY INFLOWS - ENTRADAS DE MOEDA ESTRANGEIRA, ENTRADAS DE DINHEIRO ESTRANGEIRO.
 
06 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Na linha 40, a expressão get short shrift sugere que:

(A) Barack Obama receberá apoio incondicional do governo brasileiro.
(B) Barack Obama defenderá a liberdade de comércio dos EUA.
(C) Barack Obama discutirá a liberdade de comércio do Brasil.
(D) Barack Obama receberá pouca atenção do governo brasileiro.
(E) Barack Obama argumentará a favor da liberdade de comércio. 

__Gabarito:  (D)__
➭ TRECHO CONTEXTUAL:
"[...] If Mr Obama tries to argue for freer trade, he will get short shrift.
Se Obama tentar defender um comércio mais livre, receberá pouca atenção.
➭ GET SHORT SHRIFT (= be treated without sympathy and given little attention) - SER TRATADO SEM CONDOLÊNCIA, RECEBER POUCA ATENÇÃO.
07 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Na intenção de evitar a especulação, o governo brasileiro:

(A) impõe taxação elevada ao fluxo de moeda estrangeira no país.
(B) declara o interesse do país em investimentos de longo prazo.
(C) reduz tarifas referentes à entrada de divisas estrangeiras no país.
(D) adota medidas protecionistas criticadas ao redor de todo mundo.
(E) adota medidas protecionistas criticadas pelos Estados Unidos.

__Gabarito:  (A)__

➭ TRECHO CONTEXTUAL SOBRE ESPECULAÇÃO:
"[...] But with the most overvalued currency of any big economy, Brazil’s own industrialists are prodding the government to keep imports out. It has hiked already-high tariffs on many imports even further, and is taxing foreign currency inflows increasingly heavily to keep out speculative inflows."
(Mas com a moeda mais sobrevalorizada de todas as grandes economias, os próprios industriais brasileiros estão ENCORAJANDO o governo manter IMPORTAÇÕES fora. O governo AUMENTOU ainda mais as tarifas já elevadas sobre muitas importações e está tributando intensamente cada vez mais as entradas de MOEDA estrangeira para impedir os FLUXOS ESPECULATIVOS.)

08 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

De acordo com as informações citadas no texto, que acontecimento causou desconforto internacional para Lula no ano de 2010?

__RESPOSTA__

As relações estabelecidas pelo presidente Lula com a Turquia e o acordo anti proliferação com o presidente do Iraque.

09 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

Escreva o excerto abaixo em Português: (1,0)

Both Ms Rousseff and her finance minister, Guido Mantega, regard the floods of cheap money being pumped out by the Fed and the European Central Bank as a far worse trade distortion than Brazilian barriers, which they term “safeguards” rather than “protectionism”. (linhas 40-43).

__RESPOSTA__

Tanto Dilma Rousseff quanto seu ministro da Fazenda, Guido Mantega, consideram as enxurradas de dinheiro barato que estão sendo bombeadas pelo Fed e pelo Banco Central Europeu como uma distorção comercial muito pior do que as barreiras brasileiras, que eles chamam de "salvaguardas" em vez de "protecionismo".

10 – (FURG/ILA-2012-PROVA DE PROFICIÊNCIA)

No espaço abaixo, elabore um parágrafo no qual a ideia principal do texto é resumida. Fatos, pessoas e instituições envolvidas devem ser citados.

__RESPOSTA__

Nunca os Estados Unidos se interessaram tanto pelo Brasil quanto se interessam agora. E nunca o Brasil se interessou tão pouco pelos Estados Unidos como agora. Quem precisa do borbulhante mercado ascendente do Brasil é a anêmica indústria americana. E o Brasil não precisa mais do mercado nem dos bancos americanos !

FGV/VESTIBULAR–2022.1–UNIFICADO–1º SEMESTRE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
•  FGV/VESTIBULAR-2022.1-UNIFICADO-1º SEMESTRE.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

 TEXTORead the text to answer questions 16 and 17.

Electric vehicles are an important part of countries’ efforts to address climate change. In the U.S., for example, gas-powered vehicles are the biggest single source of greenhouse gases, producing more than a quarter of the country’s total emissions. “A rapid shift from fossil-fueled combustion engines to electric vehicles is an essential step toward mitigating climate change,” says Coral Davenport, nytimes reporter on environmental issues. “You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.” The U.S. is moving to strengthen pollution standards as well.

The country’s push is also an attempt to keep American industry competitive. Europe and China are using regulations and subsidies for automakers to bolster electric vehicles. Europe has proposed banning sales of gas-powered cars by 2035. Chinese automakers are expanding, with government help, into new markets around the world.
(www.nytimes.com, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)

16 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the fragment from the first paragraph “You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.”, the underlined term refers to
(A) gas-powered vehicles.
(B) greenhouse gases.
(C) fossil-fueled combustion engines.
(D) pollution standards.
(E) the country’s total emissions.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
In the fragment from the first paragraph “You can’t solve climate change without getting rid of them.”, the underlined term refers to
(A) gas-powered vehicles.
(B) greenhouse gases.
(C) fossil-fueled combustion engines.
(D) pollution standards.
(E) the country’s total emissions.

17 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the fragment from the second paragraph “Europe and China are using regulations and subsidies for automakers to bolster electric vehicles”, the underlined term can be replaced, without affecting the sentence’s meaning, by
(A) stimulate.
(B) produce.
(C) design.
(D) launch.
(E) prioritise.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

18 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
One of the most exciting things about today's business environment is the ever-increasing range of collaborative opportunities that technology is bringing to the table. This has only been accelerated by the covid pandemic, which has necessitated a complete rethink of the concept of how we conduct meetings, how we contribute to projects or products and how we interact with our subordinates, peers and managers. ‘Work’ can now potentially be conducted from anywhere and at any time, meaning increased flexibility for employees, and in many cases increased output due to the lack of 'down time' commuting or having to take time off for domestic commitments that can now be managed simultaneously with office duties.
(www.newsweek.com, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)
The paragraph mentions the following feature of today’s business settings:
(A) stimulate.more open and flexible interpersonal relations.
(B) stimulate. cutting edge uses of technology.
(C) stimulate. increased down time for handling off-work activities.
(D) stimulate. the adequate balance between home and office commitments.
(E) stimulate. a redefinition of collaborative paradigms.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

 TEXTORead the text to answer questions 19 and 20.
Many feel as if the covid-19 pandemic is stealing their present and jeopardising their future. But this unprecedented global public health emergency is also precipitating the destruction of our past, one piece at a time. Indeed, the pandemic has exacerbated the theft and trafficking of antiquities and historical manuscripts, eroding our collective memory and ability to share it with future generations. Although the theft of antiquities has been a problem since antiquity itself, its pace has increased during the pandemic, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa — areas rich in heritage sites.
(Hamad Bin Abdulaziz Al-Kuwari. www.aljazeera.com, 30.07.2021. Adapted.)

19 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
According to the writer,
(A) covid-19 is robbing people of their expectations about the present and the future.
(B) both the pandemic and the trafficking of relics are to be seen as global emergencies.
(C) the pandemic has facilitated anti-ethical and even illegal attitudes, individual as well as collective ones.
(D) the stealing of antiquities should not surprise us since it is a practice as old as civilization.
(E) the theft of historical objects and documents has helped compromise humanity’s collective memory.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
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20 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the fragment “this unprecedented global public health emergency”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) undesired.
(B) unparalleled.
(C) unanticipated.
(D) unmanageable.
(E) unequivocal.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
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 TEXTORead the text to answer questions 21 to 23.
An automatic temperature and humidity controller at a pig farm in Jiaxing, China

China is taking hog biosecurity to new levels — 13 stories in fact.

That’s the height of a building in southern China where more than 10,000 pigs are kept in a condominium-style complex, complete with restricted access, security cameras, in-house veterinary services and carefully prepared meals.

The seemingly luxurious conditions represent a state-of-the-art approach to biosecurity in which pigs — the main source of meat in China — are shielded from viruses, including the devastating African swine fever that wiped out half the nation’s hogs in the two years before the coronavirus pandemic emerged.

The rise of large hog farms also reflects shifting diets in China. Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades, rapid economic development and expanding incomes mean China’s 1.4 billion people are eating more meat, eggs and other animal proteins. That’s driving more-intensive animal production.
(www.bloomberg.com, 02.08.2021. Adapted.)

21 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
The text
(A) describes vertical pig farms built to guarantee better biosecurity.
(B) questions the luxury of buildings aimed at hosting animals rather than humans.
(C) enumerates actions by the Chinese government to shield animals from a variety of deadly diseases.
(D) details the biotechnology methods employed in animal raising in China.
(E) advertises measures by the Chinese government to provide the population with more animal proteins.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
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22 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the last sentence of the text “That’s driving more-intensive animal production.”, the term underlined refers to:
(A) Beijing’s huge hog farms.
(B) China’s population of 1.4 billion people.
(C) Beijing’s fight against hunger and poverty.
(D) Chinese people’s new dieting behavior.
(E) China’s need to feed their huge population.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
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23 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the fragment from the fourth paragraph “Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades”, the term “whereas” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) since.
(B) because.
(C) while.
(D) although.
(E) despite.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
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  • “[...] The rise of large hog farms also reflects shifting diets in China. Whereas Beijing focused on fighting hunger and eliminating poverty in past decades, rapid economic development and expanding incomes mean China’s 1.4 billion people are eating more meat, eggs and other animal proteins.
  • A ascensão de grandes fazendas de suínos também reflete mudanças nas dietas na China. Embora Pequim se concentrara no combate à fome e na eliminação da pobreza nas últimas décadas, o rápido desenvolvimento econômico e a expansão dos rendimentos significam que os 1,4 mil milhões de habitantes da China estão comendo mais carne, ovos e outras proteínas animais.
  • "WHEREAS" - apresenta ideia de CONTRASTE, ou seja, "despite the fact that" e sendo assim, pode ser corretamente substituída, sem alterar o sentido do texto, por While.
  • DICA IMPORTANTE:
  • (1) A depender do contexto, "WHILE" pode expressar ideia de tempo, durante um evento (during the time that / at the same time as) ou ideia de contraste ("despite the fact that", "WHEREAS").
 TEXTORead the text to answer questions 24 and 25.
Notwithstanding the current turbulent socio-economic conditions in the country, Vice President Yemi Osinbajo has insisted that generating economic growth, developing human capital, and building Nigeria’s infrastructural backbone is doable. To achieve this, Osinbajo said all tiers of government and critical partners ought to be focused, open-minded and collaborative in meeting shared aspirations to provide better and decent jobs for Nigerians, especially the youths.
(Terhemba Daka. www.guardian.ng, 06.08.2021. Adapted.)

24 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
The word which introduces the paragraph can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
(A) in spite of.
(B) on account of.
(C) as a result of.
(D) in addition to.
(E) as an alternative to.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
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25 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
In the fragment “all tiers of government and critical partners ought to be focused, open-minded and collaborative”, the underlind terms carry the idea of
(A) obligation.
(B) preference.
(C) necessity.
(D) capacity.
(E) possibility.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C 
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26 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
Online, Generation Z (ages 9-24) has been criticising numerous aspects of mainstream Millennial (ages 25-40) style, namely their affections for side-parted hair and skinny jeans. In the process they have unleashed a tidal wave of bold, self-conscious and downright spiteful reactions from Millennials. The trending dispute is so impassioned, not due to a lifelong allegiance to the particular jeans or hairstyle in question, but because the accusation of being outdated has forced Millennials to face an uncomfortable truth: there's been a transfer of generational power.
(Cassidy George. www.bbc.com, 22.02.2021. Adapted.)
According to the text, Generation Z’s criticism of mainstream Millenials
(A) reveals the lack of affection of youngsters towards older people.
(B) has sparked an excessively aggressive dialogue between the two groups.
(C) has been seen as unjustifiable judgement of one group towards the other.
(D) did not come out as heated a dispute as one would have expected.
(E) reflects the growth of the social influence of the former.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
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 TEXTORead the text and the graphs to answer questions 27 to 29.
https://www.economist.com

Apart from the impact on the environment, increasing use of air conditioning (AC) could have social and political effects. A new paper by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Mannheim set out to understand the relationships between climate, income and residential air conditioning. Their model suggested that wider use of AC will save lives that would otherwise be taken by heartstroke or the exacerbation of other health conditions — 550,000 a year by 2050 in India alone — but it will disproportionately benefit those with higher incomes. Poorer people without AC are more likely to be less productive or to die than those who can afford it. Heat hinders learning and lowers test scores, causing poorer children to fall behind. And the use of AC itself contributes to global warming, making life even hotter for everyone.
(www.economist.com, 10.08.2021. Adapted.)

27 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
The graphs confirm the following idea from the text:
(A) income and household use of AC are tightly connected.
(B) a country’s climate is the most important factor in air-conditioning use.
(C) air-conditioning use brings greater benefits to those with higher incomes.
(D) air-conditioning use alone is a reliable measure of a country’s wealth.
(E) the world’s richest people with AC at home come from the wealthiest countries.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
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28 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
According to the text,
(A) air-conditioning use should be limited to places with exceedingly high temperatures.
(B) wider use of AC has saved lives, so its use should be fostered in special circumstances and countries.
(C) poor productivity of adults at work and of children at school result, to a great extent, from long- -term heat exposure.
(D) air-conditioning use can contradictorily add to the problem it is trying to mitigate.
(E) environmental and social-political burdens of AC must be seen as equally worrisome.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
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29 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
The expression “Apart from”, on the first line of the text, introduces the idea of
(A) contrast.
(B) addition.
(C) alternative.
(D) cause.
(E) condition.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
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30 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-UNIFICADO-2022.1)
ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the point of intersection of teachers’ and learners’ perceptions regarding language learning strategies. Using an original questionnaire developed in a classroom situation, the study examined reported frequency of strategy use by international students and teacher perceptions regarding the importance of strategy use. There was a high level of accord (71 per cent) between strategies which students reported using highly frequently and those which teachers reported regarding as highly important, an encouraging finding somewhat at variance with the results of some previous studies. Implications of these results for the teaching/learning situation are discussed.
(Carol Griffiths. www.academic.oup.com. Adapted.)

The description on the final lines of the text “an encouraging finding somewhat at variance with the results of some previous studies” means that
(A) the findings were completely different from what the researchers had expected.
(B) the main research finding confirmed antecipations by the researcher.
(C) the study reached results which, to some extent, differed from those in former research.
(D) arriving at findings which confirmed results from prior studies was encouraging.
(E) finding variances was a somewhat simple but encouraging result of the research process.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
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