LAY vs LIE – MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) – GABARITO & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

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• By Valdenor Sousa http://www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

   MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)

>> SUMMARY CHART:

(From: www.vocabulary.cl): 

>> PADRÃO GRAMATICAL:

• TO LAY (transitive) + substantivo (the eggs, the papers, the keys, the tent, his headphones, etc.)
• TO LIE (intransitive) + locução prepositiva adverbial (on the table, on the desk, on the couch, on the grass, in bed, in the sun, beneath the trees, beyond this hill, all over the floor, etc.)

01 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sequence completes the sentences below?

1 - Susan ___________ down and closed her eyes.

2 - The boss ____________ the papers on the table.

3 - Don’t _____________ in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

4 - The lake ___________ beyond this hill.

(A) laid – laid – lay – lies

(B) laid – lay – lay – lies

(C) lay – laid – lie – lies

(D) laid – lay – lie – lays

(E) lay – lay – lie – lays

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - Lay vs Lie & ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS:

1- Susan lay down and closed her eyes.

• Verb = to lie (it's followed by "a preposition/adverb phrase": down)
• Verb Tense = past (because of verb "closed")
• Verb Vorm = lay

2- The boss laid the papers on the table.

O chefe colocou os papéis sobre a mesa.

• Verb = to lay (+ noun "the papers")
• Direct Object: the papers.
• Verb Tense = past (laid) (in context, the specific time of the action is implied and so we don’t need to mention it.)
• Remember that any tense of the transitive verb (to lay) must take a direct object.

3- Don’t lie in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

Não fique deitado na cama o dia todo. Levante-se e trabalhe um pouco.

• Verb = "to lie" (it's followed by "a preposition/adverb phrase": in bed)
• Context = imperative
• Base Form = lie

4- The lake lies beyond this hill.

O lago fica além desta colina.

• Verb = "to lie" (followed by "a preposition/adverb phrase": beyond this hill)
• Verb Tense = present simple
• Subject-Verb Agreement = LIES.

02 – (EFOMM-PS-2006-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)

• "The housekeeper saw the birds _____ eggs and then _____ down”.

(A) lying / laying
(B) lying / lieing
(C) laying / lying
(D) laying / laid
(E) laying / lieing

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - Lay vs Lie & ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS:

>>1ª LACUNA:

• "The housekeeper saw the birds LAYING eggs "
• A governanta viu os pássaros PONDO ovos.
• VERBO → TO LAY (lay. laid, laid, laying), é um verbo  seguido por "noun" (eggs).
• OUTRO EXEMPLO:
• The boss laid the papers on the table.
• O patrão colocou os papéis sobre a mesa.

>>2ª LACUNA:

• The housekeeper saw the birds laying eggs and then LYING down.
• A governanta viu os pássaros pondo ovos e depois DEITANDO-SE.
• VERBO → TO LIE (lie, lay , lain, lying), um verbo seguido por "advérbio" (down).

03 – (EFOMM-PS-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

• She did not tell me the truth. She _____ to me.

(A) lie

(B) lain

(C) lay

(D) laid

(E) lied

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - LIE (LIE, LIED, LIED, LYING) TO SOMEONE:

She did not tell me the truth. She lied to me. 

Ela não me contou a verdade. Ela MENTIU para mim.

(A) lie

(B) lain

(C) lay

(D) laid

(E) lied 

➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:

• Promise me you'll never lie to me again. Prometa-me que nunca mais mentirá para mim.

• You lied to me about your lunch hour. Você mentiu para mim sobre sua hora de almoço.

• I look forward to a new job. Estou ansioso por um novo emprego.

➽DICAS:

(1)Tempo verbal contextual = Simple Past ( She did not tell...).

(2) "TO LIE (lie, lied, lied)(verbo regular) – MENTIR, dizer deliberadamente a alguém algo que não é verdade.

(3) "TO LIE TO SOMEONE" ou "TO LIE ABOUT SOMETHING".

04 – (EFOMM-PS-2011-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the correct alternative to complete the sentences:

1) "____ the tent down on the grass and I'll see how to put it up."

2) "I ____ the papers on the table."

3) "Don't ___ in bed all day. Get up and go to work.”

4) "You ___   to me when you said you loved me.

(A) Lay / laid / lie / lied
(B) Lay / laid / lay / had lied
(C) Lie / laid / lie / lied
(D) Lie / lie / lie / had lied
(E) Lie / lie / lay / lied

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - Lay vs Lie & ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS:

1 - " Lay the tent down on the grass and I'll see how to put it up."

• Verb = to lay (direct object: the tent)
• context = imperative.
• base form = lay.

2 - "I laid the papers on the table."

• Verb = to lay (direct object: the papers)
• Verb Tense = past (laid) (in context, the specific time of the action is implied and so we don’t need to mention it.)
• Remember that any tense of the transitive verb (to lay) must take a direct object.

3 - "Don't lie in bed all day. Get up and go to work.”

• Verb = to lie (followed by "a preposition/adverb phrase": in bed)
• context = imperative.
• base form = lie.

4 - "You lied to me when you said you loved me.

• Verb = to lie (in the meaning "SPEAK FALSELY )
• to lie = LIE, LIED, LIED, LYING.
• Verb tense = past "lied" (because of verb "said")

05 – (EFOMM-PS-2023-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the option with the correct sequence to complete the sentences below.

I – Many sickness are being ____ at the door of stress.

II – She’s been ___ low with flu for a long time.

III – I could hear her ___ down the law.

IV – I felt so lazy just ____ around on the beach all morning.

V – John ____ back against the pillows.

VI – On the day of the party, all arguments between the families were ____ aside.

(A) (I)-laid / (II)-laid / (III)-laying / (IV)-lying / (V)-lay / (VI)-laid

(B) (I)-lying / (II)-laid / (III)-laying / (IV)-laid / (V)-laid / (VI)-lied

(C) (I)-lying / (II)-lying / (III)-lay / (IV)-laid / (V)-lies / (VI)-laying

(D) (I)-laying / (II)-laid / (III)-laid / (IV)-lie / (V)-lays / (VI)-lying

(E) (I)-laid / (II)-laying / (III)-laid / (IV)-laying / (V)-lies / (VI)-laid

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - Lay vs Lie & ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS IDIOMÁTICAS:

* Questão "casca de banana" - muita atenção para não errar, haja vista o uso de expressões idiomáticas ("to lay something at the of", "be laid someone" , "could hear someone laying down") presentes nas alternativas. 

I – Many sickness are being laid at the door of stress.

Muitas doenças são atribuídas ao estresse.

• "at the door of" é parte integrante da estrutura "to lay something AT THE DOOR OF sb/sth", que é uma expressão idiomática que significa  CULPAR ALGO POR CAUSA DE OUTRA COISA ou CULPAR ALGUÉM POR ALGO.
• TO LAY = (lay, laid, laid, laying)
• Present Progressive Passive (are + being + Past Participle)
• Past Participle =  laid

II – She’s been laid low with flu for a long time.

Ela está com gripe há muito tempo.

• "to lay someone low"(idiom) – Utilizada em contexto onde algo (virus, bactéria, etc.) torna alguém doente ou fraco e incapaz de fazer as coisas que eles costumam fazer.
• TO LAY = (lay, laid, laid, laying)
• Present Progressive Passive (are + being + Past Participle)
• Past Participle =  laid
• “BE LAID SOMEONE LOW” usada normalmente na forma passiva (MacMillan Dictionary).

III – I could hear her ___ down the law.

Eu conseguia ouvi-la impondo a lei.

➭ Depois de COULD com HEAR,  podemos usar GERUND ou BASE FORM.

➭ A PERGUNTA DE 1 MILHÃO: Vamos usar o gerúndio LYING do verbo TO LIE ou usar o gerúndio LAYING do verbo TO LAY?

• Devemos usar LAYING porque, no contexto, o verbo LAY é parte integrante da expressão idiomática "laying down the law" ,que significa DITAR LEIS, falar de maneira autoritária ou dogmática.
• O verbo transitivo TO LAY (lay, laid, laid, laying).
• I could hear her laying down the law.
• Eu conseguia ouvi-la ditando a lei.

>>DICTIONARY (1):

• TO LAY DOWN THE LAW (idiom) = to forcefully make known what you think should happen. 
• With young children you have to lay down the law so that they clearly know right from wrong.
• Com crianças pequenas, você tem que ditar a lei para que elas saibam claramente o que é certo e o que é errado.
• She can't just come into this office and start laying down the law.
• Ela não pode simplesmente entrar neste escritório e começar a impor as leis.

>>DICTIONARY (2):

• TO LAY DOWN THE LAW (idiom) = to give explicit orders in an authoritative manner, to give a command in an imperious manner.
• The manager laid down the law to the workers.
• O gerente ditou a lei para os trabalhadores.

IV – I felt so lazy just ____ around on the beach all morning.

Eu me senti tão preguiçoso deitado na praia a manhã toda.

>> Na lacuna cabe o verbo TO LIE porque é seguido de Adverbial Prepositional Phrase (around on the beach all morning).

➭ A PERGUNTA DE 1 MILHÃO: no contexto, qual a formal verbal adequada do verbo to lie": LIE, LAY ou LAIN ou o gerúndio LYING?

• Devemos usar LYING porque, no contexto, LYING é parte integrante da expressão idiomática "lying around" ,que significa ESPALHADO ou DEITADO.
• O verbo transitivo TO LIE (lie, lay, lain, lying).
•  I felt so lazy just lying around on the beach all morning.
• Eu me senti tão preguiçoso deitado na praia a manhã toda.

>>DICTIONARY:

• “TO BE LYING AROUND” (idiom)- estar espalhado ou estar deitado.
• He always had a lot of clothes lying around his house.
• Ele sempre tinha muita roupa espalhada pela casa.
• She spent the whole day just lying around.
• Ela passou o dia inteiro deitada.

V – John ____ back against the pillows.

John recostou-se nos travesseiros.

➭ Na lacuna cabe o intransitive verb TO LIE porque é seguido de Adverbial Prepositional Phrase (back against the pillows).

➭ O phrasal verb “TO LIE BACK” means to lean backward from a sitting position to a flat position, traduzindo, RECLINAR-SE, conforme o Merriam-webster Dictionary.

➭ A PERGUNTA É: Já sabemos que iremos aplicar na sentença aqui, o verbo TO LIE, mas qual o tempo verbal contextual?

➭ A resposta é LAY (passado do verbo "to lie") porque implicitamente a sentença está no SIMPLE PAST.

➭ Mas, o por que da sentença acima estar no SIMPLE PAST??

➭ Resposta: Embora contextualmente não exista nenhuma expressão literal do passado, a IDEIA DE TEMPO PASSADO ESTÁ IMPLÍCITO NA AÇÃO VERBAL.

➭ O SIMPLE PAST expressa a ideia de que uma ação começou e terminou em um momento específico no passado. NÃO NECESSARIAMENTE é preciso mencionar o tempo específico de passado na oração, quando a ideia de passado já está implícita na forma verbal.

➭ Sendo assim, a sentença completa é:

• John lay back against the pillows.
• John recostou-se nos travesseiros.

VI – On the day of the party, all arguments between the families were ____ aside.

No dia da festa, todas as discussões entre as famílias foram postas de lado.

➭ Contextualmente, cabe o verbo LAY na forma verbal de particípio passado LAID para construir adequadamente a estrutura passiva WERE LAID.

➭ Sendo assim, a sentença completa é:

• On the day of the party, all arguments between the families were laid aside.
• No dia da festa, todas as discussões entre as famílias foram postas de lado.

06 – (ACAFE-2024-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA) Choose the correct verbs in parentheses to complete the sentences, according to the standard grammar rules.

I) Shall I __________ the tray on the bed? (lie - lay)

II) I love to __________ on the beach and read. (lie - lay)

III) She __________ on the bed and gazed the ceiling, daydreaming. (lie - lay)

IV) My dog was __________ by the gate waiting for me to come home. (laying - lying)

V) My mom hates it when the cat __________ on the sofa. (lays - lies)

VI) He __________ the baby in the cradle. (laid - lay)

Now, mark the alternative which has the right sequence of the correct verbs from I to VI.

(A) lay - lay - lay - laying - lies - laid

(B) lay - lie - lay - lying - lies - laid

(C) lie - lie - lie - lying - lays - lay

(D) lay - lie - lie - laying - lays - laid

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - Lay vs Lie & ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS:

I) Shall I lay the tray on the bed? (lie - lay)

Devo colocar a bandeja na cama?

• "the tray" (noun, object direct)
• Transitive Verb = TO LAY
• Verb Form = LAY 

II) I love to lie on the beach and read. (lie - lay)

• "on the beach" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE
• Verb Form = LIE.

III) She lay on the bed and gazed the ceiling, daydreaming. (lie - lay)

• "on the bed" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE (lie, lay, lain)
• Verb Tense = past (because of verb "gazed" in the past).
• Verb Form = LAY. 

IV) My dog was lying by the gate waiting for me to come home. (laying - lying)

Meu cachorro estava deitado no portão esperando eu chegar em casa.

• "by the gate" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE (lie, lay, lain, lying)
• Verb Tense = past progressive (because of verb "waiting" in the past progressive).
• Verb Form = LYING. 

V) My mom hates it when the cat lies on the sofa. (lays - lies)

Minha mãe odeia quando o gato deita no sofá.

• "on the sofa" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE (lie, lay, lain, lying)
• Verb Tense = past progressive (because of verb "waiting" in the past progressive).
• Verb Form = LYING. 

VI) He laid the baby in the cradle. (laid - lay)

Ele colocou o bebê no berço.

• "the baby" (noun, object direct)
• Transitive Verb = TO LAY.
• Verb Tense = past (in context, the specific time of the action is implied and so we don’t need to mention it.)
• Verb Form = laid

07 – (EsPCEx-CADETE-2017) Choose the statement in which the word lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

• The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas.

(A) He lies in the sun for too long.
(B) His skill lies in his ability to communicate.
(C) I can tell from her face that she lies.
(D) A giant crocodile lies in wait for its prey.
(E) This item always lies over for a next meeting.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VERBO FRASAL "TO LIE IN SOMETHING",   ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS E ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS IDIOMÁTICAS :

• The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas.
• O desafio de conduzir futuras operações militares em megacidades (cidades com populações acima de dez milhões) reside em compreender as complexidades dinâmicas e multidimensionais dessas áreas urbanas.

Choose the statement in which the word lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

(A) He lies in the sun for too long.

Ele fica exposto ao sol por muito tempo.

• "in the sun" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE (= to be on a surface in horizontal position.)

(B) His skill lies in his ability to communicate.

Sua habilidade reside em sua capacidade de se comunicar.

>>DICTIONARY (1):

• TO LAY IN SOMETHING (phrasal verb) = to exist or be found in something (existir ou  residir em algo).
• His skill lies in his ability to communicate quite complex ideas very simply.
• Sua habilidade reside na capacidade de comunicar ideias bastante complexas de forma muito simples..
• The play's interest lies in the questions it raises about sexuality.
• O interesse da peça reside nas questões que ela levanta sobre sexualidade.

(C) I can tell from her face that she lies.

Posso dizer pelo rosto dela que ela mente.

• TO LIE" (transitive verb)(= to speak falsely, to say things that are not true.)

(D) A giant crocodile lies in wait for its prey.

Um crocodilo gigante à espreita da sua presa.

• "TO LIE IN WAIT FOR SOMETHING" (Ficar à espreita de algo) is an idiom that means to hide and wait for the right moment to attack. 

(E) This item always lies over for a next meeting.

Este item sempre fica para uma próxima reunião.

>>DICTIONARY :

• TO LIE OVER  = to stay and wait until some future time( ficar e esperar até algum momento futuro).
• The other business on the agenda will have to lie over until the next meeting.

CONDITIONALS & MIXED CONDITIONALS (cmc-1) – MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) – GABARITO & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

Without a doubt, in your years of English practice, you've studied the conditionals. In fact, we have four conditional forms: The zero, first, second and third conditionals.

So now, why do we need the mixed conditionals if we already have these other four?

Each of those four conditionals focuses on situations or actions that happened within a specific timeframe.

For example, the first conditional is focused  on the present or future that is likely. The second conditional is also focused on the present or future, but unlikely or even impossible. The third conditional is focused on the past.

However, sometimes something that happens in the past also influences or impacts the current moment.

Mixed conditionals allows us to demonstrate that they allows us to transition through time or connect those past decisions with something that is happening in the moment.

• By Valdenor Sousa - http://www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br.

01 – (MACKENZIE-SP-2014)

www.pinterest.com

Which sentence is grammatically correct about the picture above?

(A) If the 2 lions had been taller, they wouldn’t have to had helped each other.

(B) If one lion was bigger, the other wouldn’t be help him.

(C) Had one lion taller, the other would have helped him.

(D) Should a lion be bigger, the other have helped him.

(E) If one lion were taller, the other one wouldn’t have had to help him.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :

>> ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)

>> CONTEXTO: Empregamos a estrutura acima, quando imaginamos uma mudança presente com um resultado no passado, ou seja, empregamos em uma hipótese, imaginando como uma situação diferente no presente significaria que o passado também seria diferente:

>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL DA FIGURA:

• Os leões em todos os lugares podem subir em galhos, mas eles simplesmente não são muito bons na descida na árvore.
• A cena descreve um leão no chão servindo de apoio para que um outro leão possa descer da árvore.
• A hipótese no cenário dado, é que se o leão (na vertical) fosse mais alto não precisaria da ajuda do outro leão no chão.
• Contudo, a questão é gramatical.
• Neste aspecto, cabe no contexto acima, a estrutura gramatical:
• If + past simple >> would have + Past Paticiple"
• Sendo assim, a opção que atende o aspecto gramatical e contexto dado é a opção (E):
• If one lion were taller, the other one wouldn’t have had to help him.
• Se um leão fosse mais alto, o outro não precisaria ajudá-lo.

>> DEMAIS OPÇÕES INCORRETAS:

(A) If the 2 lions had been taller, they wouldn’t have to had helped each other.

(B) If one lion was bigger, the other wouldn’t be help him.

(C) Had one lion taller, the other would have helped him. (FORA DE CONTEXTO)

Se um leão fosse mais alto, o outro o teria ajudado.

(D) Should a lion be bigger, the other have helped him.

>> MAIS EXEMPLOS COM A ESTRUTURA:

(If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)

• If I knew her number, I would have called her. (Se soubesse o número dela, eu teria ligado para ela.
• If she were here right now, she would have solved the problem immediately. (Se ela estivesse aqui agora, ela teria resolvido o problema imediatamente.) 
• If I didn’t have so much work, I would have gone to the party last night. (Se não tivesse tanto trabalho, eu teria ido à festa ontem à noite.)
• I would have understood them if I spoke German. (Eu os teria entendido se eu falasse alemão.
• It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday. (É muito importante. Se não fosse, eu não teria ligado para você nas suas férias.
• If we didn't trust him we would have sacked him months ago. (Se não confiássemos nele, nós o teríamos demitido meses atrás.)
• I 'd have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting.

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: https://test-english.com

02 – (EEAR-CFS-2016-BCT-TURMA 2)  Read the cartoon and answer questions 36.

Replace the numbers (1) and (2) in the cartoon with the right form of the verbs.

a) (1) will look – (2) had sink
b) (1) would look – (2) had sank
c) (1) would look – (2) hadn't sunk
d) (1) wouldn’t look – (2) haven’t sunk

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (3rd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (2nd conditional)" :

IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: como uma mudança em uma situação passada teria um resultado no presente, ou seja, Se as outras duas montes (PILHAS DE LIXO) não tivessem afundadas, o cenário pareceria mais ecológico.

• MIXED CONDITIONAL:
• If + Past Perfect >> would + Base Form.
• This would look more environmentally-friendly if the other two heaps hadn't sunk to the bottom.
• Isso pareceria mais ecológico se as outras duas pilhas não tivessem afundado.

Replace the numbers (1) and (2) in the cartoon with the right form of the verbs.

a) (1) will look – (2) had sink
b) (1) would look – (2) had sank
c) (1) would look – (2) hadn't sunk
d) (1) wouldn’t look – (2) haven’t sunk

>> VERBO "TO SINK" (sink, sank, sunk):

>>TRADUÇÃO DO CARTOON:

• HOMEM 1:
• What a mess in the ocean!
• Que bagunça no oceano!
• HOMEM 2:
• This would look more environmentally-friendly if the other two heaps hadn't sunk to the bottom.
• Isso pareceria mais ecológico se os outros dois montões (pilhas de lixo) não tivessem afundado.

03 – (EEAR-CFS-2011-BCT-TURMA 2) Select the alternative in which the conditional sentence has the same idea as in

• “…the skill of the pilot kept the airliner from colliding with the airport.”, (lines 10, 11 and 12).

(A) The plane will collide with the airport if the pilot is skilled.

(B) The plane would have collided with the airport if the pilot were skilled.

(C) If the pilot were not skilled, the plane would have collided with the airport.

(D) If the pilot had been skilled, the plane would not have collided with the airport.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :

>> If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)

>>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• “…the skill of the pilot kept the airliner from colliding with the airport.”
• a habilidade do piloto impediu que o avião colidisse com o aeroporto.
• IDEIA TRANSMITIDA:
• Se o piloto não fosse habilidoso, o avião teria colidido com o aeroporto.

(A) The plane will collide with the airport if the pilot is skilled.

O avião colidirá com o aeroporto se o piloto for habilidoso.

>>Opção (a) com padrão condicional (1st conditional) gramaticamente correto, porém, semanticamente incoerente com a ideia transmitida pelo trecho do texto.

(B) The plane would have collided with the airport if the pilot were skilled.

O avião teria colidido com o aeroporto se o piloto fosse habilidoso.

>>Opção (b) com erro de gramática e com erro de semântica.

(C) If the pilot were not skilled, the plane would have collided with the airport. ()

Se o piloto não fosse habilidoso, o avião teria colidido com o aeroporto.

>>Opção (C) gramaticalmente correta e semanticamente coerente com a ideia transmitida pelo trecho do texto

• ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past Participle)
• MIXED CONDITIONAL: "PRESENT CONDITION (2nd conditional) >> PAST RESULT(3rd conditional).

(D) If the pilot had been skilled, the plane would not have collided with the airport.

Se o piloto fosse habilidoso, o avião não teria colidido com o aeroporto.

>>Opção (d) com erro de gramática e com erro de semântica.

• ESTRUTURA = If + Past Perfect >> would + Base Form.
• MIXED CONDITIONAL: "PAST CONDITION (3rd conditional) >> PRESENT RESULT(2nd conditional).

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: https://test-english.com

04 – (UNESP-1991) Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna da frase a seguir:

• If he put it this way, everybody __________ with him.

a) would agree

b) should have agreed

c) will agree

d) would has agreed

e) agreeded

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• If he put it this way, everybody would agree  with him."
• Se ele colocasse dessa maneira, todo mundo concordaria com ele.

>> IF-clause no PAST SIMPLE (put) → MAIN CLAUSE com WOULD + Base Form (agree).

>>WATCH OUT (1): 

• He put >> Past Simple.
• He puts >> Present Simple.

>>WATCH OUT (2): 

Para lembrar da estrutura da 2ª condicional, lembre-se da famosa frase de conselho "If I were you, ...."(Se eu fosse você, ...":

• If I were you, I woud study more.
• Se eu fosse você, estudaria mais.

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: https://pt.slideshare.net

05 – (ITA-SP-1997)

• Lady Astor MP:
• "If you __(I)__ my husband I __(II)__ poison your coffee".
• Churchill:
• "If you __(III)__ my wife I __(IV)__ drink it."

Os termos que melhor preenchem as lacunas I, II, III e IV são:

a) were (I), would (II), were (III), had (IV).

b) was (I), would (II), was (III), would (IV).

c) were (I), had (II), were (III), had (IV).

d) was (I), could (II), was (III), would (IV).

e) were (I), would (II), were (III), would (IV).

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

>> DIÁLOGO:

• Lady Astor MP:
• If you were my husband I would poison your coffee.
• Se você fosse meu marido eu envenenaria seu café.
• Churchill:
• If you were my wife I would drink it.
• Se você fosse minha esposa eu beberia.

➽ O passado simples do verbo TO BE pode ser WAS ou WERE. Na condicional, WERE é usado para todas as pessoas (I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they).

➽ Na 02 orações, as IF CLAUSEs estão no "Simple Past"(were, were) e é por isso que as MAIN CLAUSEs deverão ficar com WOULD+VP com infinitivo sem o TO(would poison, would drink).

06 – (EFOMM-PS-2011-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Mark the option in which the if-clause expresses that it is possible, but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

(A) If I'd seen her, I would have asked her to call Mary.

(B) If you get a taxi, you will get there in no time.

(C) If I am late for work, my boss gets angry with me.

(D) If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

(E) If I had passed this exam, I would have been promoted.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

USO: Imaginary situation.

GRAU DE POSSIBILIDADE: Very unlikely.

>> WATCH OUT:

• Zero condicional – expressa algo que é REAL E SEMPRE ACONTECE.
• 1rt condicional – expressa algo REAL e PROVÁVEL de acontecer.
• 2nd condicional – expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e MUITO IMPROVÁVEL DE ACONTECER..
• 3rd condicional – expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.

(A) If I'd seen her, I would have asked her to call Mary. (Se a tivesse visto, eu teria pedido a ela para ligar para Mary.)

• ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
• If I had seen … // I would have asked …
• IF + Past Perfect // would have + Past Participle
• CONTEXTO:
• Caso de 3ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.

(B) If you get a taxi, you will get there in no time. (Se você pegar um táxi, você chegará lá em pouco tempo.)

• ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
• If you get …// you will… …
• IF + Present Simple // Future Simple.
• CONTEXTO:
• Caso de 1ª condicional que expressa algo REAL PORÉM PROVÁVEL de acontecer.

(C) If I am late for work, my boss gets angry with me. (Se estou atrasado para o trabalho, meu chefe fica bravo comigo.)

• ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
• If I am …// gets…
• IF + Present Simple // Present Simple.
• CONTEXTO:
• Caso de ZERO condicional que expressa algo que é REAL E SEMPRE ACONTECE.

(D) If I found her address, I would send her an invitation. (Se eu encontrasse seu endereço, eu lhe enviaria um convite.)

• ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
• If I found … // I would send ...
• IF + Past // would +Base Form.
• CONTEXTO:
• Caso de 2ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e MUITO IMPROVÁVEL DE ACONTECER.

(E) If I had passed this exam, I would have been promoted. (Se eu tivesse passado este exame, eu teria sido promovido)

• ESTRUTURA UTILIZADA:
• If I had passed … // I would have been promoted …
• IF + Past Perfect // would have + Past Perfect.
• CONTEXTO:
• Caso de 3ª condicional que expressa algo HIPOTÉTICO e IMPOSSÍVEL DE ACONTECER.

>> Portanto, a resposta correta é a alternativa “D”.

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

https://www.englishlessonviaskype.com/how-to-use-conditionals-in-english/

07 – (MACKENZIE-SP-1996) Indicate the alternative that best completes the following sentence:

• If you had taken my advice, you __________.

(A) would learned the lesson

(B) would have learnt the lesson

(C) should learned the lesson

(D) would learn the lesson

(E) should understand the lesson

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :

>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• If you had taken my advice, you would have learnt the lesson.
• Se você tivesse seguido meu conselho, teria aprendido a lição.

>> EXPLICAÇÃO GRAMATICAL:

• Na oração dada, a IF CLAUSE está no "PAST PERFECT"(had taken) e é por isso que a MAIN CLAUSE deverá ficar com WOULD HAVE + VP no particípio passado(would have learnt).

08 – (EFOMM-PS-2013-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

• "John's birthday is tomorrow. ______ I known about it, I would have bought him a gift."

(A) Would
(B) Did
(C) Could
(D) Had
(E) Have

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - INVERTED 3rd CONDITIONAL :

>>THE STRUCTURE:

(inverte o auxiliar "had" com o sujeito e deleta o "IF")

• had + subject + past participle.

>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• John's birthday is tomorrow. Had I known about it, I would have bought him a gift.
• Se não estivesse ocupado, ele acompanharia o seu primo.

(A) Would
(B) Did
(C) Could
(D) Had
(E) Have

>> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:

>>3rd Conditional:

• If I had known about it, I would have bought him a gift.

>>Inverted 3rd Conditional:

(inverte o auxiliar "had" com o sujeito "I" e deleta o "IF")

• Had I known about it, I would have bought him a gift.
• Se eu soubesse disso, eu teria comprado pra ele um presente.

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com

09 – (EFOMM-PS-2013-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

• Were he not busy, he ______ your cousin.

(A) will accompany

(B) can accompany
(C) would accompany
(D) had accompanied
(E) should accompany

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - INVERTED SECOND CONDITIONAL :

>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• Were he not busy, he would accompany your cousin.
• Se não estivesse ocupado, ele acompanharia o seu primo.

(A) will accompany

(B) can accompany
(C) would accompany
(D) had accompanied
(E) should accompany

>> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:

• Na oração "Were he not busy", o sujeito (HE) está invertido com o verbo (WERE)  e não está na interrogativa,  o que se deduz que, tal oração é uma condicional INVERTIDA, ou seja, uma condicional com o IF SUPRIMIDO.
• CONDICIONAL NORMAL ==> If were not busy.
• CONDICIONAL INVERTIDA (ou condicicional com inversão) ==>  Were he not busy.
• SIMPLE PAST (na if-clause) combina verbalmente com WOULD + BASE FORM, na oração principal.
• Portanto, a sentença completa é:
• Were he not busy, he would accompany your cousin.

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: www.aprendeinglesenleganes.com

10 – (EFOMM-PS-2007-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

• The loan _____back if they hadn't been held up last week.

(A) would have paid
(B) would pay
(C) would have been paid
(D) will have paid
(E) will be paid

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL  in PASSIVE VOICE :

• The loan would have been paid back if they hadn't been held up last week.
• O empréstimo teria sido pago se eles não tivessem sido retidos na semana passada.

(A) would have paid
(B) would pay
(C) would have been paid
(D) will have paid
(E) will be paid

>>IF CLAUSE =  if they hadn't been held up ...

>>MAIN CLAUSE = would have been paid

11 – (EFOMM-PS-2016-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Say if the sentences below are C (correct) or I (incorrect). 

• (   ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.
• (   ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs.
• (   ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.
• (   ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.

The correct sequence is:

(A) (I) (I) (C) (I)
(B) (I) (I) (I) (C)
(C) (I) (C) (C) (I)
(D) (I) (C) (I) (I)
(E) (C) (I) (I) (C)

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - CONDITIONALS :

( I ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.

• I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would go home. (Second Conditional)

( C ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs. (Second Conditional)

( I ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.

• I’ll be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.(First Conditional)

( I  ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.

• If Carrie had been honest, she would have returned the money.(Third Conditional)

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

https://www.englishlessonviaskype.com/how-to-use-conditionals-in-english/

12 – (ESCOLA NAVAL-CPAEN-2017) Which of the sentences below is correct?

(A) You wouldn’t spend so much if you didn’t have a good salary.

(B) If you would plan to use Wi-Fi, connect your TV with your router.

(C) Unless he tried hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.

(D) If he were married, he won’t travel alone so much.

(E) She won’t buy a new car even if she'll have the money.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - CONDITIONALS :

Which of the sentences below is correct?

(A) You wouldn’t spend so much if you didn’t have a good salary. (2nd conditional)

• If-clause (didn’t have)  >> Main Clause (wouldn’t spend).

(B) If you would plan to use Wi-Fi, connect your TV with your router.

• If you plan to use Wi-Fi, you should connect your TV with your router.
• If-clause (plan)  >> Main Clause (should connect).

(C) Unless he tried hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.

• Unless he tries hard, he won’t get the job of his dreams.
• If-clause (tries)  >> Main Clause (won’t get).

(D) If he were married, he won’t travel alone so much.

• If he were married, he wouldn't travel alone so much.
• If-clause (were)  >> Main Clause (wouldn't travel).

(E) She won’t buy a new car even if she'll have the money.

• She will buy a new car even if she have the money.
• If-clause (have)  >> Main Clause (will buy).

13 – (EFOMM-PS-2005-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

• If my boss had not phoned the police on the spot, the thief _____________.

(A) would get away with it
(B) got away with it
(C) should got away with it
(D) would have gotten away with it
(E) has gotten away with it

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :

• If my boss had not phoned the police on the spot, the thief would have gotten away with it.
• Se meu chefe não tivesse telefonado para a polícia imediatamente, o ladrão teria escapado impune.
• If-clause (had not phoned)  >> Main Clause (would have gotten away).
• If-clause (Past Perfect) >> Main Clause (would have + Past Participle)

(A) would get away with it 
(B) got away with it 
(C) should got away with it 
(D) would have gotten away with it 
(E) has gotten away with it

14 – (EEAR–CFS–1/2016–AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-AERONAVEGANTES–SARGENTO) Select the alternative that indicates the type of conditional in the sentence below.

• "According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will be a global warming."

(A) zero conditional
(B) first conditional
(C) third conditional
(D) second conditional

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - 1st CONDITIONAL → "PRESENTE SIMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WILL+ Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

>>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• "According to scientists, if the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, there will be a global warming."
• "Segundo os cientistas, se a quantidade de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera aumentar, haverá um aquecimento global."
• (if ... increases >> there will be)

>> ESTRUTURA = (If + Present simple >> Future)

>> TIPO = first conditional.

a) zero conditional
b) first conditional (PRESENTE na if-clause, FUTURO no outro lado)
c) third conditional
d) second conditional

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

From: www.grammar.cl

15 – (EEAR-CFS-2/2016-SARGENTO-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-AERONAVEGANTES) Select the alternative that completes the sentence below in the third conditional.

• If she hadn't read the news magazine, she ___________.

(A) hadn't seen the ad
(B) would see the ad
(C) couldn't see the ad
(D) wouldn't have seen the ad

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL(main-clause)" :

>> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL:(Particípio Passado em ambos os lados)

• NA AFIRMATIVA:
• [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have + Particípio Passado].

• NA NEGATIVA:
• [hadn't + Particípio Passado // wouldn't have + Particípio Passado

>> SENTENÇA DA QUESTÃO:

• "If she hadn't read the news magazine, she __________."

>> IF-CLAUSE: If she hadn't read the news magazine .

• "hadn't read" combina  com "wouldn't have seen".

• Portanto a estrutura gramaticalmente correta é:

• If she hadn't read the news magazine, she wouldn't have seen the ad.
• Se ela não tivesse lido a revista de notícias, ela não teria visto o anúncio.

>> WATCH OUT:

16 – (UECE-2010.1-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)

• Sheila would have gone to the party if she ...

(A) knows about it.
(B) had known about it.
(C) has known about it.
(D) will know about it.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO PERFEITO na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD HAVE + Past Participle na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

>> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL:(Particípio Passado em ambos os lados)

• NA AFIRMATIVA:
• [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have + Particípio Passado].

>> SENTENÇA DA QUESTÃO:

• Sheila would have gone to the party if she ...

>> COMBINAÇÃO VERBAL: 

• "would have gone" (main-clause) combina verbalmente  com Past Perfect "had known" na IF-Clause.
• Portanto a sentença gramaticalmente correta é:
• Sheila would have gone to the party if she had known about it.
• Sheila teria ido à festa se soubesse.

17 – (FUVEST-2003-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE) Choose the item which best completes the sentence, according to the passage:

• "Diana wouldn't be at the farm in time for dinner unless she _____ by five."

(A) would get away

(B) gets away

(C) got away

(D) had got away

(E) can get away

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - 2nd CONDITIONAL → "PASSADO SÍMPLES na CONDICIONAL (IF-clause) combina com WOULD + Base Form na FRASE PRINCIPAL (main-clause)" :

>>SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• "Diana wouldn't be at the farm in time for dinner unless she got away by five."
• Diana não chegaria à fazenda a tempo para o jantar a menos que saísse às cinco.
• TEMPO VERBAL da if clause → SIMPLE PAST, que é um tempo verbal anterior a da SITUAÇÃO HIPOTÉTICA NO PRESENTE (would + base form).

a) would get away (erro gramatical estrutural, NÃO EXISTE  modal em "if-clause")

b) gets away (erro gramatical de tempo verbal "Present Simple", inadequado ao contexto da sentença)

c) got away (tempo verbal "Past Simple", adequado ao contexto da sentença)

d) had got away (erro gramatical de tempo verbal "Past Perfect", inadequado ao contexto da sentença) 

e) can get away (erro gramatical estrutural, NÃO EXISTE modal em "if-clause")

>> IF = UNLESS / AS SOON AS / WHEN:

>> WATCH OUT (1):

*Unless significa algo semelhante a ‘IF … NOT’ ou ‘EXCEPT IF....".

*Unless (a não ser que, a menos que).

• We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains.
• Iremos para a costa amanhã, a menos que chova.

>> WATCH OUT (2):

Não usamos "UNLESS-Clause" para condições impossíveis, por exemplo:

• Unless the government had raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests.(INCORRETA)
• If the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests.(CORRETA)

>> WATCH OUT (3):

Não usamos "unless" e "if" juntos, por exemplo:

• We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless if it rains. (INCORRETA)
• We’ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains. (CORRETA). 

>> WATCH OUT (4):

• Em inglês, não existe TEMPO SUBJUNTIVO, e neste contexto, via regra gramatical, usaremos o verbo no "simple past" com ideia de subjuntivo (fosse).

18 – (UECE-2012.2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)

• If the scientists had not carried out the research, the discoveries ___________.

(A) would never have made

(B) will never have been made

(C) should never had been made

(D) would never have been made

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - 3rd CONDITIONAL IN PASSIVE VOICE :

>> ESTRUTURA DA 3ª CONDICIONAL NA VOZ PASSIVA:

•  [had + Particípio Passado] // [would have been + Particípio Passado].

>> MAIN-CLAUSE: the discoveries would never have been made.

• Subject = the discoveries.

>> SENTENÇA COMPLETA:

• If the scientists had not carried out the research, the discoveries would never have been made.
• Se os cientistas não tivessem realizado a pesquisa, as descobertas nunca teriam sido feitas.

19 – (UECE-2010.2-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE)

• If the author knew then what he knows now, he

(A) will find another ending for his novel.

(B) would have found another ending for his novel.

(C) would found another ending for his novel.

(D) can have found another ending for his novel.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - MIXED CONDITIONAL →"PAST CONDITION (2nd conditional) // PRESENT RESULT (3rd conditional)" :

>> ESTRUTURA = (If + past simple >> would have + Past 

>> SENTENÇA COMPLETA:

• If the author knew then what he knows now, he would have found another ending for his novel.
• Se o autor soubesse naquela época o que sabe agora, ele teria encontrado outro final para seu romance.

(A) will find another ending for his novel.

(B) would have found another ending for his novel.

(C) would found another ending for his novel. (Não se usa verbo no passado (found) após WOULD.)

(D) can have found another ending for his novel.

20 – (FUVEST-1998-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE)

• "If I had found a Carl Sagan some 40 years ago, I might be in a different college in my university today." 

Qual das alternativas abaixo expressa a mesma ideia da oração acima?

(A) If I ought to find a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I would have been in a different college in my university today.

(B) If I may find a Carl Sagan, I’ll perhaps be in a different college in my university today.

(C) If I should find a Carl Sagan today, I would perhaps be in a different college in my university.

(D) Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.

(E) Unless I can find a Carl Sagan today, I'll never be in a different college in my university.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - INVERTED CONDITIONAL (CONDICIONAL COM INVERSÃO) :

>> SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• If I had found a Carl Sagan some 40 years ago, I might be in a different college in my university today.
• Se eu tivesse encontrado um Carl Sagan há cerca de 40 anos, hoje poderia estar em uma faculdade diferente da minha universidade.

Qual das alternativas abaixo expressa a mesma ideia da oração acima?

a) If I ought to find a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I would have been in a different college in my university today.

>>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).

b) If I may find a Carl Sagan, I’ll perhaps be in a different college in my university today.

>>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).

c) If I should find a Carl Sagan today, I would perhaps be in a different college in my university.

>>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).

d) Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.

e) Unless I can find a Carl Sagan today, I'll never be in a different college in my university.

>>(ERRO ESTRUTURAL: Não se usa modal em if-clause).

>> INVERTED CONDITIONAL:

• CONDICIONAL NORMAL ==>  "If I had found".
• CONDICIONAL COM INVERSÃO ==> "Had I found" 
• Perceba: retira-se o "If" e inverte-se "I had" para "Had I".
• Sendo assim, a opção (D) é a correta: apresenta a "condicional com inversão" e expressa a mesma ideia contextual da sentença dada:
• Had I found a Carl Sagan 40 years ago, I could have been in a different college in my university today.
• Se eu tivesse encontrado um Carl Sagan há 40 anos, eu poderia estar em uma faculdade diferente da minha universidade hoje.