COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES (CS-1)–MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS–GABARITO & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

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COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES (CS-1)

01 – (EFOMM-PS2016-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.

(A) Anna is the more intelligent girl in this room.
(B) He plays best than his brother.
(C) The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.
(D) Would you please talk quietlier?
(E) Richard is the nicer of the three brothers.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - COMPARATIVES vs SUPERLATIVES :

(A) Anna is the more intelligent girl in this room.

>> Para aplicar o superlativo, usa-se a estrutura padrão "THE MOST" antes do adjetivo longo (INTELLIGENT).

• Anna is the most intelligent girl in this room.
• Anna é a garota mais inteligente desta sala.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://mingle-ish.com

(B) He plays best than his brother.

>> Situação típica de COMPARATIVO, porque no quesito jogar melhor, o narrador está comparando alguém com o irmão dele, ou seja, há comparação entre 2 (duas) pessoas.

• He plays better than his brother.
• Ele joga melhor que o irmão.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://englishgrammarhere.com

(C) The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.

>> Situação típica de SUPERLATIVO, porque em relação ao adjetivo  "COMMON", o narrador está atribuindo a GRIPE (FLU), o grau de O MOTIVO MAIS COMUM para a ausência da escola..

• The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.
• O motivo mais comum para a ausência na escola é a gripe.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://www.slideserve.com

(D) Would you please talk quietlier?

>> INCORRETA porque não existe o vocábulo “quietlier”.

• SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
• Would you please talk more quietly?
• Você poderia, por favor, falar mais baixo?

(E) Richard is the nicer of the three brothers.

>>  Situação típica de SUPERLATIVO, porque há comparação entre 1 pessoa e um 1 grupo de 3 pessoas.

• SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
• Richard is the nicest of the three brothers.
• Richard é o mais legal dos três irmãos.

02 – (COLÉGIO NAVAL-CPACN-2021) All the sentences. have comparative or superlative adjectives EXCEPT for ·

(A) "this generation has been raised on the internet and social media, with some the oldest finishing college by 2020 and entering the workforce."

(B) "generation Z, is the youngest, most ethnicallydiverse, and largest generation in American history, comprising 27% of the US population."

(C) "they communicate primarily through social media and texts, and spend as much time on their phones as older generations do watching television."

(D) "the majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their phones and computers."

(E) "gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest generation in American history, and eclipses all other generations before it in embracing diversity and inclusion."

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - COMPARATIVES vs SUPERLATIVES : 

(A) "this generation has been raised on the internet and social media, with some the oldest finishing college by 2020 and entering the workforce."

>> Adjetivo com sufixo -EST caracteriza SUPERLATIVE FORM:

• OLDEST, LARGEST, LONGEST, NICEST, BIGGEST, EARLIEST, etc.

(B) "generation Z, is the youngest, most ethnically diverse, and largest generation in American history, comprising 27% of the US population."

>> Adjetivo com sufixo -EST caracteriza SUPERLATIVE FORM:

• OLDEST, LARGEST, LONGEST, NICEST, BIGGEST, EARLIEST, etc.

(C) "they communicate primarily through social media and texts, and spend as much time on their phones as older generations do watching television."

>> Adjetivo com sufixo -ER caracteriza COMPARATIVE FORM:

• OLDER, LARGER, LONGER, NICER, BIGGER, EARLIER, etc.

(D) "the majority of Gen Zs prefer streaming services to traditional cable, as well as getting snackable content they can get on their phones and computers."

• NÃO TEM COMPARATIVO E NEM SUPERLATIVO.
• A expressão adverbial "as well as" (= in addition; and also), transmite ideia de ADIÇÃO e não de comparação.

(E) "gen Z is the most ethnically diverse and largest generation in American history, and eclipses all other generations before it in embracing diversity and inclusion."

>> Adjetivo com sufixo -EST caracteriza SUPERLATIVE FORM:

• OLDEST, LARGEST, LONGEST, NICEST, BIGGEST, EARLIEST, etc.

03 – (ESFCEX-2017-OFICIAL DE QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR) Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentence below.

• Which color do you like ______ , yellow or white?

(A) more

(B) most

(C) the most

(D) many

(E) much

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - COMPARATIVE :

Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentence below.

• Which color do you like more, yellow or white?
• De qual cor tu gostas MAIS, amarela ou branca?

(A) more (MORE é usado para formar comparativo.)

(B) most (MOST é usado para formar superlativo)

(C) the most MOST é usado para formar superlativo)

(D) many (não cabe )

(E) much (não compara nada)

>> COMPARATIVO é comparar UMA COR  com OUTRA COR. ADJETIVO com MORE configura caso de COMPARATIVO.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://breakoutenglish.com

04 – (ESFCEX-2014/2015-OFICIAL DE QUADRO COMPLEMENTAR)

Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences below:

My car wasn't big enough, so, I needed a _____ one. My new car is _____ and _____ than the one I had. It is _____ car in the world.

(A) bigger – nicer – better – the most beautiful

(B) more big – more nice – good – the beautiful

(C) the biggest – the more nice – the better – the more beautiful.

(D) the bigger – the nicer – better – the beautiful

(E) the most big – nicer – the best – the more beautiful.

Resposta: A

➧ DICA (1): COMPARATIVO é comparar ELEMENTO A com ELEMENTO B.

➧ DICA (2): SUPERLATIVO é ATRIBUIR A ALGO OU ALGUÉM O GRAU MAIS ELEVADO usando o artigo definido THE antes do adjetivo com sufixo -EST.

1ª SENTENÇA:

• My car wasn't big enough, so, I needed a _____ one.
• Meu carro não era grande o suficiente, então eu precisava de um CARRO MAIOR.
• IDEIA CONTEXTUAL - SITUAÇÃO TÍPICA DE COMPARATIVO porque o narrador está comparando O CARRO dele com um outro CARRO MAIOR de que ele necessita.
• Portanto, na lacuna cabe o adjetivo comparativo BIGGER.
• My car wasn't big enough, so, I needed a BIGGER one.

2ª SENTENÇA:

• My new car is _____ and _____ than the one I had.
• meu carro novo é MAIS BONITO e MELHOR do que o que eu tinha.
• IDEIA CONTEXTUAL - SITUAÇÃO TÍPICA DE COMPARATIVO porque o narrador está comparando O CARRO NOVO dele com um outro CARRO que ele tinha.
• Portanto, nas lacunas cabem os adjetivos comparativos NICER e BETTER.
• My new car is NICER and BETTER than the one I had.

.3ª SENTENÇA:

• It is _____ car in the world.
• É o carro MAIS BONITO do mundo.
• IDEIA CONTEXTUAL - SITUAÇÃO TÍPICA DE SUPERLATIVO porque o narrador está NÃO ESTÁ COMPARANDO NADA.
• Na sentença, em relação ao carro, o narrador ESTÁ ATRIBUINDO AO CARRO DELE O GRAU DE MAIS BONITO DO MUNDO. Seria humanamente impossível o narrador comparar o carro dele como todos os carros do mundo.
• Portanto, na lacuna cabe o adjetivo superlativo THE MOST BEAUTIFUL.

➧ RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

My car wasn't big enough, so, I needed a _____ one. My new car is _____ and _____ than the one I had. It is _____ car in the world.

(A) bigger – nicer – better – the most beautiful (COMPARATIVO-COMPARATIVO-COMPARATIVO-SUPERLATIVO)

(B) more big – more nice – good – the beautiful

(C) the biggest – the more nice – the better – the more beautiful.

(D) the bigger – the nicer – better – the beautiful

(E) the most big – nicer – the best – the more beautiful.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer question 05.  

On top of the World-Imagine Dragons 

If you love somebody

Better tell them why they’re here cause

They just may run away from you

You will never know what went well

Then again it just depends on

How long of time is left for you

I’ve had the highest mountains

I’ve had the deepest rivers

You can have it all but not til you move it

Now take it in but don’t look down. 

 www.vagalume.com.br. 

05 – (EEAR-CFS-2022/2023-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 1)

The words in bold are in the: 

(A) comparative.

(B) superlative.

(C) equality.

(D) future.

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST sinaliza SUPERLATIVE FORM (the highest, the deepest). 

06 – (EEAR-CFS-BCT-2021/2022-TURMA 2)

In the alternatives below, there are superlative forms of adjectives from the text.

The superlative form of good, bad and big are: 

(A) The best, the worse, the bigger.

(B) The best, the worst, the biggest.

(C) The good, the worst, the big.

(D) Better, worse, bigger.

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: (SUPERLATIVE FORM)

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST sinaliza SUPERLATIVE FORM (the biggest, the highest, the deepest, etc.).

(2) ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES: [ GOOD → THE BEST ],  [ BAD → THE WORST ], [ FAR → THE FURTHEST ].

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer question 07. 

Perfect

Ed Sheeran

(...) ‘Cause we were just kids

When we fell in love

Not knowing what it was

I will not give you up this time

But darling, just kiss me slow

Your heart is all I own

And in your eyes you’re holding mine

Baby, I’m dancing in the dark

With you between my arms

Barefoot on the grass

Listening to our favorite song

When you said you looked a mess

I whispered underneath my breath

But you heard it, darling

You look perfect tonight 

Well I found a woman, stronger

Than anyone I know

She shares my dreams

I hope that someday I’ll share her home’ (...)

https://www.vagalume.com.br/ed-sheeran/perfect.html.

07 – (EEAR-CFS-BCT-2021/2022-TURMA 2)

The word “stronger”, in the text, is used in the: 

a) Superlative

b) Comparative of equality

c) Comparative of inferiority

d) Comparative of superiority

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - "THAN" depois de adjetivo com sufixo -ER configura "COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDADE":

• "Well I found a woman, stronger Than anyone I know"
• Bem, encontrei uma mulher, mais forte do que qualquer outra pessoa que conheço.

The word “stronger”, in the text, is used in the:

(A) Superlative

(B) Comparative of equality

(C) Comparative of inferiority

(D) Comparative of superiority

>> No texto, o adjetivo STRONGER é seguido do termo THAN configurando portanto FORMA DE COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDADE (STRONGER THAN).

• (1) Comparative of equality (AS + adjective + AS) = as strong as.
• (2) Comparative of inferiority (LESS adjective + THAN) = less strong than.
• (3) Comparative of superiority (short.adjetive-ER + THAN) ou (MORE + long.adjetive-ER + THAN) = STRONGER THAN. 

➧ TEXT: Read the text and answer question 05.

This extra long word (that approximately means “fantastic”) was popularized by the movie Mary Poppins and was eventually added to the dictionary. What you probably didn’t know is that there is a word that is longer — yes longer — than this one.

Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is a type of lung disease caused by inhaling ash and dust. Go ahead and try pronouncing that!

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/10-interesting-english-facts-guest/

08 – (EEAR-CFS-2021/2022-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 2)

The word LONGEST, in the picture, and LONGER, in the text, are in the __________ and __________ forms, respectively. 

a) comparative / superlative

b) superlative / comparative

c) comparative / imperative

d) superlative / imperative

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -ER configura a COMPARATIVE FORM (LONGER). 

(2) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST configura a SUPERLATIVE FORM (LONGEST).

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer question 09. 

Human-induced global heating ‘causes over a third of heat deaths’ 

(...)

Overall, they found 37% of all heat-related deaths in the locations studied were attributable to human activity – but the largest climate change-induced contributions (more than 50%) were in southern and western Asia (Iran and Kuwait), south-east Asia (the Philippines and Thailand) and Central and South America.

Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/may/31/humaninduced-global-heating-causes-over-third-heat-deaths

09 – (EEAR-CFS-2021/2022-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 2)

The adjective “largest” in bold is in the: 

a) comparative form

b) superlative form

c) neutral form

d) inferior form

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST configura a SUPERLATIVE FORM (LARGEST, LONGEST, EASIEST, etc).

(2) THE LARGEST é a forma superlativa do adjetivo original LARGE (oposto de "small").

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer questions 10. 

Fires and Hurricanes 

In the US, fires burn in the west. Also, hurricanes hit the east. However, extreme weather is more and more usual in all of the world. 

Scientists think that human activity brings more extreme weather. The planet is getting warmer. 

A study finds that people are responsible for 97% of fires in the US. Warmer temperatures mean more fires. The fires start very easily. They are bigger. It is harder to stop them. 

Warmer temperatures also make more hurricanes. The hurricanes are stronger. It is more common that they get the land. They break up houses. They kill people, too. Scientists expect more hurricanes this year. The hurricane season ends on November 30th.

https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/fires-and-hurricanes-level-1/

10 – (EEAR-CFS-2021/2022-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 1)

The words in bold, in the text, are in the 

a) comparative form.

b) simple past form.

c) superlative form.

d) base form.

Resposta: A

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -ER sinaliza COMPARATIVE FORM (warmer, bigger, harder, stronger).

(2) Fonte: Essential Grammar in Use - R. Murphy.

(3) BASE FORM = É a forma original do adjetivo (warm, easy, long, nice, etc).

(4) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST sinaliza SUPERLATIVE FORM (WARMEST, EASIEST, LONGEST, etc).

(5) SIMPLE PAST FORM não forma adjetivos.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text to answer question 11.

Back to School

For generations in the United States, a nineteenth century invention known as the public school system was seen as the best way to give students the knowledge and skills to become nice citizens. Around the 1960s, experts began questioning the system, citing the need for new types of schools to meet the changing demands of the twentieth century. These reformers eventually won for parents a much broader range of educational choices – including religious, alternative, and charter schools and home schooling – but they also sparked a debate on teaching and learning that still divides experts to this day.

Nunan, David - Listen in book 2,second edition.

11 – (EEAR-CFS-2019/2020-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 1)

The adjective form

“the best” (line 3) and “nice” (line 4),

underlined in the text, have as their comparative forms, respectively:

(A) good and nicer.

(B) better and nicer.

(C) best and the nicer.

(D) the better and the nicest.

 

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: 

(1) THE BEST é a forma superlativa do adjetivo original GOOD.

(2) BETTER é a forma comparativa do adjetivo original GOOD.

(3) NICER é a forma comparativa do adjetivo original NICE.

(4) GOOD é o adjetivo na forma base, ou seja, na sua forma original.

(5) NICE é o adjetivo na forma base, ou seja, na sua forma original.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the cartoon and answer questions 12.

www.garfield.com

12 – (EEAR-CFS-2019/2020-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 1)

The word "easier", in the text, is in the:

(A) base form

(B) superlative form

(C) comparative form

(D) past participle form

Resposta: C

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -ER sinaliza COMPARATIVE FORM (EASIER, LONGER, NICER, etc).

(2) EASIER é a forma comparativa do adjetivo original EASY (oposto de "difficult").

(3) BASE FORM = Forma base, forma original (easy, long, nice, etc).

(4) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST sinaliza SUPERLATIVE FORM (EASIEST, LONGEST, etc).

(5) Adjetivo com sufixo -ED sinaliza ADJETIVO FORMADO PELO PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DE VERBO (confused, concerned, worried, etc)

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the cartoon and answer question 13.

13 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 1)

The underlined word in the cartoon implies an idea of:

a) comparative adjectives
b) superlative adjectives
c) comparisons

d) adverb

Resposta: B

➧ DICA:

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -EST sinaliza SUPERLATIVE FORM (EASIEST, LONGEST, etc).

(2) THE EASIEST é a forma superlativa do adjetivo original EASY(oposto de "difficult").

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and answer question 13:

It's never too late to make changes to prevent diseases that may end your flying career. And becoming healthier doesn’t mean you have to make major changes.

(...)

Fonte:http://goo.gl/W3uCrU Acess 30/05/2017

13 – (EEAR-CFS-2017/2018-AERONAVEGANTES E NÃO-NAVEGANTES-TURMA 2)

The adjective "healthier", underlined in the text, is a ________.

(A) superlative
(B) comparative of equality
(C) comparative of inferiority
(D) comparative of superiority

Resposta: D

➧ DICA: 

(1) Adjetivo com sufixo -ER caracteriza COMPARATIVE FORM (EASIER, LONGER, NICER, etc).

(2) HEALTHIER é a forma comparativa do adjetivo original HEALTHY (oposto de "sick").

(3) "HEALTHIER (THAN)" é um COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDADE.

(4) "AS HEALTY AS" é um COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDADE.

(3) "LESS HEALTY (THAN)" é um COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDADE.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the article and answer question 14.

Unbeetable: The humble root which fights cancer

 and lowers blood pressure

With its sweet, earthy taste and ruby-red interior, beetroot is a favourite of foods, but there’s far more to it than that.

The majority of beetroot’s benefits stem from the unusually high level of nitrates it contains.

Nitrates have suffered a bad reputation because of their use as a food additive. However, recent studies have shown that nitrates in beetroot lower blood pressure.

A study carried out in 2010 also found that the ____ the blood pressure, the _____ the drop observed. If beetroot juice is consumed widely, there will be reduction in death from cardiovascular disease.

Among other benefits, beetroots may also slow progression of dementia and growth of tumours.

14 – (EEAR-CFS-BCT-2013/2014-TURMA 2)

Choose the alternative so as to have the article completed correctly:

(A) high – great
(B) higher – greater
(C) higher – greatest
(D) highest – greatest

Resposta: B

➧ DICA: OS DOIS ADJETIVO DEVEM ESTAR NA FORMA COMPARATIVA PARA DIZER QUE UMA COISA DEPENDE DE UMA OUTRA COISA:

➧ SENTENÇA CONTEXTUAL:

• A study carried out in 2010 also found that the ____ the blood pressure, the _____ the drop observed.
• IDEIA CONTEXTUAL - Nas lacunas, cabem respectivamente os adjetivos comparativos THE  HIGHER ... THE GREATER utilizadas para dizer que uma coisa depende da outra, ou seja, PARA DIZER QUE UMA COISA DEPENDE DE UMA OUTRA COISA, quanto maior a pressão arterial estiver, maior será a queda de pressão observada.
• SENTENÇA COMPLETA:
• A study carried out in 2010 also found that the higher the blood pressure, the greater the drop observed.

➧ RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

(A) high – great (forma base, forma base)
(B) higher – greater (comparativo, comparativo)
(C) higher – greatest (comparativo, superlativo)
(D) highest – greatest (superlativo, superlativo)