Welcome back to another post!
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR-10/07/2011.
❑ ORGANIZADOR: www.cesgranrio.org.br.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA-2011:
➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – Model copes with chaos to deliver relief -Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions – www.sciencenews.org (10 questions)
❑ GABARITO:
01-B, 02-D, 03-E, 04-A, 05-C
06-D, 07-C, 08-E, 09-A, 10-C
❑ PROVA:
➧ TEXT:
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief
Computer program helps responders transport
supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg
Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
1 WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
2 The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
3 Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
4 By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
5 ‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or
during epidemics or breaches of national security.’
6 The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines.
<http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/70083/title/
Model_copes_with_chaos_to_deliver_relief>.
Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
The communicative intention of the article is to
(A) criticize the inefficient transportation of supplies during stressful events.
(B) announce a study to identify an effective strategy to distribute goods and services in emergencies.
(C) alert society about the arguments against the delivery of humanitarian aid during natural disasters.
(D) report on a computational model to speed up the shipment of perishable products through clogged roads in summer.
(E) argue that the building of alternative highways is paramount to a more efficient distribution of supplies
in everyday situations.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The communicative intention of the article is to
(A) criticize the inefficient transportation of supplies during stressful events.
(B) announce a study to identify an effective strategy to distribute goods and services in emergencies.
(C) alert society about the arguments against the delivery of humanitarian aid during natural disasters.
(D) report on a computational model to speed up the shipment of perishable products through clogged roads in summer.
(E) argue that the building of alternative highways is paramount to a more efficient distribution of supplies
in everyday situations.
(B) announce a study to identify an effective strategy to distribute goods and services in emergencies.
(C) alert society about the arguments against the delivery of humanitarian aid during natural disasters.
(D) report on a computational model to speed up the shipment of perishable products through clogged roads in summer.
(E) argue that the building of alternative highways is paramount to a more efficient distribution of supplies
in everyday situations.
02 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
According to Anna Nagurney, in paragraph 3 (lines 14-26), an efficient logistics system must consider the
(A) shortest route that links two fragile end points.
(B) only means to take perishable goods by land.
(C) most profitable network, in terms of cheap transport.
(D) lowest cost to place goods safely and in adequate conditions.
(E) use of standard transportation means normally used for medical products.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
According to Anna Nagurney, in paragraph 3 (lines 14-26), an efficient logistics system must consider the
According to Anna Nagurney, in paragraph 3 (lines 14-26), an efficient logistics system must consider the
(A) shortest route that links two fragile end points.
(B) only means to take perishable goods by land.
(C) most profitable network, in terms of cheap transport.
(D) lowest cost to place goods safely and in adequate conditions.
(E) use of standard transportation means normally used for medical products.
(B) only means to take perishable goods by land.
(C) most profitable network, in terms of cheap transport.
(D) lowest cost to place goods safely and in adequate conditions.
(E) use of standard transportation means normally used for medical products.
Nagurney’s comment
“‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’” (lines 25-26)
refers to the fact that
(A) in regular deliveries, many problems are caused by the same factors.
(B) the transportation of unperishable goods is the single issue to be considered.
(C) finding efficacious transportation solutions depends exclusively on political decisions.
(D) inefficient management has been multiplying the
problems caused by distribution channels.
(E) delivering products in emergency situations requires analyzing many factors besides cost and time.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) in regular deliveries, many problems are caused by the same factors.
(B) the transportation of unperishable goods is the single issue to be considered.
(C) finding efficacious transportation solutions depends exclusively on political decisions.
(D) inefficient management has been multiplying the
problems caused by distribution channels.
(E) delivering products in emergency situations requires analyzing many factors besides cost and time.
(B) the transportation of unperishable goods is the single issue to be considered.
(C) finding efficacious transportation solutions depends exclusively on political decisions.
(D) inefficient management has been multiplying the
problems caused by distribution channels.
(E) delivering products in emergency situations requires analyzing many factors besides cost and time.
04 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
Iain Couzin is mentioned in paragraph 5 (lines 33-40) because he
(A) believes that computational tools are very useful in predicting and reacting to misfortunate incidents.
(B) provides the only efficient alternative to the computer model presented by Anna Nagurney.
(C) claims that the use of computational tools in dealing with disaster scenarios has been ineffective.
(D) found a faster and more reliable means of preventing epidemics and breaches of security.
(E) developed mathematical tools to justify individual animal routines.
(B) provides the only efficient alternative to the computer model presented by Anna Nagurney.
(C) claims that the use of computational tools in dealing with disaster scenarios has been ineffective.
(D) found a faster and more reliable means of preventing epidemics and breaches of security.
(E) developed mathematical tools to justify individual animal routines.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) believes that computational tools are very useful in predicting and reacting to misfortunate incidents.
(B) provides the only efficient alternative to the computer model presented by Anna Nagurney.
(C) claims that the use of computational tools in dealing with disaster scenarios has been ineffective.
(D) found a faster and more reliable means of preventing epidemics and breaches of security.
(E) developed mathematical tools to justify individual animal routines.
(B) provides the only efficient alternative to the computer model presented by Anna Nagurney.
(C) claims that the use of computational tools in dealing with disaster scenarios has been ineffective.
(D) found a faster and more reliable means of preventing epidemics and breaches of security.
(E) developed mathematical tools to justify individual animal routines.
05 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
“such critical perturbations,” (lines 34-35)
refers to all the items below, EXCEPT
(A) congestion
(B) delivery delays
(C) computer supplies
(D) disrupted roads
(E) loss of products
(B) delivery delays
(C) computer supplies
(D) disrupted roads
(E) loss of products
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) congestion
(B) delivery delays
(C) computer supplies
(D) disrupted roads
(E) loss of products
(B) delivery delays
(C) computer supplies
(D) disrupted roads
(E) loss of products
06 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
The expression in boldface introduces the idea of conclusion in
(A) “But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid,” (lines 4-6)
(B) “Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit,” (lines 20-21)
(C) “her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability
of the product…” (lines 21-23)
(D) “‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’”
(lines 24-25)
(E) “‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster
scenarios...’” (lines 37-39)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) “But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid,” (lines 4-6)
(B) “Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit,” (lines 20-21)
(C) “her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability
of the product…” (lines 21-23)
(D) “‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’”
(lines 24-25)
(E) “‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster
scenarios...’” (lines 37-39)
(B) “Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit,” (lines 20-21)
(C) “her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability
of the product…” (lines 21-23)
(D) “‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’”
(lines 24-25)
(E) “‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster
scenarios...’” (lines 37-39)
07 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
In terms of pronominal reference,
(A) “…that…” (line 2) refers to “…blood…” (line 1).
(B) “…which…” (line 11) refers to “…supplies…” (line 10).
(C) “where…” (line 16) refers to “…networks” (line 15).
(D) “…where…” (line 31) refers to “…routes…” (line 31).
(E) “This…” (line 37) refers to “…behavior.” (line 37).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) “…that…” (line 2) refers to “…blood…” (line 1).
(B) “…which…” (line 11) refers to “…supplies…” (line 10).
(C) “where…” (line 16) refers to “…networks” (line 15).
(D) “…where…” (line 31) refers to “…routes…” (line 31).
(E) “This…” (line 37) refers to “…behavior.” (line 37).
(B) “…which…” (line 11) refers to “…supplies…” (line 10).
(C) “where…” (line 16) refers to “…networks” (line 15).
(D) “…where…” (line 31) refers to “…routes…” (line 31).
(E) “This…” (line 37) refers to “…behavior.” (line 37).
08 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are antonymous in
(A) “…tough…” (subtitle) – complicated
(B) “…clogged…” (line 7) – crowded
(C) “…disrupted.” (line 32) – destroyed
(D) “…breaches…” (line 40) – violations
(E) “pressing…” (line 41) – trivial
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) “…tough…” (subtitle) – complicated
(B) “…clogged…” (line 7) – crowded
(C) “…disrupted.” (line 32) – destroyed
(D) “…breaches…” (line 40) – violations
(E) “pressing…” (line 41) – trivial
(B) “…clogged…” (line 7) – crowded
(C) “…disrupted.” (line 32) – destroyed
(D) “…breaches…” (line 40) – violations
(E) “pressing…” (line 41) – trivial
09 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
In
“The work can be applied to immediate, pressing
situations,” (lines 41-42), the fragment “can be applied”
situations,” (lines 41-42), the fragment “can be applied”
is replaced, without change in meaning, by
(A) may be applied.
(B) has to be applied.
(C) ought to be applied.
(D) will definitely be applied.
(E) might occasionally be applied.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) may be applied.
(B) has to be applied.
(C) ought to be applied.
(D) will definitely be applied.
(E) might occasionally be applied.
(B) has to be applied.
(C) ought to be applied.
(D) will definitely be applied.
(E) might occasionally be applied.
10 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-TRANSPETRO-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)
The computer model discussed in the text
“…copes with chaos to deliver relief” (title) and analyzes different factors."
The only factor NOT taken in consideration in the model is the
(A) probability of product decay or loss.
(B) possible congestions in chaotic areas.
(C) reduction of costs to increase profits.
(D) unpredictability of status of certain routes.
(E) most efficient route between geographical areas.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
The only factor NOT taken in consideration in the model is the
(A) probability of product decay or loss.
(B) possible congestions in chaotic areas.
(C) reduction of costs to increase profits.
(D) unpredictability of status of certain routes.
(E) most efficient route between geographical areas.
(A) probability of product decay or loss.
(B) possible congestions in chaotic areas.
(C) reduction of costs to increase profits.
(D) unpredictability of status of certain routes.
(E) most efficient route between geographical areas.
➧ TERMINOLOGIA TÉCNICA:
(2) SUPPLY CHAIN (Definition: the series of organizations that are involved in passing products from manufacturers to the public) – Efficient supply chains (Cadeias eficientes de suprimentos).
(3) SUPPLY CHAIN (Definition: the system of people and organizations that are involved in getting a product from the place where it is made to customers) – the retail supply chain (cadeia de suprimentos de varejo) – supply-chain costs (custos da cadeia de suprimentos) – supply-chain problems (problemas da cadeia de suprimentos) – along the supply chain (ao longo da cadeia de abastecimento) – in the supply chain (na cadeia de abastecimento) – the supply chain level (o nível da cadeia de suprimentos) – the supply chain for (a cadeia de abastecimento para) – the entire supply chain for (toda a cadeia de abastecimento para) – the entire supply chain (toda a cadeia de abastecimento) – supply chain livestock systems (sistemas pecuários de cadeia de abastecimento,) – Partnerships among supply chain actors (Parcerias entre atores da cadeia de suprimentos).
