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Mostrando postagens com marcador Conditionals. Mostrar todas as postagens

quarta-feira, 9 de outubro de 2024

CONDITIONALS & MIXED CONDITIONALS (cmc-1) – MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) – GABARITO & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br


Without a doubt, in your years of English practice, you've studied the conditionals. In fact, we have four conditional forms: The zero, first, second and third conditionals.
So now, why do we need the mixed conditionals if we already have these other four?
Each of those four conditionals focuses on situations or actions that happened within a specific timeframe.
For example, the first conditional is focused  on the present or future that is likely. The second conditional is also focused on the present or future, but unlikely or even impossible. The third conditional is focused on the past.
However, sometimes something that happens in the past also influences or impacts the current moment.
Mixed conditionals allows us to demonstrate that they allows us to transition through time or connect those past decisions with something that is happening in the moment.
  • By Valdenor Sousa - http://www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br.


01 – (MACKENZIE-SP-2014)

www.pinterest.com

Which sentence is grammatically correct about the picture above?

(A) If the 2 lions had been taller, they wouldn’t have to had helped each other.
(B) If one lion was bigger, the other wouldn’t be help him.
(C) Had one lion taller, the other would have helped him.
(D) Should a lion be bigger, the other have helped him.
(E) If one lion were taller, the other one wouldn’t have had to help him.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :
>> ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)
>> CONTEXTO: Empregamos a estrutura acima, quando imaginamos uma mudança presente com um resultado no passado, ou seja, empregamos em uma hipótese, imaginando como uma situação diferente no presente significaria que o passado também seria diferente:

>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL DA FIGURA:
  • Os leões em todos os lugares podem subir em galhos, mas eles simplesmente não são muito bons na descida na árvore.
  • A cena descreve um leão no chão servindo de apoio para que um outro leão possa descer da árvore.
  • A hipótese no cenário dado, é que se o leão (na vertical) fosse mais alto não precisaria da ajuda do outro leão no chão.
  • Contudo, a questão é gramatical.
  • Neste aspecto, cabe no contexto acima, a estrutura gramatical:
  • If + past simple >> would have + Past Paticiple"
  • Sendo assim, a opção que atende o aspecto gramatical e contexto dado é a opção (E):
  • If one lion were taller, the other one wouldn’t have had to help him.
  • Se um leão fosse mais alto, o outro não precisaria ajudá-lo.
>> DEMAIS OPÇÕES INCORRETAS:
(A) If the 2 lions had been taller, they wouldn’t have to had helped each other.
(B) If one lion was bigger, the other wouldn’t be help him.
(C) Had one lion taller, the other would have helped him. (FORA DE CONTEXTO)
Se um leão fosse mais alto, o outro o teria ajudado.
(D) Should a lion be bigger, the other have helped him.

>> MAIS EXEMPLOS COM A ESTRUTURA:
(If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)
  • If I knew her number, I would have called her. (Se soubesse o número dela, eu teria ligado para ela.
  • If she were here right now, she would have solved the problem immediately. (Se ela estivesse aqui agora, ela teria resolvido o problema imediatamente.) 
  • If I didn’t have so much work, I would have gone to the party last night. (Se não tivesse tanto trabalho, eu teria ido à festa ontem à noite.)
  • I would have understood them if I spoke German. (Eu os teria entendido se eu falasse alemão.
  • It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday. (É muito importante. Se não fosse, eu não teria ligado para você nas suas férias.
  • If we didn't trust him we would have sacked him months ago. (Se não confiássemos nele, nós o teríamos demitido meses atrás.)
  • I 'd have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting.
>>GRAMMAR CHART:

02 – (EEAR-CFS-2016-BCT-TURMA 2)  Read the cartoon and answer questions 36.

Replace the numbers (1) and (2) in the cartoon with the right form of the verbs.

a) (1) will look – (2) had sink
b) (1) would look – (2) had sank
c) (1) would look – (2) hadn't sunk
d) (1) wouldn’t look – (2) haven’t sunk

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (3rd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (2nd conditional)" :
IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: como uma mudança em uma situação passada teria um resultado no presente, ou seja, Se as outras duas montes (PILHAS DE LIXO) não tivessem afundadas, o cenário pareceria mais ecológico.
  • MIXED CONDITIONAL:
  • If + Past Perfect >> would + Base Form.
  • This would look more environmentally-friendly if the other two heaps hadn't sunk to the bottom.
  • Isso pareceria mais ecológico se as outras duas pilhas não tivessem afundado.
Replace the numbers (1) and (2) in the cartoon with the right form of the verbs.

a) (1) will look – (2) had sink
b) (1) would look – (2) had sank
c) (1) would look – (2) hadn't sunk
d) (1) wouldn’t look – (2) haven’t sunk

>> VERBO "TO SINK" (sink, sank, sunk):

>>TRADUÇÃO DO CARTOON:
  • HOMEM 1:
  • What a mess in the ocean!
  • Que bagunça no oceano!
  • HOMEM 2:
  • This would look more environmentally-friendly if the other two heaps hadn't sunk to the bottom.
  • Isso pareceria mais ecológico se os outros dois montões (pilhas de lixo) não tivessem afundado.
03 – (EEAR-CFS-2011-BCT-TURMA 2) Select the alternative in which the conditional sentence has the same idea as in
  • “…the skill of the pilot kept the airliner from colliding with the airport.”, (lines 10, 11 and 12).
(A) The plane will collide with the airport if the pilot is skilled.
(B) The plane would have collided with the airport if the pilot were skilled.
(C) If the pilot were not skilled, the plane would have collided with the airport.
(D) If the pilot had been skilled, the plane would not have collided with the airport.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :
>> If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)

>>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
  • “…the skill of the pilot kept the airliner from colliding with the airport.”
  • a habilidade do piloto impediu que o avião colidisse com o aeroporto.
  • IDEIA TRANSMITIDA:
  • Se o piloto não fosse habilidoso, o avião teria colidido com o aeroporto.
(A) The plane will collide with the airport if the pilot is skilled.
O avião colidirá com o aeroporto se o piloto for habilidoso.
>>Opção (a) com padrão condicional (1st conditional) gramaticamente correto, porém, semanticamente incoerente com a ideia transmitida pelo trecho do texto.
(B) The plane would have collided with the airport if the pilot were skilled.
O avião teria colidido com o aeroporto se o piloto fosse habilidoso.
>>Opção (b) com erro de gramática e com erro de semântica.
(C) If the pilot were not skilled, the plane would have collided with the airport. ()
Se o piloto não fosse habilidoso, o avião teria colidido com o aeroporto.
>>Opção (C) gramaticalmente correta e semanticamente coerente com a ideia transmitida pelo trecho do texto
  • ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)
  • MIXED CONDITIONAL: "PRESENT CONDITION (2nd conditional) >> PAST RESULT(3rd conditional).
(D) If the pilot had been skilled, the plane would not have collided with the airport.
Se o piloto fosse habilidoso, o avião não teria colidido com o aeroporto.
>>Opção (d) com erro de gramática e com erro de semântica.
  • ESTRUTURA = If + Past Perfect >> would + Base Form.
  • MIXED CONDITIONAL: "PAST CONDITION (3rd conditional) >> PRESENT RESULT(2nd conditional).
>>GRAMMAR CHART:

04 – (UNESP-1991) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da frase a seguir:
  • If he put it this way, everybody __________ with him.
a) would agree
b) should have agreed
c) will agree
d) would has agreed
e) agreeded

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :
>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
  • If he put it this way, everybody would agree  with him."
  • Se ele colocasse dessa maneira, todo mundo concordaria com ele.
>> IF-clause no PAST SIMPLE (put) → MAIN CLAUSE com WOULD + Base Form (agree).

>>WATCH OUT (1): 
  • He put >> Past Simple.
  • He puts >> Present Simple.
>>WATCH OUT (2): 
Para lembrar da estrutura da 2ª condicional, lembre-se da famosa frase de conselho "If I were you, ...."(Se eu fosse você, ...":
  • If I were you, I woud study more.
  • Se eu fosse você, estudaria mais.
>>GRAMMAR CHART:

05 – (ITA-SP-1997)
  • Lady Astor MP:
  • "If you __(I)__ my husband I __(II)__ poison your coffee".
  • Churchill:
  • "If you __(III)__ my wife I __(IV)__ drink it."
Os termos que melhor preenchem as lacunas I, II, III e IV são:

a) were (I), would (II), were (III), had (IV).
b) was (I), would (II), was (III), would (IV).
c) were (I), had (II), were (III), had (IV).
d) was (I), could (II), was (III), would (IV).
e) were (I), would (II), were (III), would (IV).

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :
>> DIÁLOGO:
  • Lady Astor MP:
  • If you were my husband I would poison your coffee.
  • Se você fosse meu marido eu envenenaria seu café.
  • Churchill:
  • If you were my wife I would drink it.
  • Se você fosse minha esposa eu beberia.
➽ O passado simples do verbo TO BE pode ser WAS ou WERE. Na condicional, WERE é usado para todas as pessoas (I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they).
➽ Na 02 orações, as IF CLAUSEs estão no "Simple Past"(were, were) e é por isso que as MAIN CLAUSEs deverão ficar com WOULD+VP com infinitivo sem o TO(would poison, would drink).

06 – (EFOMM-PS-2011-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the option in which the if-clause expresses that it is possible, but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

(A) If I'd seen her, I would have asked her to call Mary.
(B) If you get a taxi, you will get there in no time.
(C) If I am late for work, my boss gets angry with me.
(D) If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
(E) If I had passed this exam, I would have been promoted.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :
USO: Imaginary situation.
GRAU DE POSSIBILIDADE: Very unlikely.

>> WATCH OUT:
  • Zero condicional – expressa algo que é REAL E SEMPRE ACONTECE.
  • 1rt condicional – expressa algo REAL e PROVÁVEL de acontecer.
  • 2nd condicional – expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e MUITO IMPROVÁVEL DE ACONTECER..
  • 3rd condicional – expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.

(A) If I'd seen her, I would have asked her to call Mary. (Se a tivesse visto, eu teria pedido a ela para ligar para Mary.)
  • ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
  • If I had seen … // I would have asked …
  • IF + Past Perfect // would have + Past Participle
  • CONTEXTO:
  • Caso de 3ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.
(B) If you get a taxi, you will get there in no time. (Se você pegar um táxi, você chegará lá em pouco tempo.)
  • ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
  • If you get …// you will… …
  • IF + Present Simple // Future Simple.
  • CONTEXTO:
  • Caso de 1ª condicional que expressa algo REAL PORÉM PROVÁVEL de acontecer.
(C) If I am late for work, my boss gets angry with me. (Se estou atrasado para o trabalho, meu chefe fica bravo comigo.)
  • ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
  • If I am …// gets…
  • IF + Present Simple // Present Simple.
  • CONTEXTO:
  • Caso de ZERO condicional que expressa algo que é REAL E SEMPRE ACONTECE.
(D) If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. (Se eu encontrasse seu endereço, eu lhe enviaria um convite.)
  • ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
  • If I found … // I would send ...
  • IF + Past // would +Base Form.
  • CONTEXTO:
  • Caso de 2ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e MUITO IMPROVÁVEL DE ACONTECER.
(E) If I had passed this exam, I would have been promoted. (Se eu tivesse passado este exame, eu teria sido promovido)
  • ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
  • If I had passed … // I would have been promoted …
  • IF + Past Perfect // would have + Past Perfect.
  • CONTEXTO:
  • Caso de 3ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.
>> Portanto, a resposta correta é a alternativa “D”.
>>GRAMMAR CHART:

07 – (MACKENZIE-SP-1996) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence:
  • If you had taken my advice, you __________.
(A) would learned the lesson
(B) would have learnt the lesson
(C) should learned the lesson
(D) would learn the lesson
(E) should understand the lesson

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :
>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
  • If you had taken my advice, you would have learnt the lesson.
  • Se você tivesse seguido meu conselho, teria aprendido a lição.
>> EXPLICAÇÃO GRAMATICAL:
  • Na oração dada, a IF CLAUSE está no "PAST PERFECT"(had taken) e é por isso que a MAIN CLAUSE deverá ficar com WOULD HAVE + VP no particípio passado(would have learnt).
08 – (EFOMM-PS-2013-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
  • "John's birthday is tomorrow. ______ I known about it, I would have bought him a gift."
(A) Would
(B) Did
(C) Could
(D) Had
(E) Have

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - INVERTED 3rd CONDITIONAL :
>>THE STRUCTURE:
(inverte o auxiliar "had" com o sujeito e deleta o "IF")
  • had + subject + past participle.
>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
  • John's birthday is tomorrow. Had I known about it, I would have bought him a gift.
  • Se não estivesse ocupado, ele acompanharia o seu primo.
(A) Would
(B) Did
(C) Could
(D) Had
(E) Have

>> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:
    >>3rd Conditional:
    • If I had known about it, I would have bought him a gift.
      >>Inverted 3rd Conditional:
      (inverte o auxiliar "had" com o sujeito "I" e deleta o "IF")
      • Had I known about it, I would have bought him a gift.
      • Se eu soubesse disso, eu teria comprado pra ele um presente.
      >>GRAMMAR CHART:

      09 – (EFOMM-PS-2013-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
      • Were he not busy, he ______ your cousin.
      (A) will accompany
      (B) can accompany
      (C) would accompany
      (D) had accompanied
      (E) should accompany

            Comentários e Gabarito    C  
      TÓPICO - INVERTED SECOND CONDITIONAL :
      >> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
      • Were he not busy, he would accompany your cousin.
      • Se não estivesse ocupado, ele acompanharia o seu primo.
      (A) will accompany
      (B) can accompany
      (C) would accompany
      (D) had accompanied
      (E) should accompany

      >> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:
      • Na oração "Were he not busy", o sujeito (HE) está invertido com o verbo (WERE)  e não está na interrogativa,  o que se deduz que, tal oração é uma condicional INVERTIDA, ou seja, uma condicional com o IF SUPRIMIDO.
      • CONDICIONAL NORMAL ==> If were not busy.
      • CONDICIONAL INVERTIDA (ou condicicional com inversão) ==>  Were he not busy.
      • SIMPLE PAST (na if-clause) combina verbalmente com WOULD + BASE FORM, na oração principal.
      • Portanto, a sentença completa é:
      • Were he not busy, he would accompany your cousin.
      >>GRAMMAR CHART:

      10 – (EFOMM-PS-2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
      • The loan _____back if they hadn't been held up last week.
      (A) would have paid
      (B) would pay
      (C) would have been paid
      (D) will have paid
      (E) will be paid

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
      TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL  in PASSIVE VOICE :
      • The loan would have been paid back if they hadn't been held up last week.
      • O empréstimo teria sido pago se eles não tivessem sido retidos na semana passada.
      (A) would have paid
      (B) would pay
      (C) would have been paid
      (D) will have paid
      (E) will be paid

      >>IF CLAUSE =  if they hadn't been held up ...
      >>MAIN CLAUSE = would have been paid

      11 – (EFOMM-PS-2016-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Say if the sentences below are C (correct) or I (incorrect). 
      • (   ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.
      • (   ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs.
      • (   ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.
      • (   ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.
      The correct sequence is:

      (A) (I) (I) (C) (I)
      (B) (I) (I) (I) (C)
      (C) (I) (C) (C) (I)
      (D) (I) (C) (I) (I)
      (E) (C) (I) (I) (C)

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
      TÓPICO - CONDITIONALS :
      ( I ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.
      • I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would go home. (Second Conditional)
      ( C ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs. (Second Conditional)

      ( I ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.
      • I’ll be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.(First Conditional)

      ( I  ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.
      • If Carrie had been honest, she would have returned the money.(Third Conditional)
      >>GRAMMAR CHART:

      12 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2017) Which of the sentences below is correct?

      (A) You wouldn’t spend so much if you didn’t have a good salary.
      (B) If you would plan to use Wi-Fi, connect your TV with your router.
      (C) Unless he tried hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.
      (D) If he were married, he won’t travel alone so much.
      (E) She won’t buy a new car even if she'll have the money.

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
      TÓPICO - CONDITIONALS :
      Which of the sentences below is correct?

      (A) You wouldn’t spend so much if you didn’t have a good salary. (2nd conditional)
      • If-clause (didn’t have)  >> Main Clause (wouldn’t spend).
      (B) If you would plan to use Wi-Fi, connect your TV with your router.
      • If you plan to use Wi-Fi, you should connect your TV with your router.
      • If-clause (plan)  >> Main Clause (should connect).
      (C) Unless he tried hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.
      • Unless he tries hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.
      • If-clause (tries)  >> Main Clause (won’t get).
      (D) If he were married, he won’t travel alone so much.
      • If he were married, he wouldn't travel alone so much.
      • If-clause (were)  >> Main Clause (wouldn't travel).
      (E) She won’t buy a new car even if she'll have the money.
      • She will buy a new car even if she have the money.
      • If-clause (have)  >> Main Clause (will buy).

      13 – (EFOMM-PS-2005-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
      • If my boss had not phoned the police on the spot, the thief _____________.
      (A) would get away with it
      (B) got away with it
      (C) should got away with it
      (D) would have gotten away with it
      (E) has gotten away with it

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
      TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :
      • If my boss had not phoned the police on the spot, the thief would have gotten away with it.
      • Se meu chefe não tivesse telefonado para a polícia imediatamente, o ladrão teria escapado impune.
      • If-clause (had not phoned)  >> Main Clause (would have gotten away).
      • If-clause (Past Perfect) >> Main Clause (would have + Past Participle)
      (A) would get away with it 
      (B) got away with it 
      (C) should got away with it 
      (D) would have gotten away with it 
      (E) has gotten away with it

      14 – (EEAR–CFS–1/2016–AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-AERONAVEGANTES–SARGENTO) Select the alternative that indicates the type of conditional in the sentence below.
      • "According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will be a global warming."
      (A) zero conditional
      (B) first conditional
      (C) third conditional
      (D) second conditional

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
      TÓPICO - 1st CONDITIONAL → "PRESENTE SIMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WILL+ Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

      >>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
      • "According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will be a global warming."
      • "Segundo os cientistas, se a quantidade de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera aumentar, haverá um aquecimento global."
      • (if ... increases >> there will be)
      >> ESTRUTURA = (If + Present simple >> Future)
      >> TIPO = first conditional.

      a) zero conditional
      b) first conditional (PRESENTE na if-clause, FUTURO no outro lado)
      c) third conditional
      d) second conditional

      >>GRAMMAR CHART:

      15 – (EEAR-CFS-2/2016-SARGENTO-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-AERONAVEGANTES) Select the alternative that completes the sentence below in the third conditional.
      • If she hadn't read the news magazine, she ___________.
      (A) hadn't seen the ad
      (B) would see the ad
      (C) couldn't see the ad
      (D) wouldn't have seen the ad

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
      TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :
      >> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL:(Particípio Passado em ambos os lados)
      • NA AFIRMATIVA:
      • [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have + Particípio Passado].
      • NA NEGATIVA:
      • [hadn't + Particípio Passado // wouldn't have + Particípio Passado
      >> SENTENÇA DA QUESTÃO:
      • "If she hadn't read the news magazine, she __________."
      >> IF-CLAUSE: If she hadn't read the news magazine .
      • "hadn't read" combina  com "wouldn't have seen".
      • Portanto a estrutura gramaticalmente correta é:
      • If she hadn't read the news magazine, she wouldn't have seen the ad.
      • Se ela não tivesse lido a revista de notícias, ela não teria visto o anúncio.
      >> WATCH OUT:

      16 – (UECE-2010.1-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)
      • Sheila would have gone to the party if she ...
      (A) knows about it.
      (B) had known about it.
      (C) has known about it.
      (D) will know about it.

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
      TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :
      >> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL:(Particípio Passado em ambos os lados)
      • NA AFIRMATIVA:
      • [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have + Particípio Passado].
      >> SENTENÇA DA QUESTÃO:
      • Sheila would have gone to the party if she ...
      >> COMBINAÇÃO VERBAL: 
      • "would have gone" (main-clause) combina verbalmente  com Past Perfect "had known" na IF-Clause.
      • Portanto a sentença gramaticalmente correta é:
      • Sheila would have gone to the party if she had known about it.
      • Sheila teria ido à festa se soubesse.
      17 – (FUVEST-2003-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE) Choose the item which best completes the sentence, according to the passage:
      • "Diana wouldn't be at the farm in time for dinner unless she _____ by five."
      (A) would get away
      (B) gets away
      (C) got away
      (D) had got away
      (E) can get away

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
      TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :
      >>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
      • "Diana wouldn't be at the farm in time for dinner unless she got away by five."
      • Diana não chegaria à fazenda a tempo para o jantar a menos que saísse às cinco.
      • TEMPO VERBAL da if clause → SIMPLE PAST, que é um tempo verbal anterior a da SITUAÇÃO HIPOTÉTICA NO PRESENTE (would + base form).
      a) would get away (erro gramatical estrutural, NÃO EXISTE  modal em "if-clause")
      b) gets away (erro gramatical de tempo verbal "Present Simple", inadequado ao contexto da sentença)
      c) got away (tempo verbal "Past Simple", adequado ao contexto da sentença)
      d) had got away (erro gramatical de tempo verbal "Past Perfect", inadequado ao contexto da sentença) 
      e) can get away (erro gramatical estrutural, NÃO EXISTE modal em "if-clause")
      >> IF = UNLESS / AS SOON AS / WHEN:
      >> WATCH OUT (1):
      *Unless significa algo semelhante a ‘IF … NOT’ ou ‘EXCEPT IF....".
      *Unless (a não ser que, a menos que).
      • We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains.
      • Iremos para a costa amanhã, a menos que chova.
      >> WATCH OUT (2):
      Não usamos "UNLESS-Clause"       para condições impossíveis, por exemplo:
      • Unless the government had raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests.(INCORRETA)
      • If the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests.(CORRETA)
      >> WATCH OUT (3):
      Não usamos "unless" e "if" juntos, por exemplo:
      • We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless if it rains. (INCORRETA)
      • We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains. (CORRETA). 
      >> WATCH OUT (4):
      • Em inglês, não existe TEMPO SUBJUNTIVO, e neste contexto, via regra gramatical, usaremos o verbo no "simple past" com ideia de subjuntivo (fosse).

      18 – (UECE-2012.2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)
      • If the scientists had not carried out the research, the discoveries ___________.
      (A) would never have made
      (B) will never have been made
      (C) should never had been made
      (D) would never have been made

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
      TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL IN PASSIVE VOICE :
      >> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL NA VOZ PASSIVA:
      •  [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have been + Particípio Passado].
      >> MAIN-CLAUSE: the discoveries would never have been made.
      • Subject = the discoveries.
      >> SENTENÇA COMPLETA:
      • If the scientists had not carried out the research, the discoveries would never have been made.
      • Se os cientistas não tivessem realizado a pesquisa, as descobertas nunca teriam sido feitas.
      19 – (UECE-2010.2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)
      • If the author knew then what he knows now, he
      (A) will find another ending for his novel.
      (B) would have found another ending for his novel.
      (C) would found another ending for his novel.
      (D) can have found another ending for his novel.

       👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
      TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :
      >> ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past 

      >> SENTENÇA COMPLETA:
      • If the author knew then what he knows now, he would have found another ending for his novel.
      • Se o autor soubesse naquela época o que sabe agora, ele teria encontrado outro final para seu romance.
      (A) will find another ending for his novel.
      (B) would have found another ending for his novel.
      (C) would found another ending for his novel. (Não se usa verbo no passado (found) após WOULD.)
      (D) can have found another ending for his novel.

      20 – (FUVEST-1998-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE)
      • "If I had found a Carl Sagan some 40 years ago, I might be in a different college in my university today." 
      Qual das alternativas abaixo expressa a mesma ideia da oração acima?

      (A) If I ought to find a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I would have been in a different college in my university today.
      (B) If I may find a Carl Sagan, I’ll perhaps be in a different college in my university today.
      (C) If I should find a Carl Sagan today, I would perhaps be in a different college in my university.
      (D) Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.
      (E) Unless I can find a Carl Sagan today, I'll never be in a different college in my university.

            Comentários e Gabarito    D  
      TÓPICO - INVERTED CONDITIONAL (CONDICIONAL COM INVERSÃO) :
      >> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:
      • If I had found a Carl Sagan some 40 years ago, I might be in a different college in my university today.
      • Se eu tivesse encontrado um Carl Sagan há cerca de 40 anos, hoje poderia estar em uma faculdade diferente da minha universidade.
      Qual das alternativas abaixo expressa a mesma ideia da oração acima?

      a) If I ought to find a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I would have been in a different college in my university today.
      >>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).
      b) If I may find a Carl Sagan, I’ll perhaps be in a different college in my university today.
      >>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).
      c) If I should find a Carl Sagan today, I would perhaps be in a different college in my university.
      >>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).
      d) Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.
      e) Unless I can find a Carl Sagan today, I'll never be in a different college in my university.
      >>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).
      >> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:
      • CONDICIONAL NORMAL ==>  "If I had found".
      • CONDICIONAL COM INVERSÃO ==> "Had I found" 
      • Perceba: retira-se o "If" e inverte-se "I had" para "Had I".
      • Sendo assim, a opção (D) é a correta: apresenta a "condicional com inversão" e expressa a mesma ideia contextual da sentença dada:
      • Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.
      • Se eu tivesse encontrado um Carl Sagan há 40 anos, eu poderia estar em uma faculdade diferente da minha universidade hoje.

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