CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS-2008-Concurso Público para Nível Superior(vários cargos) da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2008 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo:Nível Superior(vários cargos)-Prova aplicada em 08/06/2008.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com

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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

👉  Texto   "Oil could transform Brazil's economy. But not necessarily for the better"(O petróleo poderia transformar a economia brasileira. Mas não necessariamente para melhor) 

[c]Dicionários sugestivos
Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os 03(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
[to ]

🔄Phrasal Verbs:

[to ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
["]

🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):

["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]  
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

["]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
[]

🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:

[]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

["]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]

🔄Expressões comuns:
["] 
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
["]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
["]
🔄Questions:
[?"]

🔄Falso cognato:

["]

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Agora, vamos à prova.
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Oil could transform Brazil’s economy. But not necessarily for the better

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The legend is that Brazil never lives up to its vast potential. When Stefan Zweig, an exiled Austrian writer, said in 1941 of his new home that it was the "country of the future", popular humour quickly added "and it always will be". More recently, when Goldman Sachs classified Brazil together with Russia, India and China as the “BRIC” countries that collectively represent the world's economic future, there was much complaining that its mediocre rate of economic growth condemned it to be an intruder in such dynamic company.
          
Yet there are reasons to believe that South America's economic powerhouse of 190 million people is starting to count in the world. Economic growth has risen steadily, to 5.4% last year. That is modest by Chinese standards— but the comparison is misleading. Brazil enjoyed Chinese rates of growth in the third quarter of the 20th century. That was when it was almost as poor as China. It is much harder for a middle-income country, as Brazil now is, to grow at such rates. And now it looks as if Brazil will become an oil power, too.
          
Brazil’s previous growth boom was derailed by debt and high oil prices, a collapse that obliged its then military government to give way to civilian rule. The early years of restored democracy saw chronic inflation, economic torpor and political drift. In the past decade and a half, however, under reforming democratic governments, Brazil has conquered inflation, opened a protected economy to the world and begun to tackle its social problems. Poverty and inequality are falling steadily.
           
All this has gradually created a new mood among business people. Brazilian companies, traditionally inward-looking family-owned affairs, are going to the stockmarket to raise funds, in many cases to finance expansion abroad. Some, such as Vale, the world’s second-biggest mining company, and Embraer, its third-largest maker of civilian aircraft, both privatised in the 1990s, are well-known. A string of others are about to become so.
          
Many of these companies are linked to agribusiness or other primary commodities. Additionally, some economists argue that Brazil is the beneficiary of a structural shift, in which the industrialisation of Asia and the rise of a new middle class in the developing world will keep commodity prices high. Besides, Brazil produces more than just soyabeans. It has a lot of manufacturing industry too. And its newly discovered offshore fields of oil and natural gas may turn out to be bigger than those in the North Sea in the 1960s.
          
Oil wealth is lovely, of course. But it is also a cause for concern. The worry now is that a bonanza of oil will weaken an already infirm resolve to dig deeper into the economy’s structural problems. These difficulties include an oppressive tax system and a labour code that makes firms cautious in hiring. Between them these have confined some 40% of the workforce to the informal economy. Compared with its past, Brazil is indeed doing much better. But before oil euphoria kicks in, Brazil’s leaders should ask themselves why so many other countries have made bigger returns from a much smaller natural endowment.

Apr 17th 2008 From The Economist print edition

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👉 Questão  11 :
According to Paragraph 1 (lines 1-10), Brazil
(A) is not allowed to explore its abundant natural resources.
(B) will never be ranked with countries such as Russia, India and China.
(C) will never be a country of the future due to its accelerated economic growth.
(D) was considered to be a promising land by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig.
(E) is condemned to play a small part among the most powerful nations of the world.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*O item (A) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil não tem permissão para explorar seus abundantes recursos naturais.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
*O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil nunca será classificado tais como países como Rússia, Índia e China.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
*O item (C) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil nunca será um país do futuro devido ao seu crescimento econômico acelerado.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração absurda.
*O item (D) está CORRETO ao afirmar que o Brasil era considerado ser uma terra promissora pelo escritor austríaco Stefan Zweig.Veja texto:
"[...]When Stefan Zweig, an exiled Austrian writer, said in 1941 of his new home that it was the "country of the future".
*O item (E) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil está condenado a representar um papel pequeno entre as nações mais poderosas do mundo.O texto não não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
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👉 Questão  12 :
The sentence “Yet there are reasons to believe that South America’s economic powerhouse of 190 million people is starting to count in the world.” (lines 11-13), which introduces Paragraph 2,
(A) confirms that the several critics of Brazil were right in their predictions.
(B) justifies why Brazil could not be added to the group of “BRIC” countries.
(C) explains why Brazil should depend on South American economic powers.
(D) criticizes Brazil’s low rate of economic growth, compared to Chinese rates.
(E) contradicts the criticism that Brazil would not have a role in the world’s economic future. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
*
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👉 Questão  13 :
According to Paragraph 2 (lines 11-20),
(A) China has been growing faster than Brazil lately.
(B) Brazil is, currently, as poor as China and needs to grow faster.
(C) Brazil and China have 190 million economically active people.
(D) Brazil had similar growth rates as China’s in the early 20th century period.
(E) Brazil and China have both reached equal levels of income for their populations.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
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👉 Questão  14 :
Which alternative contains a correct correspondence of meaning?
(A) “restored” (line 24) and reestablished are antonyms.
(B) “tackle” (line 28) and deal with are synonyms. (C) “shift” (line 40) is the opposite of change.
(D) “newly” (line 45) and recently are not synonyms.
(E) “confined” (line 53) means the same as released. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
*
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👉 Questão  15 :
Check the option in which the phrase is INCORRECTLY explained.
(A) “South America’s economic powerhouse” (lines 11-12) = the economic powerhouse of South America.
(B) “traditionally inward-looking family-owned affairs” (lines 31-32) = affairs owned by traditional families who look inwards.
(C) “the world’s second-biggest mining company” (line 34) = a mining company that is the second biggest one in the world.
(D) “third-largest maker of civilian aircraft” (line 35) = a civilian aircraft maker that is the third largest one.
(E) “newly discovered offshore fields of oil and natural gas” (line 45) = fields of oil and natural gas that are offshore and that have been newly discovered.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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👉 Questão  16 :
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
(A) “its” (line 8) refers to “world’s” (line 7).
(B) “That” (line 14) refers to “year” (line 14).
(C) “this” (line 30) refers to “new mood” (line 30). (D) “others” (line 37) refers to “business people” (lines 30-31).
(E) “those” (line 46) refers to “fields” (line 45). 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  17 :
The only item where the boldfaced word may be replaced by furthermore is
(A) “In the past decade and a half, however, under reforming democratic governments, Brazil has conquered inflation,” (lines 25-27)
(B) “Some, such as Vale, the world’s second-biggest mining company,” (lines 33-34)
(C) “Additionally, some economists argue that Brazil is the beneficiary of a structural shift,” (lines 39-40)
(D) “Compared with its past, Brazil is indeed doing much better.” (line 55)
(E) “But before oil euphoria kicks in,” (line 56) 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
*
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👉 Questão  18 : 
According to Paragraph 6 (lines 48-54), oil can  be considered a cause of concern because
(A) economic problems can weaken Brazil’s ability to explore the new oil resources.
(B) Brazil’s newly discovered oil resources are not as big as the experts previously expected.
(C) the current oil drilling technology is not appropriate for the extraction of all the oil discovered.
(D) the nation’s leaders might forget the structural problems in the euphoric scenario of new oil sources.
(E) the heavy taxation of oil products might maximize the economic returns of drilling the recently discovered oil wealth.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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👉 Questão  19 :
The fragment “Brazil’s leaders should ask themselves why so many other countries have made bigger returns from a much smaller natural endowment.” (lines 56-58) means that Brazil’s leaders
(A) should not concern themselves about why other countries have been more lucrative than Brazil.
(B) may be in doubt whether it is true that Brazil will eventually make as much money as countries with vast of natural resources.
(C) might speculate if Brazil could make more gains if it made a better use of its scarce natural gifts.
(D) would rather investigate how some countries that are not as rich as Brazil find the means to survive.
(E) had better analyze why countries with fewer natural resources than Brazil have been more profitable.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  20 :
 The text as a whole is both
(A) pessimistic and sarcastic.
(B) optimistic and enthusiastic.
(C) argumentative and watchful.
(D) persuasive and comforting.
(E) hopeless and terrifying.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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