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segunda-feira, 25 de novembro de 2013

ESPP–2013–COBRA TECNOLOGIA–ANALISTA ADMINISTRATIVO–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
  • ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA S.A - Analista Administrativo.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.


 PROVA:


 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

Read the text The internet vigilantes: Anonymous hackers' group outs man, 32, 'who drove girl, 15, to suicide by spreading topless photos of her' and answer questions 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26.
Leia o texto Os vigilantes da internet: grupo de hackers anónimos desmascara homem, 32 anos, 'que levou menina, 15 anos, ao suicídio ao espalhar fotos suas em topless' e responda às questões 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 e 26.

The internet vigilantes: Anonymous hackers' group outs man, 32, 'who drove girl, 15, to suicide by spreading topless photos of her'
Os vigilantes da Internet: grupo de hackers anónimos expulsa homem, de 32 anos, 'que levou a menina, de 15, ao suicídio, espalhando fotos suas em topless'

Anonymous has named a man it claims posted topless pictures of a 15-year-old girl online and harassed her so relentlessly that she killed herself. 
O Anonymous nomeou um homem que terá publicado fotos de uma garota de 15 anos em topless online e a assediou tão implacavelmente que ela se matou.
  • "a 15-year-old girl" - uma garota de 15 anos.
Amanda Todd, from Vancouver, Canada, was found hanged in her home on October 10, just weeks after she uploaded a video to YouTube detailing her horrific treatment at the hands of cyber bullies.
Amanda Todd, de Vancouver, no Canadá, foi encontrada enforcada em sua casa no dia 10 de outubro, poucas semanas depois de ter enviado um vídeo para o YouTube, detalhando o seu tratamento horrível às mãos de agressores cibernéticos.
  • "was found hanged" - foi encontrada enforcada.
  • "just weeks after" - poucas semanas depois.
When she was just 12, a man in an internet chat room convinced her to flash her breasts, and a year later, he plastered a picture of the incident across Facebook.
Quando ela tinha apenas 12 anos, um homem numa sala de chat na Internet convenceu-a a mostrar os seios e, um ano depois, divulgou uma fotografia do incidente no Facebook.
Now in a vigilante move, Anonymous, the world's largest hacking group, has named the man allegedly responsible for the picture.
Agora, num movimento de vigilância, os Anonymous, o maior grupo de hackers do mundo, nomearam o homem supostamente responsável pela foto.
The group claims that he is a 32-year-old from British Columbia, but MailOnline has chosen not to identify him for legal reasons.
O grupo afirma que tem 32 anos e é natural da Colúmbia Britânica, mas o MailOnline optou por não o identificar por motivos legais.
  • "The group claims that" - O grupo afirma que.
  • "The group claim that" - O grupo afirmam que.
  • GRAMÁTICA: Alguns substantivos coletivos como audience (audiência), class (turma, classe), club (clube), company (companhia), congregation (congregação), family (família), government (governo), group (grupo), team (time) e union (união) podem ser usados com o verbo no singular ou no plural.(GRAMÁTICA - Língua Inglesa - Teoria e Prática - Giovana Teixeira Campos.)
As Todd's supporters set up Facebook pages warning the man to 'sleep with one eye open', the move by Anonymous sparks concerns over its abilities to create a 'trial by internet' - bypassing the justice system and casting guilt.
Enquanto os apoiadores de Todd criam páginas no Facebook alertando o homem para “dormir com um olho aberto”, a medida do Anonymous levanta preocupações sobre a sua capacidade de criar um “julgamento pela Internet” – contornando o sistema de justiça e lançando culpas.
In a video posted to YouTube by Anonymous, a figure claims the group lists his personal information, including his date of birth and address.
Num vídeo publicado no YouTube pelos Anonymous, uma figura afirma que o grupo lista as suas informações pessoais, incluindo a data de nascimento e a morada.
It explains that his username appears on websites where he 'blackmailed' and gave advice to young girls.
Explica que o seu nome de usuário aparece em websites onde ele “chantageava” e dava conselhos a garotas.
The same username is also tied to a website with a 'jailbait' photo gallery.
O mesmo nome de usuário também está ligado a um site com uma galeria de fotos ‘jailbait’.
'[He] is an abomination to our society, and will be punished,' the Anonymous figure says.
“[Ele] é uma abominação para a nossa sociedade e será punido”, diz a figura dos Anonymous.
Referring to the possibility they might have the wrong man, they add: 'At the most this is the person who did this to Amanda Todd, and at the least it's another pedophile that enjoys taking advantage of children.'
Referindo-se à possibilidade de terem escolhido o homem errado, acrescentam: 'No máximo, esta é a pessoa que fez isto à Amanda Todd e, no mínimo, é mais um pedófilo que gosta de se aproveitar das crianças'.
Following Anonymous' announcement, the web moved swiftly, with groups calling for his death and warning him to 'sleep with one eye open' cropping up on Facebook.
Após o anúncio dos Anonymous, a web mudou rapidamente, com grupos a pedir a sua morte e a alertá-lo para “dormir de olho aberto” a surgir no Facebook.
CKNW reporters have unsuccessfully tried to speak with the man, and neighbours have described his home as 'a known party house on the weekend with lots of young women coming and going'.
Os repórteres da CKNW tentaram, sem sucesso, falar com o homem, e os vizinhos descreveram a sua casa como “uma conhecida casa de festas aos fins-de-semana, com muitas mulheres jovens a entrar e a sair”.
But police attended the home on Monday after a neighbour, Chyne Simpson, said Anonymous named the wrong address. He said he felt threatened by internet users and asked them to stay away.
Mas a polícia compareceu na casa na segunda-feira, depois de um vizinho, Chyne Simpson, ter dito que o Anonymous deu a morada errada. Disse que se sentiu ameaçado pelos internautas e pediu-lhes que se afastassem.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police refused to confirm Anonymous have the right man but a spokesperson said they were aware that someone had been named.
A Real Polícia Montada do Canadá recusou-se a confirmar que o Anonymous tinha o homem certo, mas um porta-voz disse estar ciente de que alguém tinha sido nomeado.
'We are aware of what’s being posted online and certainly following up what we feel is important to follow up,' Sergeant Peter Thiessen told The Globe and Mail, adding: '[Vigilantes] run the risk of committing a criminal offence.'
"Estamos cientes do que está a ser publicado online e certamente a acompanhar o que consideramos importante acompanhar", disse o sargento Peter Thiessen ao The Globe and Mail, acrescentando: "[Os vigilantes] correm o risco de cometer um crime".
Todd's family members also said they are not sure the Anonymous report is accurate and said police have tracked down a person living in the U.S. whom they believed was involved.
Os familiares de Todd disseram também não ter a certeza se o relatório do Anonymous é preciso e disseram que a polícia localizou uma pessoa que vive nos EUA e que acreditavam estar envolvida.
The claims come weeks after Amanda posted a nearly nine-minute YouTube video detailing her treatment on a stack of notecards held up to the camera.
As alegações surgem semanas depois de Amanda ter publicado um vídeo de quase nove minutos no YouTube detalhando o seu tratamento numa pilha de cartões apontados para a câmara.
Todd says that a year after she flashed her breasts, the man tracked her down and demanded he put on a show for him or he would expose her.
Todd diz que um ano depois de ela mostrar os seios, o homem localizou-a e exigiu que lhe fizesse um concerto ou ele iria expô-la.
When she refused, he created a Facebook page with a list of her friends and used her naked chest as the profile photo. The picture quickly spread across the internet and among her classmates.
Quando ela recusou, ele criou uma página no Facebook com uma lista de amigos dela e usou o seu peito nu como foto de perfil. A imagem rapidamente se espalhou pela internet e entre os seus colegas.
It led to relentless bullying online, she said, and she was diagnosed with depression and started drinking. In the video, posted September 7, she admitted that she had previously tried to kill herself twice and has been hospitalised.
Isto levou a um bullying online implacável, disse ela, e foi diagnosticada com depressão e começou a beber. No vídeo, publicado a 7 de setembro, admitiu que já se tinha tentado matar duas vezes e estava hospitalizada.
After moving to a different city and school, another instance of bullying occurred after she started a romantic relationship with an older man who had a girlfriend. Once that relationship soured, she was confronted and beaten up by the man's girlfriend. She was hit in front of a crowd of screaming people who encouraged her to be left in a ditch.
Depois de se mudar para outra cidade e escola, ocorreu outro caso de bullying depois de ter iniciado uma relação amorosa com um homem mais velho que tinha namorada. Depois de a relação ter azedado, foi confrontada e espancada pela namorada do homem. Foi atingida em frente a uma multidão de pessoas que gritavam que a encorajaram a ser deixada numa vala.
Amanda does not speak in the video, and her face is not fully shown, but she confirmed her identity with the last notecard which says her name.
Amanda não fala no vídeo e o seu rosto não aparece na totalidade, mas confirmou a sua identidade com o último notecard que diz o seu nome.
One of the final images is a jarring picture of her arm which had been cut repeatedly. Just under six weeks after posting the video, Todd could take the bullying no longer, and took her own life.
Uma das imagens finais é uma imagem chocante do seu braço, que foi cortado vezes sem conta. Pouco menos de seis semanas depois de ter publicado o vídeo, Todd não aguentou mais o bullying e tirou a própria vida.
During a memorial for Todd on Monday, her friends said they have been aware of a man in his 30s 'stalking' their friend for years.
Durante um memorial a Todd na segunda-feira, os seus amigos disseram que sabiam de um homem na casa dos 30 anos que ‘perseguiu’ o seu amigo há anos.
'There were multiple accounts with random names,' one friend told QMI Agency. 'There were Twitter accounts also used.'
“Havia várias contas com nomes aleatórios”, disse um amigo à Agência QMI. 'Também foram utilizadas contas do Twitter'.
The Vancouver Sun reported that Amanda was a student in Grade 10 at the Coquitlam Basic Alternative Education school.
O Vancouver Sun noticiou que Amanda era aluna do 10º ano na escola Coquitlam Basic Alternative Education.
The principal of the school confirmed her death and said that she had become connected with many since she transferred to the school in the middle of last year.
A diretora da escola confirmou a sua morte e disse que se ligou a muitas pessoas desde que se transferiu para a escola, em meados do ano passado.
'It is a very sad case,' Paul McNaughton told the paper. 'I can tell you we feel we tried everything we could to help her when she came to us.'
“É um caso muito triste”, disse Paul McNaughton ao jornal. 'Posso dizer que sentimos que tentámos tudo o que podíamos para a ajudar quando ela veio ter connosco'.
Her death prompted a local politician to release a video of her own that pleads to put an end to bullying.
A sua morte levou um político local a lançar um vídeo da sua autoria que implora pelo fim do bullying.
'I just heard about Amanda. I want to say to everyone who loved her, to all her family and friends, how sorry I am about her loss,' British Columbia premier Christy Clark said.
Acabei de ouvir falar da Amanda. Quero dizer a todos os que a amavam, a todos os seus familiares e amigos, o quanto lamento a sua perda”, disse a primeira-ministra da Colúmbia Britânica, Christy Clark.
'No one deserves to be bullied. No one earns it. No one asks for it. It isn't a rite of passage. Bullying has to stop.'
'Ninguém merece ser intimidado. Ninguém ganha isso. Ninguém pede isso. Não é um ritual de passagem. O bullying tem de parar.
  • http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2218532/Amanda-Todd-Anonymous-names-man-droveteen-kill-spreading-nude-pictures.htmlMailMonday, October 16, 2012
21  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The main idea of the text is:

a) Facebook pages advise people to 'sleep with one eye open', due to risks around internet.
b) Teens, such as Amanda Todd, had been encouraged by Anonymous to show their intimacy in videos, later showed to a great number of people.
c) Amanda Todd, 15, was found dead after killing herself to escape cyber bullies.
d) There’s a parallel line of police investigation, the Anonymous, which aims to find the one who had been blackmailing Amanda Todd.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

22  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) According to the text, the best alternative is:

a) Amanda Todd may have used a gun to kill herself.
b) Amanda Todd may have used a knife to kill herself.
c) Amanda Todd may have used a belt to kill herself.
d) Amanda Todd may have taken a great amount of drugs to kill herself.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

23  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The alternative that brings the best synonym in its base form to the bold underlined word in the text page
  • “Anonymous has named a man it claims posted topless pictures of a 15-year-old girl online and harassed her so relentlessly that she killed herself.”
is:

a) Cudgeled.
b) Drubbed.
c) Impaled.
d) Besieged.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

24  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The alternative that brings false information about the text is:

a) Police had threatened Chyne Simpson, an Anonymous member, during Amanda Todd’s death investigation.
b) Amanda Todd had faced bullying twice, before ending up committing suicide.
c) After Amanda Todd’s death, a video of hers was spread aiming to put an end to bullying.
d) Three years before Amanda’s death, intimate pictures of hers had been spread across Facebook.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

25  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The text page Am anda Todd w as found hanged in her home on O ctober 1 0, if written in active voice would be:

a) Amanda Todd found a hanged in her home on October 10.
b) Someone found Amanda Todd hanged in her home on October 10.
c) Someone has found Amanda Todd hanged in her home on October 10.
d) Amanda Todd had hanged herself in her home on October 10.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

26  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) In the text page
  • “One of the final images is a jarring picture of her arm which had been cut repeatedly. Just under six weeks after posting the video, Todd could take the bullying no longer, and took her own life”,
the bold underlined word is:

a) An adjective.
b) An adverb.
c) A verb.
d) A noun.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Read the following text page and answer questions 07, 08, and 09:

A NEW TYPE OF HACKTIVISM: ANONYMOUS BRANCHES OUT

Anonymous is an umbrella term for an internet subculture - a collection of individuals, or 'hacktivists', who share common ideas of anti-censorship and freedom of speech on the internet.

While Anonymous is focused on freedom of speech, releasing names of internet harassers is new territory for the group, which is best known for hacking government and company websites.

They have carried out cyber attacks on Visa, MasterCard, PayPal and Amazon, and have threatened to take down Facebook and Twitter servers.

The group has connections with the lesser-known hacking group LulzSec, short for Lulz Security, an elite hacker group that has claimed responsibility for high-profile, debilitating cyber attacks.

Their big hits include the compromising of user account data from Sony Pictures and taking the CIA website offline. They also attacked Fox.com, leaking the names of more than 7,000 X Factor contestants, and the PBS Newshour website, where they posted a story claiming that slain killer Tupac was still living and in New Zealand.

The group aims to cause mayhem and manipulate flaws in security and passwords systems. It is believed to have caused billions of dollars in damages to corporations, banks and agencies.

It hit the headlines in March this year after Hector Xavier Monsegur, one of the group's ringleaders and an influential member of Anonymous, turned fellow hackers over to authorities.

After his arrest in New York on hacking charges in June 2011, the 28-year-old reportedly began working with the FBI to bring down the groups' top members, and five were later arrested.
http://ww w.dailvm ail.co.uk/new s/article-2218532/Am anda-Todd-Anonvmous-names-m an-drove-teenkill-spreading-nude-pictures.html
Mail Monday. October 16, 2012

27  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The alternative that brings the most comprehensive idea of the text is:

a) So safe websites have been facing hacker attacks, leaded by Hector Xavier Monsegur, an ex FBI member.
b) There's an internet group, which defends freedom of speech, but actually have been carrying through cyber attacks.
c) High-profile hacker groups have been supported by minor ones, such as LulzSec, in order to get together and perform huge cyber attacks.
d) There's an internet group, which is focused on causing the chaos in huge websites, by manipulating flaws in their security and passwords systems.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

28  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The alternative that brings the best synonym to the bold underlined word in the text page

  • "Anonymous is an UMBRELLA term for an internet subculture - a collection of individuals, or 'hacktivists', who share common ideas of anti-censorship and freedom of speech on the internet"
is:

a) Narrow.

b) Scanty.
c) General.
d) Considerate.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

29  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) The verb tense of the bold underlined verb in the text page
  • "It HIT the headlines in March this year after Hector Xavier Monsegur, one of the group's ringleaders and an influential member of Anonymous, turned fellow hackers over to authorities"
is:

a) Simple past.
c) Present perfect.
b) Simple present.
d) Past perfect.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

30  (ESPP-2013-COBRA TECNOLOGIA-ANALISTA) In each of the following text pages, a connective is missing.

I. “Six months ago, saving Libya from potential atrocities inspired by Moammar Gadhafi meant establishing a nofly zone over the country, all the better to protect Benghazi, the rebel stronghold in the east._____________classic mission creep set in and the NATO forces, Canada among them, were bombing Tripoli and clearly trying to eliminate Africa’s longest-standing dictator and his sons (while denying that was the goal).”

II. “Like all early civilisations Ancient Greece was an agricultural society. Most of the people lived by farming and the main form of wealth was owning land. In each city there was an upper class and a middle class of men like substantial farmers, doctors and teachers. _________ the vast majority of people were peasants and craftsmen or slaves. Slavery was common. (It is estimated that about 30% of the population of Athens was made up of slaves). If they worked in rich peoples homes slaves could be reasonably treated. However by law owners were allowed to flog slaves. Those slaves who worked in mines probably suffered the most.”

III. “Older people are facing a scarcity of qualified nurses to care for them __________ the Government changes its policy on undergraduate education, a leading nursing organisation has warned. The All-Ireland Gerontological Nurses Association (AIGNa) is calling for the urgent introduction of specialised nursing degree courses in care for older people - as an estimated 700 jobs remain unfilled in the sector.”

The alternative that respectively brings the correct connective for each one is:

a) As far as / however / then.
b) Nevertheless / however / as far as.
c) Unlike / unless / as far as.
d) Then / however / unless.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

quinta-feira, 21 de novembro de 2013

FUVEST/2001 – VESTIBULAR – 1ª FASE – LÍNGUA INGLESA – FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA PARA O VESTIBULAR – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1º FASE-26/11/2017.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – THE WASHINGTON POST |
 Texto (2) – | THE ECONOMIST |
 Texto (3) – | SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN |


 TEXTO 1Texto para as questões de 27 a 29.

Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp reversal of the tradi-tional pattern. But for most of them, continuing to work after the wed-ding is an easier choice than having children. Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them. Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are expected, and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years. As a result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 – an average 1.34 babies per woman – an added woe for this aging nation.

THE WASHINGTON POST NATIONAL WEEKLY EDITION August 21, 2000

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp reversal of the tradi-tional pattern.

Hoje em dia, as mulheres trabalhadoras no Japão têm mais probabilidades de se casar do que de não se casarem, o que constitui uma inversão acentuada do padrão tradicional.

But for most of them, continuing to work after the wed-ding is an easier choice than having children.

Mas para a maioria deles, continuar trabalhando depois do casamento é uma escolha mais fácil do que ter filhos.

Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them.

Apesar de algumas tentativas por parte do governo e das empresas para tornar o mundo do trabalho e a paternidade compatíveis, as mães dizem que a cultura empresarial do Japão continua hostil para elas.

Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are expected, and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years.

As reuniões de negócios geralmente começam às18h, ou mais tarde, são esperadas longas horas de horas extras não remuneradas e as empresas transferem rotineiramente funcionários para diferentes cidades durante anos.

As a result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 – an average 1.34 babies per woman – an added woe for this aging nation.

Como resultado, muitas mulheres estão escolhendo o trabalho em vez dos bebês, fazendo com que a taxa de natalidade japonesa caísse para um nível recorde em 1999 – uma média de 1,34 bebés por mulher – um problema adicional para esta nação envelhecida.

27  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

According to the passage, the majority of working women in Japan

a) expect to stop working after getting married.

b) do not like the idea of having children.

c) are choosing to remain single in order to keep their jobs.

d) have been afraid to fight against traditional roles.

e) would rather keep their jobs than have children.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
De acordo com a passagem, a maioria das mulheres trabalhadoras no Japão
a) expect to stop working after getting married.
espera parar de trabalhar depois de se casar.
b) do not like the idea of having children.
não gosta da ideia de ter filhos.
c) are choosing to remain single in order to keep their jobs.
estão optando por permanecer solteiros para manter seus empregos.
d) have been afraid to fight against traditional roles.
tiveram medo de lutar contra os papéis tradicionais.
e) would rather keep their jobs than have children.
preferem manter o emprego a ter filhos.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] But for most of them, continuing to work after the wedding is an easier choice than having children."
• Mas para a maioria deles, continuar a trabalhar depois do casamento é uma escolha mais fácil do que ter filhos.

28  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

"attempts (...) to make the working world and parenthood compatible" (lines 8-10) means that

a) married couples are expected to delay having children.

b) efforts have been made to improve the working conditions of workers with children.

c) working women have to fight hard in order to have children.

d) the government has proved that work and children are incompatible.

e) companies tend to think that people with children make better workers.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:  "PARENTHOOD" (paternidade)
:
"tentativas (...) de compatibilizar o mundo do trabalho e a paternidade" (linhas 8-10) significa que
a) married couples are expected to delay having children.
espera-se que os casais adiem o nascimento dos filhos.
b) efforts have been made to improve the working conditions of workers with children.
foram feitos esforços para melhorar as condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores com filhos.
c) working women have to fight hard in order to have children.
as mulheres trabalhadoras têm que lutar muito para terem filhos.
d) the government has proved that work and children are incompatible.
o governo provou que trabalho e filhos são incompatíveis.
e) companies tend to think that people with children make better workers.
as empresas tendem a pensar que as pessoas com filhos são melhores trabalhadores.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to them."
• Apesar de algumas tentativas por parte do governo e das empresas para tornar o mundo do trabalho e a paternidade compatíveis, as mães dizem que a cultura empresarial do Japão continua hostil para elas.

29  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

Which of these statements is true according to the passage?

a) The Japanese birthrate used to be much lower.

b) The percentage of marriages in Japan has fallen lately.

c) The Japanese population is getting older.

d) Japan’s population has stopped growing since 1999.

e) Working women do not have more than one child.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO (NEARLY)
:
Which of these statements is true according to the passage?
Qual dessas afirmações é verdadeira de acordo com o texto?
a) The Japanese birthrate used to be much lower.
A taxa de natalidade japonesa costumava ser muito mais baixa.
b) The percentage of marriages in Japan has fallen lately.
A percentagem de casamentos no Japão caiu ultimamente.
c) The Japanese population is getting older.
A população japonesa está envelhecendo.
d) Japan’s population has stopped growing since 1999.
A população do Japão parou de crescer desde 1999.
e) Working women do not have more than one child.
As mulheres trabalhadoras não têm mais de um filho.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] As a result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to fall to a record low in 1999 – an average 1.34 babies per woman – an added woe for this aging nation."
• Como resultado, muitas mulheres estão escolhendo o trabalho em vez dos bebés, fazendo com que a taxa de natalidade japonesa caísse para um nível recorde em 1999 – uma média de 1,34 bebés por mulher – um problema adicional para esta nação envelhecida..

 TEXTO 2Texto para as questões de 30 a 36

It is a nice irony, given that scientific genetics started with the manipulation of a crop plant, the pea, that the most vehement public opposition to it in recent years has come from those who object to the genetic manipulation of crops. At the moment, so-called genetically modified (GM) crops are in disgrace. Consumers, particularly in Europe, are wary of buying food that may contain them. Environmental activists are ripping up fields where they are being tested experimentally. And companies that design them are selling off their GM subsidiaries, or even themselves, to anyone willing to take on the risk. Yet the chances are that this is just a passing fad. No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop (or, more correctly, a transgenic crop, as all crop plants have been genetically modified by selective breeding since time immemorial). And while the environmental risks, such as cross-pollination with wild species and the promotion of insecticide-resistant strains of pest, look more plausible, they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.

THE ECONOMIST JULY 1ST 2000

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

It is a nice irony, given that scientific genetics started with the manipulation of a crop plant, the pea, that the most vehement public opposition to it in recent years has come from those who object to the genetic manipulation of crops.

É uma bela ironia, dado que a genética científica começou com a manipulação de uma planta cultivada, a ervilha, que a oposição pública mais veemente a ela nos últimos anos tenha vindo daqueles que se opõem à manipulação genética das culturas.

At the moment, so-called genetically modified (GM) crops are in disgrace.

Neste momento, as chamadas culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) estão em desgraça.

Consumers, particularly in Europe, are wary of buying food that may contain them.

Os consumidores, especialmente na Europa, têm receio de comprar alimentos que os possam conte-las. 

Environmental activists are ripping up fields where they are being tested experimentally.

Ativistas ambientais estão destruindo campos onde estão sendo testados experimentalmente.

And companies that design them are selling off their GM subsidiaries, or even themselves, to anyone willing to take on the risk.

E as empresas que os concebem estão vendendo as suas subsidiárias da GM, ou mesmo a si próprias, a qualquer pessoa disposta a assumir o risco.

Yet the chances are that this is just a passing fad.

No entanto, as chances são de que isso seja apenas uma moda passageira.

No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop (or, more correctly, a transgenic crop, as all crop plants have been genetically modified by selective breeding since time immemorial).

Nenhum ensaio demonstrou um risco para a saúde de uma cultura geneticamente modificada aprovada comercialmente (ou, mais corretamente, de uma cultura transgênica, uma vez que todas as plantas cultivadas foram geneticamente modificadas por reprodução seletiva desde tempos imemoriais).

And while the environmental risks, such as cross-pollination with wild species and the promotion of insecticide-resistant strains of pest, look more plausible, they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.

E embora os riscos ambientais, como a polinização cruzada com espécies selvagens e a promoção de estirpes de pragas resistentes aos insecticidas, elas pareçam mais plausíveis, também não parecem piores do que os tipos de destruição ambiental causados pelos tipos de agricultura mais tradicionais.

30  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

According to the passage,

a) after peas started being manipulated, the public became strongly opposed to scientific genetics.

b) even the most vehement supporters of scientific genetics are opposed to the genetic manipulation of crops.

c) the latest experiments carried out by genetic engineers have been regarded with irony.

d) there has been strong opposition to the manipulation of peas to improve crops in recent years.

e) the strongest opponents of scientific genetics are the ones who disapprove of the genetic manipulation of crops.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO (NEARLY)
:
De acordo com o texto,
a) after peas started being manipulated, the public became strongly opposed to scientific genetics.
depois que as ervilhas começaram a ser manipuladas, o público passou a se opor fortemente à genética científica.
b) even the most vehement supporters of scientific genetics are opposed to the genetic manipulation of crops.
mesmo os mais veementes defensores da genética científica opõem-se à manipulação genética das culturas.
c) the latest experiments carried out by genetic engineers have been regarded with irony.
os últimos experimentos realizados por engenheiros genéticos foram vistos com ironia.
d) there has been strong opposition to the manipulation of peas to improve crops in recent years.
tem havido forte oposição à manipulação de ervilhas para melhorar as colheitas nos últimos anos.
e) the strongest opponents of scientific genetics are the ones who disapprove of the genetic manipulation of crops.
os mais fortes oponentes da genética científica são aqueles que desaprovam a manipulação genética das culturas.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] It is a nice irony, given that scientific genetics started with the manipulation of a crop plant, the pea, that the most vehement public opposition to it in recent years has come from those who object to the genetic manipulation of crops."
• É uma bela ironia, dado que a genética científica começou com a manipulação de uma planta cultivada, a ervilha, que a oposição pública mais veemente a ela nos últimos anos tenha vindo daqueles que se opõem à manipulação genética das culturas.

31  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

Choose the correct active voice form for ...."fields where they are being tested experimentally" (line 10)

a) fields where scientists have been testing them experimentally.

b) fields where environmentalists are testing them experimentally.

c) fields where genetic engineers had been testing them experimentally.

d) fields where genetic engineers are testing them experimentally.

e) fields where one has been testing them experimentally.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - CONVERSÃO "VOZ PASSIVA" EM "VOZ ATIVA"
:
 SENTENÇA DADA :
• "fields where they are being tested experimentally"
•  "campos onde estão sendo testados experimentalmente"
 SENTENÇA CONVERTIDA - "Present Continuous" na voz ativa: VERBO(are) + PARTICÍPIO PRESENTE.
• "fields where genetic engineers are testing them experimentally."
•  "campos onde os engenheiros genéticos os estão testando experimentalmente."

32  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

The passage tells us that GM crops

a) are the object of widespread disapproval now.

b) are not being sold in Europe at the moment.

c) can no longer be experimentally tested in European fields.

d) can only be sold by subsidized companies.

e) are being designed only by companies willing to run risks.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO - VOCABULÁRIO: "DISGRACE" (descrédito, desgraça, desaprovação)
:
O texto nos diz que as culturas (colheitas, safras) geneticamente modificadas
a) are the object of widespread disapproval now.
são agora objeto de desaprovação generalizada.
b) are not being sold in Europe at the moment.
não estão sendo vendidos na Europa neste momento.
c) can no longer be experimentally tested in European fields.
á não pode ser testado experimentalmente em campos europeus.
d) can only be sold by subsidized companies.
só podem ser comercializados por empresas subsidiadas.
e) are being designed only by companies willing to run risks.
estão sendo projetadas apenas por empresas dispostas a correr riscos.
 TRECHO:
• "[...]  At the moment, so-called genetically modified (GM) crops are in disgrace."
• Neste momento, as chamadas culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) estão em descrédito.

33  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

Which of these statements is true according to the passage?

a) Consumers will become more receptive to GM foods when trials show that they are not hazardous to health.

b) The hostility to GM crops is likely to be short-lived.

c) The environmentalists’ hostility to GM crops is unfounded, as they pose no danger to the environment.

d) GM foods are unlikely to be accepted even in the long run.

e) Even if environmentalists stop protesting, consumers will keep on regarding GM foods with suspicion.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO - VOCABULÁRIO: "SHORT-LIVED"(de curta duração)
:
Qual dessas afirmações é verdadeira de acordo com o texto?
a) Consumers will become more receptive to GM foods when trials show that they are not hazardous to health.
Os consumidores tornar-se-ão mais receptivos aos alimentos geneticamente modificados quando os ensaios demonstrarem que não são perigosos para a saúde.
b) The hostility to GM crops is likely to be short-lived.
A hostilidade às culturas geneticamente modificadas será provavelmente de curta duração.
c) The environmentalists’ hostility to GM crops is unfounded, as they pose no danger to the environment.
A hostilidade dos ambientalistas às culturas geneticamente modificadas é infundada, uma vez que não representam qualquer perigo para o ambiente.
d) GM foods are unlikely to be accepted even in the long run.
É pouco provável que os alimentos geneticamente modificados sejam aceites, mesmo a longo prazo.
e) Even if environmentalists stop protesting, consumers will keep on regarding GM foods with suspicion.
Mesmo que os ambientalistas parem de protestar, os consumidores continuarão a encarar os alimentos geneticamente modificados com suspeita.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] And companies that design them are selling off their GM subsidiaries, or even themselves, to anyone willing to take on the risk. Yet the chances are that this is just a passing fad."
• E as empresas que os concebem estão vendendo as suas subsidiárias da GM, ou mesmo a si próprias, a qualquer pessoa disposta a assumir o risco. No entanto, as chances são de que isso seja apenas uma moda passageira.

34  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

According to the passage, the term GM crop (line 16)

a) is totally incorrect unless selective breeding is involved.

b) has been used since time immemorial.

c) is not quite accurate.

d) applies only to commercially approved crops.

e) has never been used to mean the same as transgenic crop.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO - VOCABULÁRIO: "ACCURATE" (preciso, exato)
:
De acordo com o texto, o termo cultura GM (linha 16)
a) is totally incorrect unless selective breeding is involved.
é totalmente incorreto, a menos que esteja envolvido reprodução seletiva.
b) has been used since time immemorial.
tem sido usado desde tempos imemoriais.
c) is not quite accurate.
não é muito preciso.
d) applies only to commercially approved crops.
aplica-se apenas a culturas comercialmente aprovadas.
e) has never been used to mean the same as transgenic crop.
nunca foi utilizado para significar o mesmo que cultura transgênica.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop (or, more correctly, a transgenic crop, as all crop plants have been genetically modified by selective breeding since time immemorial)."
• Nenhum ensaio demonstrou um risco para a saúde de uma cultura geneticamente modificada aprovada comercialmente (ou, mais corretamente, de uma cultura transgênica, uma vez que todas as plantas cultivadas foram geneticamente modificadas por reprodução seletiva desde tempos imemoriais).

35  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

The passage tells us that

a) tests have shown that only a few GM crops may be hazardous to health.

b) the environmental risks of GM crops are practically non-existent.

c) only a few GM products consumed in Europe have been commercially approved.

d) it is highly improbable that GM crops promote pest varieties resistant to insecticides.

e) commercially approved GM crops are safe for consumption, although they may harm the environment.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
O texto nos diz que
a) tests have shown that only a few GM crops may be hazardous to health.
os testes demonstraram que apenas algumas culturas geneticamente modificadas podem ser perigosas para a saúde.
b) the environmental risks of GM crops are practically non-existent.
os riscos ambientais das culturas geneticamente modificadas são praticamente inexistentes.
c) only a few GM products consumed in Europe have been commercially approved.
apenas alguns produtos geneticamente modificados consumidos na Europa foram comercialmente aprovados.
d) it is highly improbable that GM crops promote pest varieties resistant to insecticides.
é altamente improvável que as culturas geneticamente modificadas promovam variedades de pragas resistentes aos insecticidas.
e) commercially approved GM crops are safe for consumption, although they may harm the environment.
as culturas geneticamente modificadas aprovadas comercialmente são seguras para consumo, embora possam prejudicar o ambiente.
 TRECHOS:
• "[...] No trial has shown a health risk from a commercially approved GM crop"
• Nenhum ensaio demonstrou um risco para a saúde de uma cultura geneticamente modificada aprovada comercialmente .
• "[...]  they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.
•  elas também não parecem piores do que os tipos de destruição ambiental causados pelos tipos de agricultura mais tradicionais.

36  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

According to the passage, more traditional sorts of agriculture

a) appear to be just as damaging to the environment as GM crops.

b) seem to cause less damage to the environment than GM crops.

c) may cause greater damage to the environment than GM crops.

d) have been proved to cause no damage to the environment.

e) are far less damaging to the environment than GM crops.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
De acordo com o texto, tipos mais tradicionais de agricultura
a) appear to be just as damaging to the environment as GM crops.
parecem ser tão prejudiciais para o ambiente como as culturas geneticamente modificadas.
b) seem to cause less damage to the environment than GM crops.
parecem causar menos danos ao ambiente do que as culturas geneticamente modificadas.
c) may cause greater damage to the environment than GM crops.
podem causar maiores danos ao ambiente do que as culturas geneticamente modificadas.
d) have been proved to cause no damage to the environment.
não tenham sido comprovadamente causadores de danos ao meio ambiente.
e) are far less damaging to the environment than GM crops.
são muito menos prejudiciais ao ambiente do que as culturas geneticamente modificadas.
 TRECHO:
• "[...]  they also look no worse than the sorts of environmental havoc wreaked by more traditional sorts of agriculture.
•  elas também não parecem piores do que os tipos de destruição ambiental causados pelos tipos de agricultura mais tradicionais.

 TEXTO 3Texto para as questões de 37 a 40

MICHAEL D. COE’S Breaking the Maya Code. Revised paperback edition. First published 1992. Thames & Hudson, New York, 1999 ($18.95). The decipherment of the Maya script was, Coe states, "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of our age, on a par with the exploration of space and the discovery of the genetic code." He presents the story eloquently and in detail, with many illustrations of the mysterious Maya inscriptions and the people who tried to decipher them. Most of the credit, he says, goes to the late Yuri V. Knorosov of the Russian Institute of Ethnography, but many others participated. They did not always agree, and some of them went up blind alleys. Coe – emeritus professor of anthropology at Yale University – vividly describes the battles, missteps and successes. What is now established, he writes, is that “the Maya writing system is a mix of logograms and syllabic signs; with the latter, they could and often did write words purely phonetically.”

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN APRIL 2000

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:

MICHAEL D. COE’S Breaking the Maya Code. Revised paperback edition. First published 1992. Thames & Hudson, New York, 1999 ($18.95).

MICHAEL D. COE Quebrando o Código Maia. Edição de bolso revisada. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1992. Thames & Hudson, Nova York, 1999 (US$ 18,95).

The decipherment of the Maya script was, Coe states, "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of our age, on a par with the exploration of space and the discovery of the genetic code."

A decifração da escrita maia foi, afirma Coe, "uma das aventuras intelectuais mais emocionantes da nossa época, a par da exploração do espaço e da descoberta do código genético".

He presents the story eloquently and in detail, with many illustrations of the mysterious Maya inscriptions and the people who tried to decipher them.

Ele apresenta a história de forma eloquente e detalhada, com muitas ilustrações das misteriosas inscrições maias e das pessoas que tentaram decifrá-las.

Most of the credit, he says, goes to the late Yuri V. Knorosov of the Russian Institute of Ethnography, but many others participated.

A maior parte do crédito, diz ele, vai para o falecido Yuri V. Knorosov, do Instituto Russo de Etnografia, mas muitos outros participaram.

They did not always agree, and some of them went up blind alleys. Coe – emeritus professor of anthropology at Yale University – vividly describes the battles, missteps and successes.

Eles nem sempre concordaram e alguns deles entraram em becos sem saída. Coe – professor emérito de antropologia na Universidade de Yale – descreve vividamente as batalhas, erros e sucessos.

What is now established, he writes, is that “the Maya writing system is a mix of logograms and syllabic signs; with the latter, they could and often did write words purely phonetically.”

O que está agora estabelecido, escreve ele, é que “o sistema de escrita maia é uma mistura de logogramas e sinais silábicos; com o último, eles podiam e muitas vezes escreviam palavras de forma puramente fonética.”

37  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

The passage tells us that Michael D. Coe

a) is the anthropologist responsible for the decipherment of Maya writing.

b) attributes great importance to the decipherment of the Maya script.

c) is also the author of books about the exploration of space.

d) has worked with Yuri V. Knorosov recently.

e) has been interested in pursuing exciting intellectual adventures.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
O texto nos diz que Michael D. Coe
a) is the anthropologist responsible for the decipherment of Maya writing.
é o antropólogo responsável pela decifração da escrita maia.
b) attributes great importance to the decipherment of the Maya script.
atribui grande importância à decifração da escrita maia.
c) is also the author of books about the exploration of space.
é também autor de livros sobre a exploração do espaço.
d) has worked with Yuri V. Knorosov recently.
trabalhou recentemente com Yuri V. Knorosov.
e) has been interested in pursuing exciting intellectual adventures.
tem se interessado em buscar aventuras intelectuais emocionantes.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] The decipherment of the Maya script was, Coe states, "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures of our age, on a par with the exploration of space and the discovery of the genetic code.""
• A decifração da escrita maia foi, afirma Coe, "uma das aventuras intelectuais mais emocionantes da nossa época, a par da exploração do espaço e da descoberta do código genético".

38  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

In the passage, "some of them went up blind alleys" (line 12) means that some scientists engaged in the decipherment of the Maya script

a) gave up participating in the project.

b) failed to be on a par with the other scientists.

c) were the last to be convinced of their success.

d) failed to come up with useful results.

e) followed in Knorosov’s footsteps blindly.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - EXPRESSÃO IDIOMÁTICA: "BLIND ALLEY" (beco sem saída)(não chegar a lugar nenhum, não chegar a resultado com sucesso)
:
Na passagem, "alguns deles entraram em becos sem saída" (linha 12) significa que alguns cientistas se dedicaram à decifração da escrita maia
a) gave up participating in the project.
desistiu de participar do projeto.
b) failed to be on a par with the other scientists.
não conseguiu estar no mesmo nível dos demais cientistas.
c) were the last to be convinced of their success.
foram os últimos a se convencer do seu sucesso.
d) failed to come up with useful results.
não conseguiu chegar a resultados úteis.
e) followed in Knorosov’s footsteps blindly.
seguiu cegamente os passos de Knorosov.

39  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

According to the passage, Michael D. Coe’s book

a) includes details of the disagreements among scientists in the decipherment project.

b) is co-authored by the Russian ethnographer Yuri V. Knorosov.

c) revises the author’s previous interpretation of Maya inscriptions.

d) is to be followed by a book about the Mayas’ misfortunes and achievements.

e) has been highly successful among anthropologists and other academics.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO (NEARLY)
:
De acordo com o texto, o livro de Michael D. Coe
a) includes details of the disagreements among scientists in the decipherment project.
inclui detalhes das divergências entre os cientistas no projeto de decifração.
b) is co-authored by the Russian ethnographer Yuri V. Knorosov.
é de coautoria do etnógrafo russo Yuri V. Knorosov.
c) revises the author’s previous interpretation of Maya inscriptions.
revisão da interpretação anterior do autor das inscrições maias.
d) is to be followed by a book about the Mayas’ misfortunes and achievements.
será seguido por um livro sobre os infortúnios e conquistas dos maias.
e) has been highly successful among anthropologists and other academics.
teve grande sucesso entre antropólogos e outros acadêmicos.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] They did not always agree, and some of them went up blind alleys. Coe – emeritus professor of anthropology at Yale University – vividly describes the battles, missteps and successes."
• Eles nem sempre concordaram e alguns deles entraram em becos sem saída. Coe – professor emérito de antropologia na Universidade de Yale – descreve vividamente as batalhas, erros e sucessos.

40  (FUVEST-2001-VESTIBULAR-1ªFASE)

Which of these statements is true according to the passage?

a) There is still uncertainty as to whether the Mayas used syllabic signs.

b) The Mayas invented a purely phonetic writing system.

c) Syllabic signs are evidence that the Mayas could match words and sounds.

d) Scientists disagree about the major characteristics of the Maya writing system.

e) Logograms were used by the Mayas to write phonetically.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
Qual dessas afirmações é verdadeira de acordo com o texto?
a) There is still uncertainty as to whether the Mayas used syllabic signs.
Ainda há incerteza se os maias usavam sinais silábicos.
b) The Mayas invented a purely phonetic writing system.
Os maias inventaram um sistema de escrita puramente fonético.
c) Syllabic signs are evidence that the Mayas could match words and sounds.
Os sinais silábicos são evidências de que os maias conseguiam combinar palavras e sons.
d) Scientists disagree about the major characteristics of the Maya writing system.
Os cientistas discordam sobre as principais características do sistema de escrita maia.
e) Logograms were used by the Mayas to write phonetically.
Os logogramas eram usados pelos maias para escrever foneticamente.
 TRECHO:
• "[...] What is now established, he writes, is that “the Maya writing system is a mix of logograms and syllabic signs; with the latter, they could and often did write words purely phonetically.”"

• O que está agora estabelecido, escreve ele, é que “o sistema de escrita maia é uma mistura de logogramas e sinais silábicos; com o último, eles podiam e muitas vezes escreviam palavras de forma puramente fonética.”