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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
- IGEDUC-PREFEITURA DE POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR.
- V para item julgado como CERTO, VERDADEIRO ou CORRETO; ou
- F para item julgado com ERRADO, FALSO ou INCORRETO.
01 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
The zero article, the absence of any article, is used in specific contexts, such as with plural and uncountable nouns or when referring to things in general. Understanding when to omit articles is essential for precise communication in American English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
The zero article, the absence of any article, is used in specific contexts, such as with plural and uncountable nouns or when referring to things in general. Understanding when to omit articles is essential for precise communication in American English.
O artigo zero, ausência de qualquer artigo, é utilizado em contextos específicos, como no caso de substantivos plurais e incontáveis ou quando se refere a coisas em geral. Compreender quando omitir artigos é essencial para uma comunicação precisa em inglês americano.
>> 12 SITUAÇÕES - NÃO SE USA ARTIGOS:
(1) before meals (dinner, breakfast, lunch, etc.):
- Breakfast is served at the hotel. (Not 'The/a/anbreakfast is served at the hotel.')
- O café da manhã é servido no hotel.
(2) before names of languages (Russian, English, German, Italian, etc):
- I think English is a nice language. (Not 'I think the/a/an English is a nice language.')(before names of languages,)
- Acho que o inglês é uma língua legal.
- History is my favorite subject at school. (Not 'The/a/an history is my favorite subject at school.')
- A história é minha matéria favorita na escola.
(4) before games and sports (football, basketball, rugby, tennis, etc):
- She plays football very well. (Not 'She plays the/a/an football very well.')
- Ela joga futebol muito bem.
(5) before proper names (Kamala Harris, Donald Trump, Joe Biden, Oxford street, etc):
- Sam is standing over there. (Not 'The/ a/ an Sam is standing over there.')
- Sam está parado ali.
(6) before Abstract Nouns (Happiness, etc):
- Happiness is not by chance but by choice. (we cannot say 'the happiness.')
(7) before places (cities, most countries, continents, lakes, etc):
- I have always wanted to go on safari in Africa. (Not 'I always wanted to go on safari in the Africa)
- Eu sempre quis fazer um safári na África.
- Lake Michigan is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world. (Not 'the Lake Michigan is one of the largest...)
- O Lago Michigan é um dos maiores lagos de água doce do mundo.
(8) before days of the week and months (Monday, November, January, etc.):
- I was born in June. (Not 'I was born in the/a/an June.')
- Eu nasci em junho.
(9) Before Some Determiners (any, some, my, this, that):
- This cake tastes delicious. (Not the this cake tastes delicious)
(10) 'Newspaper headlines' do not need an article to become definite. Do not use articles in newspaper headlines. For example:
- Democrats are still processing their defeat. (Not 'the/a/an Democrats are still processing their defeat.')
- Os democratas ainda estão processando sua derrota.
(11) 'Notices and User Guides' do not need an article to become definite. Do not use articles in Notices and User Guides. For example:
- Insert battery. (Not 'Insert the/a/an battery.')
- Put container in 30°C. (Not 'Put the/a/an container in 30°C.')
(12) When you want to talk about the type of transportation you use, there is no need to use articles after the preposition 'by.' Check out the examples for more clarification:
- We went to the festival by car. (Not 'We went to the festival by the/a/an car.')
- * Let us take a bus. ( Not 'Let us take bus.')(In this example, the preposition 'by' is not used. So we must use an article.)
>> SUMMARY CHART: From: https://test-english.com
02 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Correlative conjunctions, exemplified by pairs like “either...or” and “neither...nor,” work together to connect grammatically parallel elements. The correct usage of correlative conjunctions ensures a balanced and harmonious structure within sentences, promoting effective communication in American English. Understanding the interplay between these paired conjunctions facilitates the construction of well-formed and logically connected expressions in both written and spoken contexts.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Correlative conjunctions, exemplified by pairs like “either...or” and “neither...nor,” work together to connect grammatically parallel elements. The correct usage of correlative conjunctions ensures a balanced and harmonious structure within sentences, promoting effective communication in American English. Understanding the interplay between these paired conjunctions facilitates the construction of well-formed and logically connected expressions in both written and spoken contexts.
Conjunções correlativas, exemplificadas por pares como “ou...ou” e “nem...nem”, trabalham juntas para conectar elementos gramaticalmente paralelos. O uso correto de conjunções correlativas garante uma estrutura equilibrada e harmoniosa nas frases, promovendo uma comunicação eficaz no inglês americano. Compreender a interação entre essas conjunções emparelhadas facilita a construção de expressões bem formadas e logicamente conectadas em contextos escritos e falados.
03 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Countable and uncountable nouns present distinct challenges in English grammar. Countable nouns refer to individual items that can be enumerated, while uncountable nouns denote substances or concepts without clear boundaries. Mastery of these distinctions is crucial for accurate article usage and grammatical agreement.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Countable and uncountable nouns present distinct challenges in English grammar. Countable nouns refer to individual items that can be enumerated, while uncountable nouns denote substances or concepts without clear boundaries. Mastery of these distinctions is crucial for accurate article usage and grammatical agreement. Substantivos contáveis e incontáveis apresentam desafios distintos na gramática inglesa. Os substantivos contáveis referem-se a itens individuais que podem ser enumerados, enquanto os substantivos incontáveis denotam substâncias ou conceitos sem limites claros. O domínio dessas distinções é crucial para o uso preciso do artigo e a concordância gramatical.
04 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
The phenomenology of word order in syntax transcends surface grammatical rules, delving into intricate underlying semantic and pragmatic relationships. In this context, understanding variations in word order requires not only syntactic knowledge but also a sophisticated appreciation of communicative intentions and idiomatic expression.
Comentários e Gabarito V
The phenomenology of word order in syntax transcends surface grammatical rules, delving into intricate underlying semantic and pragmatic relationships. In this context, understanding variations in word order requires not only syntactic knowledge but also a sophisticated appreciation of communicative intentions and idiomatic expression.
A fenomenologia da ordem das palavras na sintaxe transcende as regras gramaticais superficiais, investigando intrincadas relações semânticas e pragmáticas subjacentes. Neste contexto, a compreensão das variações na ordem das palavras requer não apenas conhecimento sintático, mas também uma apreciação sofisticada das intenções comunicativas e da expressão idiomática.
05 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Irregular plural forms, such as “children” and “geese,” deviate from standard rules for creating plurals in English. Recognizing these irregularities is crucial for accurate usage, as these unique forms contribute to the richness and diversity of the language. Mastery of irregular plurals enhances language proficiency and writing skills.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Irregular plural forms, such as “children” and “geese,” deviate from standard rules for creating plurals in English. Recognizing these irregularities is crucial for accurate usage, as these unique forms contribute to the richness and diversity of the language. Mastery of irregular plurals enhances language proficiency and writing skills.
Formas plurais irregulares, como “children”(crianças) e “geese”(gansos), desviam-se das regras padrão para a criação de plurais em inglês. Reconhecer estas irregularidades é crucial para um uso preciso, uma vez que estas formas únicas contribuem para a riqueza e diversidade da língua. O domínio de plurais irregulares melhora a proficiência linguística e as habilidades de escrita.
06 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Prepositions of movement, such as “to,” “from,” and “through”, elucidate the direction of action within a sentence. Proper application of these prepositions ensures precise communication, allowing speakers and writers to convey movement and spatial relationships with accuracy. Proficiency in using prepositions of movement enhances overall language proficiency.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Prepositions of movement, such as “to,” “from,” and “through”, elucidate the direction of action within a sentence. Proper application of these prepositions ensures precise communication, allowing speakers and writers to convey movement and spatial relationships with accuracy. Proficiency in using prepositions of movement enhances overall language proficiency.
Preposições de movimento, como “to”(para), “from”(de) e “through”(através), elucidam a direção da ação dentro de uma frase. A aplicação adequada dessas preposições garante uma comunicação precisa, permitindo que falantes e escritores transmitam movimentos e relações espaciais com precisão. A proficiência no uso de preposições de movimento melhora a proficiência geral do idioma.
09 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Coordinating conjunctions, including “and,” “but,” and “or,” serve to connect elements of equal grammatical rank within a sentence. These conjunctions facilitate the formation of compound structures, enabling a concise and organized expression of ideas in American English. Understanding their application enhances syntactical clarity and coherence in written and spoken communication.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Coordinating conjunctions, including “and,” “but,” and “or,” serve to connect elements of equal grammatical rank within a sentence. These conjunctions facilitate the formation of compound structures, enabling a concise and organized expression of ideas in American English. Understanding their application enhances syntactical clarity and coherence in written and spoken communication.
As conjunções coordenativas, incluindo “e”, “mas” e “ou”, servem para conectar elementos de mesma classificação gramatical dentro de uma frase. Essas conjunções facilitam a formação de estruturas compostas, possibilitando uma expressão concisa e organizada de ideias no inglês americano. Compreender a sua aplicação aumenta a clareza sintática e a coerência na comunicação escrita e falada.
10 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Gradable adjectives in American English often take modifiers like “very,” “quite” or “rather” to express different degrees of intensity. Understanding how to use these modifiers enhances language proficiency and allows for more nuanced and precise expression.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Gradable adjectives in American English often take modifiers like “very,” “quite” or “rather” to express different degrees of intensity. Understanding how to use these modifiers enhances language proficiency and allows for more nuanced and precise expression.
Adjetivos gradáveis em inglês americano geralmente usam modificadores como “very,”(muito), “quite”(bastante) ou “rather”(um tanto, bastante) para expressar diferentes graus de intensidade. Compreender como usar esses modificadores melhora a proficiência no idioma e permite uma expressão mais precisa e matizada.
>> Gradable Adjectives (Modifiers that we can use with them: really/very, extremely, a little/a bit, pretty/quite):
- angry, big, boring, cheap, cold, expensive, frightening, funny, hot, interesting, old, pretty, small, tasty, tired, etc.
>> Non-gradable (extreme adjectives)(Modifiers that we can use with them: absolutely/really):
- amazing, ancient, awful, boiling, delicious, enormous, excellent, exhausted, fascinating, freezing, gorgeous, terrible, terrifying, tiny, etc.
>> Non-gradable (absolute adjectives)(Modifiers that we can use with them: absolutely/totally/completely):
- acceptable, destroyed, finished, free, impossible, necessary, perfect, ruined, unacceptable, etc.
11 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Syntactic ambiguity, arising from grammatical structures that allow for multiple interpretations, is an intriguing linguistic phenomenon. Recognizing and mitigating syntactic ambiguity requires a profound understanding of the structural nuances of language, highlighting the underlying complexity in the formation of sentences in contemporary English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Syntactic ambiguity, arising from grammatical structures that allow for multiple interpretations, is an intriguing linguistic phenomenon. Recognizing and mitigating syntactic ambiguity requires a profound understanding of the structural nuances of language, highlighting the underlying complexity in the formation of sentences in contemporary English.
A ambiguidade sintática, decorrente de estruturas gramaticais que permitem múltiplas interpretações, é um fenômeno linguístico intrigante. Reconhecer e mitigar a ambiguidade sintática requer uma compreensão profunda das nuances estruturais da linguagem, destacando a complexidade subjacente na formação de frases no inglês contemporâneo.
>> Here are some examples of syntactic ambiguity:
- "The chicken is ready to eat" could mean the chicken is cooked and ready to eat, or it could mean the chicken is ready to be fed.
- "The professor said on Monday he would give an exam" could mean the professor told the class about the exam on Monday, or it could mean the exam would be given on Monday.
- "They are cooking apples" could mean the word "cooking" is being used as an adjective or a verb.
- "I saw the man with the telescope" could mean the speaker used a telescope to see the man, or it could mean the man has a telescope.
12 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Central to effective text interpretation is the discernment of the author's purpose and perspective. Scrutinizing linguistic choices, tonal variations, and structural elements provides valuable insights into the author's intentions, allowing readers to engage meaningfully with the material and appreciate the text's overarching significance.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Central to effective text interpretation is the discernment of the author's purpose and perspective. Scrutinizing linguistic choices, tonal variations, and structural elements provides valuable insights into the author's intentions, allowing readers to engage meaningfully with the material and appreciate the text's overarching significance.
Central para uma interpretação eficaz do texto é o discernimento do propósito e da perspectiva do autor. O exame minucioso das escolhas linguísticas, das variações tonais e dos elementos estruturais fornece insights valiosos sobre as intenções do autor, permitindo que os leitores se envolvam de forma significativa com o material e apreciem o significado abrangente do texto.
14 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Adverbs of frequency, like “always” or “rarely,” indicate how often an action takes place. Proper use of these adverbs contributes to accurate communication, allowing speakers to express routines, habits, or the frequency of specific events in American English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Adverbs of frequency, like “always” or “rarely,” indicate how often an action takes place. Proper use of these adverbs contributes to accurate communication, allowing speakers to express routines, habits, or the frequency of specific events in American English.
Advérbios de frequência, como “always”(sempre) ou “rarely”(raramente), indicam a frequência com que uma ação ocorre. O uso adequado desses advérbios contribui para uma comunicação precisa, permitindo que os falantes expressem rotinas, hábitos ou frequência de eventos específicos no inglês americano.
15 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Definite articles, “the,” specify a particular noun that is already known or has been previously mentioned in the context. Understanding the appropriate use of definite articles is crucial for indicating specificity and reference in American English.
16 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Adverbs can function as sentence modifiers, providing additional information about the speaker's attitude, certainty, or the likelihood of an event. Adverbs in this context, such as “fortunately” or “surprisingly,” play a vital role in conveying the speaker's perspective in American English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Adverbs can function as sentence modifiers, providing additional information about the speaker's attitude, certainty, or the likelihood of an event. Adverbs in this context, such as “fortunately” or “surprisingly,” play a vital role in conveying the speaker's perspective in American English.
Os advérbios podem funcionar como modificadores de frases, fornecendo informações adicionais sobre a atitude do falante, a certeza ou a probabilidade de um evento. Advérbios neste contexto, como “felizmente” ou “surpreendentemente”, desempenham um papel vital na transmissão da perspectiva do falante no inglês americano.
17 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Collective nouns, like “team” or “family,” present a challenge in determining whether to treat them as singular or plural. The context and intended emphasis guide the decision, reflecting the collective unit's unity or the individuality of its members. Mastery of collective noun usage refines language precision and clarity.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Collective nouns, like “team” or “family,” present a challenge in determining whether to treat them as singular or plural. The context and intended emphasis guide the decision, reflecting the collective unit's unity or the individuality of its members. Mastery of collective noun usage refines language precision and clarity.
Substantivos coletivos, como “equipe” ou “família”, apresentam um desafio na determinação de tratá-los como singulares ou plurais. O contexto e a ênfase pretendida orientam a decisão, refletindo a unidade da unidade coletiva ou a individualidade de seus membros. O domínio do uso de substantivos coletivos refina a precisão e a clareza da linguagem.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
18 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Nouns, as essential components of language, categorize and name entities, encompassing both tangible and abstract concepts. The proper understanding of noun classifications—common, proper, concrete, abstract—facilitates precise and effective communication, as nouns serve as the foundation for constructing meaningful sentences.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Nouns, as essential components of language, categorize and name entities, encompassing both tangible and abstract concepts. The proper understanding of noun classifications—common, proper, concrete, abstract—facilitates precise and effective communication, as nouns serve as the foundation for constructing meaningful sentences.
Substantivos, como componentes essenciais da linguagem, categorizam e nomeiam entidades, abrangendo conceitos tangíveis e abstratos. A compreensão adequada das classificações de substantivos — comum, próprio, concreto, abstrato — facilita a comunicação precisa e eficaz, pois os substantivos servem como base para a construção de frases significativas.
19 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Phrasal prepositions, composed of multiple words, introduce complexity into English grammar. Expressions like “in spite of” or “due to” function as single prepositional units, and understanding their nuances is essential for conveying nuanced relationships within sentences. Proficiency in phrasal prepositions enriches language usage and expression.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Phrasal prepositions, composed of multiple words, introduce complexity into English grammar. Expressions like “in spite of” or “due to” function as single prepositional units, and understanding their nuances is essential for conveying nuanced relationships within sentences. Proficiency in phrasal prepositions enriches language usage and expression.
As preposições frasais, compostas por múltiplas palavras, introduzem complexidade na gramática inglesa. Expressões como “in spite of” (apesar de) ou due to”(devido) a” funcionam como unidades preposicionais únicas, e compreender suas nuances é essencial para transmitir relações diferenciadas dentro das frases. A proficiência em preposições frasais enriquece o uso e a expressão da linguagem.
>> PHRASAL PREPOSITIONS - PREPOSIÇÕES FRASAIS:
- According to the weather forecast, it’s going to rain tomorrow.
- I’m late because of the traffic.
- They communicated by means of a secret code.
- The event was canceled due to the pandemic.
- Everyone has left except for me.
- In addition to the usual suspects, several new players have joined the team.
- She’s standing in front of the store.
- In spite of the rain, we decided to go for a walk.
- I will wait inside of the car.
- On account of the bad weather, we decided to stay home.
- I’m writing this letter on behalf of the company.
- I left my keys on top of the fridge.
- He’s been out of town for a week.
- Owing to the pandemic, many people have lost their jobs.
- We’ll be traveling throughout Europe for three months.
- She put her own interests ahead of everyone else, to the detriment of the team.
- With regard to the project, we need to finalize the budget and timeline.
- With respect to the proposed changes, I have some concerns.
- He donated a million dollars worth of medical equipment to the hospital.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
20 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Subordinating conjunctions, such as “although,” “because,” and “while,” introduce subordinate clauses that depend on main clauses for context and meaning. Proficiency in the use of subordinating conjunctions allows for the creation of complex sentence structures, contributing to nuanced and detailed expression in American English. Recognizing the relationships established by these conjunctions aids in the construction of well-crafted and cohesive written and spoken communication.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Subordinating conjunctions, such as “although,” “because,” and “while,” introduce subordinate clauses that depend on main clauses for context and meaning. Proficiency in the use of subordinating conjunctions allows for the creation of complex sentence structures, contributing to nuanced and detailed expression in American English. Recognizing the relationships established by these conjunctions aids in the construction of well-crafted and cohesive written and spoken communication.
Conjunções subordinadas, como “although,”(embora), “because”(porque) e “while,”(enquanto), introduzem orações subordinadas que dependem das orações principais para contexto e significado. A proficiência no uso de conjunções subordinadas permite a criação de estruturas de frases complexas, contribuindo para uma expressão matizada e detalhada no inglês americano. Reconhecer as relações estabelecidas por essas conjunções auxilia na construção de uma comunicação escrita e falada bem elaborada e coesa.
>> SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS:
>> The acronym (I SAW A WABUB)
- If - Since - As - When - Although - While - After - Before - Until - Because.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
21 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Subordinate clauses, also known as dependent clauses, are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as “although,” “because,” or “while.” These clauses provide additional information and cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Proficiency in using subordinate clauses enhances sentence complexity, enabling the conveyance of intricate relationships and details in American English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Subordinate clauses, also known as dependent clauses, are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as “although,” “because,” or “while.” These clauses provide additional information and cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Proficiency in using subordinate clauses enhances sentence complexity, enabling the conveyance of intricate relationships and details in American English.
As orações subordinadas, também conhecidas como orações dependentes, são introduzidas por conjunções subordinadas como “embora”, “porque” ou “enquanto”. Essas orações fornecem informações adicionais e não podem ser consideradas sentenças completas. A proficiência no uso de orações subordinadas aumenta a complexidade das frases, permitindo a transmissão de relações e detalhes intrincados no inglês americano.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
22 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Reflexive pronouns, such as “myself” and “yourself,” reflect the action back onto the subject. Mastery of reflexive pronoun usage ensures grammatical accuracy and clarity in English sentences. Recognizing situations that warrant reflexive pronouns contributes to effective self-expression.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Reflexive pronouns, such as “myself” and “yourself,” reflect the action back onto the subject. Mastery of reflexive pronoun usage ensures grammatical accuracy and clarity in English sentences. Recognizing situations that warrant reflexive pronouns contributes to effective self-expression.
Pronomes reflexivos, como “myself” e “yourself”, refletem a ação de volta para o sujeito. O domínio do uso de pronomes reflexivos garante precisão gramatical e clareza em frases em inglês. Reconhecer situações que justificam pronomes reflexivos contribui para uma autoexpressão eficaz.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
23 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Grammatical number distinguishes between singular and plural forms of nouns, affecting both their morphology and associated verbs. A nuanced understanding of number agreement is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences, ensuring coherence and precision in English communication.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Grammatical number distinguishes between singular and plural forms of nouns, affecting both their morphology and associated verbs. A nuanced understanding of number agreement is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences, ensuring coherence and precision in English communication.
O número gramatical distingue entre formas singulares e plurais de substantivos, afetando tanto sua morfologia quanto os verbos associados. Uma compreensão diferenciada da concordância numérica é essencial para construir frases gramaticalmente corretas, garantindo coerência e precisão na comunicação em inglês.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
24 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
The perspective of reader-response theory, inspired by the work of Rosenblatt, proposes an approach that emphasizes the reader's subjective response to the text. Delving into this theory requires a refined understanding of how individual experiences, emotions, and perspectives influence the interpretation of literary and informational texts.
Comentários e Gabarito V
The perspective of reader-response theory, inspired by the work of Rosenblatt, proposes an approach that emphasizes the reader's subjective response to the text. Delving into this theory requires a refined understanding of how individual experiences, emotions, and perspectives influence the interpretation of literary and informational texts.
A perspectiva da teoria da resposta do leitor, inspirada no trabalho de Rosenblatt, propõe uma abordagem que enfatiza a resposta subjetiva do leitor ao texto. Aprofundar-se nessa teoria requer uma compreensão refinada de como experiências, emoções e perspectivas individuais influenciam a interpretação de textos literários e informativos.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
25 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Prepositions, such as “in,” “on,” and “between,” convey relationships between elements in a sentence, specifying location, direction, or time. Mastering prepositions is crucial for accurate spatial and temporal communication, as their precise usage enhances the clarity and coherence of English sentences.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Prepositions, such as “in,” “on,” and “between,” convey relationships between elements in a sentence, specifying location, direction, or time. Mastering prepositions is crucial for accurate spatial and temporal communication, as their precise usage enhances the clarity and coherence of English sentences.
Preposições, como “in”, “on” e “between”, transmitem relações entre elementos em uma frase, especificando localização, direção ou tempo. Dominar as preposições é crucial para uma comunicação espacial e temporal precisa, pois seu uso preciso aumenta a clareza e a coerência das frases em inglês.
>> Adjective/Noun/Verb + Preposition Combinations:
- Muitos adjetivos, substantivos e verbos são seguidos por preposições específicas. Nenhuma regra governa esse uso, então essas combinações devem ser simplesmente memorizadas. A tabela abaixo ilustra apenas alguns exemplos de tais combinações.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
28 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Indefinite articles, “a” and “an,” are used to introduce a non-specific item or entity. The choice between “a” and “an” depends on the phonetic sound that follows, with “a” preceding words that start with a consonant sound and “an” preceding words that begin with a vowel sound.
Comentários e Gabarito V
30 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
A nuanced understanding of literary devices is paramount in text interpretation. Identifying and comprehending metaphors, similes, and symbolism enriches the reader's experience by revealing layers of meaning beneath the surface of the text. This skillful interpretation unveils the author's artistic choices and contributes to a deeper appreciation of the written work.
Comentários e Gabarito V
31 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
The proper integration of coordinated and subordinate clauses contributes to syntactic variety and complexity in American English. Combining independent and dependent clauses allows for the expression of a range of relationships and ideas within a sentence. Recognizing the distinctions between these clause types is fundamental for constructing well-structured and communicative written and spoken discourse.
Comentários e Gabarito V
33 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Sentence stress, also known as prosody, is essential in American English for conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. It involves emphasizing certain words or syllables to communicate nuances such as importance, contrast, or emotion. Mastering sentence stress contributes to effective communication in spoken English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
34 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Adjective clauses, also known as relative clauses, provide additional information about a noun in a sentence. Mastering the use of adjective clauses is essential for constructing complex sentences and conveying detailed descriptions in American English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
35 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Adjective order is a crucial aspect of English syntax, and there is a specific sequence that native speakers instinctively follow when using multiple adjectives before a noun. This order is based on categories such as opinion, size, age, shape, color, proper adjective, and purpose.
Comentários e Gabarito V
A ordem dos adjetivos é um aspecto crucial da sintaxe inglesa, e há uma sequência específica que os falantes nativos seguem instintivamente ao usar vários adjetivos antes de um substantivo. Essa ordem é baseada em categorias como opinião, tamanho, idade, forma, cor, adjetivo próprio e propósito.
37 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Possessive nouns, expressing ownership or association, play a vital role in sentence structure. Understanding how to form possessives, whether through apostrophes or other constructions, ensures grammatical accuracy. Proficiency in handling possessive nouns contributes to clear and effective communication in written and spoken English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Substantivos possessivos, expressando propriedade ou associação, desempenham um papel vital na estrutura da frase. Entender como formar possessivos, seja por meio de apóstrofos ou outras construções, garante precisão gramatical. A proficiência no manuseio de substantivos possessivos contribui para uma comunicação clara e eficaz em inglês escrito e falado.
41 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Verbal aspect, a nuanced facet of verb semantics, delves into the temporal flow and structure of actions. Distinguishing between perfective and imperfective aspects requires a deep understanding of how verbs portray the completion or duration of events, adding layers of sophistication to the interpretation of narratives.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Aspecto verbal, uma faceta matizada da semântica verbal, aprofunda-se no fluxo temporal e na estrutura das ações. Distinguir entre aspectos perfectivos e imperfectivos requer uma compreensão profunda de como os verbos retratam a conclusão ou duração de eventos, adicionando camadas de sofisticação à interpretação de narrativas.
43 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Indefinite pronouns, like “everyone” or “nothing,” refer to unspecified or unknown entities. Proficiency in using indefinite pronouns contributes to the creation of inclusive and precise language, allowing speakers and writers to convey generalizations and unknown quantities with accuracy.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Pronomes indefinidos, como “todos” ou “nada”, referem-se a entidades não especificadas ou desconhecidas. A proficiência no uso de pronomes indefinidos contribui para a criação de uma linguagem inclusiva e precisa, permitindo que falantes e escritores transmitam generalizações e quantidades desconhecidas com precisão.
44 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Elliptical syntactic structures, involving the intentional omission of elements in sentence construction, challenge conventional linguistic comprehension. Mastering the interpretation and production of elliptical phrases demands a deep understanding of underlying grammatical relationships and ellipsis strategies, representing an advanced domain of syntax.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Estruturas sintáticas elípticas, envolvendo a omissão intencional de elementos na construção de frases, desafiam a compreensão linguística convencional. Dominar a interpretação e a produção de frases elípticas exige uma compreensão profunda das relações gramaticais subjacentes e estratégias de elipse, representando um domínio avançado da sintaxe.
46 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Word stress in American English is a crucial aspect of pronunciation. It involves emphasizing a specific syllable within a word, and its correct application plays a significant role in conveying meaning and maintaining intelligibility.
Comentários e Gabarito V
A ênfase da palavra no inglês americano é um aspecto crucial da pronúncia. Ela envolve enfatizar uma sílaba específica dentro de uma palavra, e sua aplicação correta desempenha um papel significativo na transmissão de significado e na manutenção da inteligibilidade.
47 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Adverbs of manner, such as “quickly” or “carefully,” provide information about how an action is performed. Understanding the placement of these adverbs in a sentence is crucial for conveying precise details about the manner in which an activity occurs.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Advérbios de modo, como “rapidamente” ou “cuidadosamente”, fornecem informações sobre como uma ação é realizada. Entender a colocação desses advérbios em uma frase é crucial para transmitir detalhes precisos sobre a maneira como uma atividade ocorre.
53 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Verb valency, a syntactic and semantic consideration, involves understanding the number of arguments a verb can govern. Proficiency in discerning monovalent, divalent, and trivalent verbs, as well as recognizing valency alternations, contributes to constructing precise and nuanced sentences, reflecting a higher level of syntactic mastery.
Comentários e Gabarito V
Valência verbal, uma consideração sintática e semântica, envolve entender o número de argumentos que um verbo pode governar. Proficiência em discernir verbos monovalentes, divalentes e trivalentes, bem como reconhecer alternâncias de valência, contribui para construir frases precisas e cheias de nuances, refletindo um nível mais alto de maestria sintática.
54 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Coordinated clauses are independent clauses of equal syntactic weight that are linked by coordinating conjunctions such as “and,” “but,” or “or.” These conjunctions facilitate the creation of compound sentences, allowing for the expression of related ideas with balance and clarity. Understanding the use of coordinating conjunctions enhances the construction of cohesive written and spoken communication.
Comentários e Gabarito V
55 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Proficient interpretation of texts necessitates a meticulous analysis of contextual elements. Unraveling the intricacies of the setting, cultural background, and historical context enhances readers' ability to discern implicit meanings, tones, and underlying messages within diverse written materials.
A interpretação proficiente de textos necessita de uma análise meticulosa de elementos contextuais. Desvendar as complexidades do cenário, contexto cultural e contexto histórico aumenta a capacidade dos leitores de discernir significados implícitos, tons e mensagens subjacentes dentro de diversos materiais escritos.
56 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Pronouns, including personal pronouns like “he” and “she,” replace nouns to avoid repetition. Understanding the nuances of different pronoun types — personal, demonstrative, relative — is essential for constructing clear and concise sentences, contributing to effective communication in English.
Comentários e Gabarito V
61 – (IGEDUC/2023-PM/POMBOS/PE-PROFESSOR)
Intonation, the rise and fall of pitch in speech, plays a crucial role in conveying the speaker's attitude, mood, and intended meaning in American English. Different intonation patterns can distinguish between statements, questions, and exclamations, contributing significantly to effective communication
Comentários e Gabarito V
A entonação, a subida e descida do tom na fala, desempenha um papel crucial na transmissão da atitude, do humor e do significado pretendido do falante no inglês americano. Diferentes padrões de entonação podem distinguir entre declarações, perguntas e exclamações, contribuindo significativamente para uma comunicação eficaz.
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