CESGRANRIO-2010 -PETROBRAS-Cargo: Profissional Júnior-Engenharia Elétrica- Concurso Público da PETROBRAS - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de Inglês com gabarito e questões comentadas.

Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!
Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS-2010-Cargo:Engenheiro(a) Eletricista-Prova aplicada em 2010.

[a]Banca/Organizador

http://www.cesgranrio.org.br/

[b] Padrão da PROVA :
➦ 01 Texto: "Fossil Fuels"

➦ 10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Compreensão Textual do inglês.
➦Uso do Inglês.
[b] DICIONÁRIOS :

Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/

[d]Verbs:
[to recruit=quer dizer "recrutar"."I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering Job Fair."(Eu fui recrutado em uma Feira de Trabalho de Engenharia da Texas Tech.)]
[to sponsor(sPânsôr)(patrocinar)]
to perform(pêrfôrm)(realizar/executar)]
[to close(fechar)=to encase(encerrar)=to weaken(enfraquecer)]
[to owe(ôu)(dever)=por exemplo no sentido de "They owed money"(eles devem dinheiro).O passado ou particípio passado é "owed".OWE means have an obligation to pay or repay (something, especially money) in return for something received.]
[to draft(esboçar/projetar)]
[to appeal=quer dizer "recorrer","apelar"]

[e]Phrasal Verbs: 
[to carry out(conduzir/levar adiante)=to fulfill(fôufêl)(cumprir)=to execute(éksKíutch)(executar)."carry out the mission","fulfill the mission","execute the mission"]
[to decrease=to diminution=to go down(diminuir)=to fall=to drop.A ideia é "diminuir","cair"."The exports gone down(have fallen=have droped) last year."(As exportações diminuíram ano passado.)]
[to track down=quer dizer "rastrear","procurar"]
[to turn down=refuse(recusar)=reject(rejeitar)."I couldn't turn down the great starting salary!"(Eu não poderia recusar o excelente salário inicial!)].
[f]Nouns:

[internship=quer dizer "estágio"]
[scholarship=quer dizer "bolsa de estudo"]
[recruiter=quer dizer "recrutador"]
[career(kéríôr)(carreira)=profession(proFêxãn)(profissão)]
[rig(rêg)=em contexto de petróleo é "plataforma de perfuração"."Oil rig","Oil platform".]

[g]Adjectives:

[environmental="ambiental"]
[rewarding(riÚôrên)(gratificante)=profitabley(Prôfêrêbôl)(rentável)]

[h]Adverbs:

[strongly="fortemente".""]
[rather(Rédôr)(preferencialmente)=by preference(de preferência)]
[rightly(Ráitlí)(certamente,com todo direito)=certainly]
[such as(Séthéz)(certamente,com todo direito)=certainly]
[therefore(dérFôr)(assim sendo)=so= hence(consequentemente)]
[k]Conectors/Conjuctions:

[Even though(embora)]
[unless(a menos que)=conjunção CONDICIONAL usada para apresentar uma única solução para algo complexo; que contém um sentido implícito de negação.]
[l]Expressions/abreviations: 

[as much as(tanto quanto)]
[At the time=quer dizer "na época"]
[Master’s thesis=quer dizer "tese de mestrado"]
[summer internship=quer dizer "estágio de verão"] 
[graduate advisor="tutor de graduação"]
[Although far fewer(ólDôufâFíuôr)="Embora muito menos..."] 

[m]Falsos cognatos:

(1)[Gasolina=no inglês americano pode ser "gas(gués)" ou "gasoline(Guéssôlín)"].

(1)[Gasolina=no inglês britânico é "petrol(Pétrôl)".

(3)[oil(Óiêl)=quer dizer "petróleo"]
(3)[oil well(Óiêl-uêl) = quer dizer "poço de petróleo"]
[k]Tips:
(1)Conjunções de contraste:but/however/nevertheless/though/although/even though.
(2)Conjunções de razão:because of/since/as.
(3)Conjunções de lugar:where/ wherever/everywhere.
(4)Conjunções de propósito:so that / so.
(5)Conjunções de resultado:so that / so /so (...) that/.
(6)Conjunções de tempo:by the time/before/after/while/since/as/as soon as.
(7)Conjunções de adição:and/as well as.
(8)Conjunções de condição:unless/provided that/as.

Agora, vamos à prova!!!

Fossil Fuels

The twentieth century has been called the hydrocarbon century due to the abundance of fossil fuels, and their contribution to human development. Fossil fuels were formed over millions of years by the decomposing remains of plants and animals under immense heat and pressure. This process resulted in energy laden fuels coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which together have generated most of the energy consumed globally for over a century, paving the way for continued advancement and new inventions.

Fossil fuels are currently the most economically available source of power for both personal and commercial uses. Petroleum fuels our cars and thirst for plastics, while natural gas and coal heat and electrify our homes. Mass transportation is also largely propelled by fossil fuels. In 2005, more than 3/4 of total world energy consumption was through the use of fossil fuels. Petroleum led with over 43.4 percent of the world’s total energy consumption, followed by natural gas (15.6 percent) and coal (8.3 percent). North America is the largest consumer of fossil fuels, utilizing nearly 25 percent of the world’s resources.

Long thought to be inexhaustible, fossil fuels have been used extensively since the Industrial Revolution. However, many believe that the world is using fossil fuels at an unsustainable rate. Some experts believe that the world has already reached its peak for oil extraction and production, and that it is only a matter of time before natural gas and coal follow suit. These near-term concerns about oil supply have led to increasing focus on, and exploration of, alternative sources of petroleum, such as in tar sands and oil shale.

To release their stored energy, fossil fuels must be burned. It is during this combustion process that a variety of emissions and particulates, including ash, are released into the atmosphere. Primary releases are sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon, which can be harmful to the environment. They can combine with water vapor in the air to form acidic compounds that create acid rain, and burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that scientists believe is key factor in global climate change.

There are also environmental risks associated with extracting, transporting, and utilizing fossil fuels. Mining for coal and drilling for oil are especially hazardous because the digging of massive mines and wells can change the surrounding landscapes and bring massive amounts of salt water to the surface which can damage nearby ecosystems without proper treatment and sequestration. Natural gas extraction is somewhat safer,but can also be hazardous. While there are regulations in place that attempts to minimize the risks, it is impossible to eliminate them completely. However, regulation is not sufficient; there must be continued research in developing new technologies for both fossil fuel and renewable energy, in addition to increasing conservation measures.

Environmental Literacy Council
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/subcategory.php/21.html,
access on March 14th, 2010.

👉 Questão  11 
The text "Fossil fuels" can be classified as a
(A) recommendation for future use and transport of fossil fuels.
(B) manual for the recycling of fossil fuels consumed in industries.
(C) panoramic account of the past, present and future of fossil fuels in society.
(D) historical perspective of world energetic resources before the Industrial Revolution.
(E) newspaper article on recent discoveries in oil drilling and their economic potential.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O texto "Combustíveis fósseis" pode ser classificado como
(A) RECOMENDAÇÃO para uso futuro e transporte de combustíveis fósseis.
(B) MANUAL para a reciclagem de combustíveis fósseis consumidos nas indústrias.
(C) RELATO PANORÂMICO do passado, presente e futuro dos combustíveis fósseis na sociedade.
(D) PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA dos recursos energéticos mundiais antes da Revolução Industrial.
(E) ARTIGO DE JORNAL sobre recentes descobertas em exploração de petróleo e seu potencial econômico.

👉 Questão  12 
In "The twentieth century has been called the hydrocarbon century due to the abundance of fossil fuels, and their contribution to human development." (lines 1-3), 'due to' can be substituted by
(A) such as
(B) besides
(C) in spite of
(D) instead of
(E) because of
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - CONJUNCTION :
Em "O século XX tem sido chamado o século de hidrocarbonetos, devido à abundância de combustíveis fósseis, e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento humano.", 'devido a' pode ser substituído por
(A) such as
(B) besides
(C) in spite of
(D) instead of
(E) because of

👉 Questão  13 
"This process..." (line  6) refers to the
(A) decrease of the energy produced by fossil fuels. (B) discovery of natural resources millions of year ago.
(C) artificial decomposition of plants, animals and natural gas.
(D) disintegration of plants and animals under extremely cold conditions.
(E) deterioration of the remains of living beings caused by heat and pressure.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) decrease of the energy produced by fossil fuels.

(B) discovery of natural resources millions of year ago.
(C) artificial decomposition of plants, animals and natural gas.
(D) disintegration of plants and animals under extremely cold conditions.
(E) deterioration of the remains of living beings caused by heat and pressure.

👉 Questão  14 
Paragraph 3 (lines 23-32) introduces the idea that
(A) oil reached the maximum volume of sales last century.
(B) alternative sources of fuel are being employed at their peak capacity.
(C) the world consumption of fossil fuels has been growing uncontrollably.
(D) natural gas and coal are not suitable as replacements of oil in industrial settings.
(E) fossil fuels emerged as the major energy source long before the Industrial Revolution.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O parágrafo n.º 3 (linhas 23-32) introduz a ideia de que
(A) o petróleo atingiu o volume máximo de vendas do século passado.
(B) fontes alternativas de combustível estão sendo empregadas em sua capacidade máxima.
(C) o consumo mundial de combustíveis fósseis vem crescendo incontrolavelmente.
(D) gás natural e carvão não são adequados como substitutos do petróleo em ambientes industriais.
(E) os combustíveis fósseis surgiram como a principal fonte de energia muito antes da Revolução Industrial.

👉 Questão  15 
Concerning the figures relative to the year 2005, as mentioned in paragraph 2 (lines 11-22)
(A) “more than 3/4...” (lines  16) refers to the quantity of fossil fuels reserves consumed along the year.
(B) “...over 43.4 percent...” (line 18) refers to the share that oil represents in the overall quantity of energy consumed globally.
(C) “15.6 percent” (lines 19-20) refers to the amount of natural gas resources annually consumed in North America.
(D) “8.3 percent” (line 20) refers to the share of coal used only for heating American homes.
(E) “...nearly 25 percent...” (line 21) indicates the percentage of fossil fuels saved in North America.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

👉 Questão  16 
According to paragraph 4 (lines 33-42), all the elements below result from the burning of fossil fuels, EXCEPT
(A) acid rain
(B) water vapor
(C) ash emissions
(D) greenhouse gas
(E) sulfur, nitrogen and carbon releases
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
De acordo com o parágrafo 4 (linhas 33-42), todos os elementos abaixo resultam da queima de combustíveis fósseis, EXCETO
(A) chuva ácida
(B) vapor de água
(C) emissões de cinzas
(D) gás de efeito estufa
(E) liberações de enxofre, nitrogênio e carbono

👉 Questão  17 
Based on the meanings in the text, the option in which the two words are synonymous is
(A) “...largely...” (line  15) – locally
(B) “...inexhaustible,...” (line  23) – finite
(C) “...harmful...” (line  37) – beneficial
(D) “...hazardous...” (line  45) – dangerous
(E) “...minimize...” (line  52) – increase
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

👉 Questão  18 
Among the solutions to minimize the risks associated with the use of fossil fuels, the author suggests the
(A) expansion of  secure activities, such as mining for coal and drilling for oil.
(B) substitution of fossil fuels for natural gas, because this is a harmless source of energy.
(C) development of new technologies in producing energy from fossil fuels and natural resources.
(D) adoption of proper treatment techniques in all salt water reservoirs and the surrounding ecosystem.
(E) elimination of the existing regulations and the charge of fines for those who do not adopt conservation measures.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
Entre as soluções para minimizar os riscos associados ao uso de combustíveis fósseis, o autor sugere
(A) expansão de atividades seguras, como mineração para carvão e perfuração de petróleo.
(B) substituição de combustíveis fósseis por gás natural, porque esta é uma fonte inofensiva de energia.
(C) desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias na produção de energia a partir de combustíveis fósseis e recursos naturais.
(D) adoção de técnicas de tratamento adequadas em todos os reservatórios de água salgada e no ecossistema circundante.
(E) a eliminação dos regulamentos existentes e a cobrança de multas para aqueles que não adotarem medidas de conservação.

👉 Questão  19 
In "To release their stored energy, fossil fuels must be burned." (lines 33-34)  the expression in boldtype can be replaced by
(A) have to be.
(B) have been.
(C) would be.
(D) might be.
(E) shall be.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

👉 Questão  20 
In terms of the organization of ideas in the text,
(A) paragraph 1 introduces the main problems related to the consumption of fossil fuels nowadays.

(B) paragraph 2 emphasizes the minor role fossil fuels have been playing in the modern world.
(C) paragraph 3 informs that fossil fuels will never be replaced by other less polluting fuels.
(D) paragraph 4 explains how fossil fuels impact the environment and contribute to climate change.
(E) paragraph 5 brings an extensive list of ecological dangers and industrial disasters resulting from the consumption of fossil fuel.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) O parágrafo 1 introduz os principais problemas relacionados ao consumo de combustíveis fósseis na atualidade.
(B) O parágrafo 2 enfatiza o papel menor que os combustíveis fósseis têm desempenhado no mundo moderno.
(C) o parágrafo 3 informa que os combustíveis fósseis nunca serão substituídos por outros combustíveis menos poluentes.
(D) o parágrafo 4 explica como os combustíveis fósseis afetam o meio ambiente e contribuem para as mudanças climáticas.
(E) O parágrafo 5 traz uma extensa lista de perigos ecológicos e desastres industriais resultantes do consumo de combustível fóssil.