UnB–2001–CESPE–VESTIBULAR–2º SEMESTRE–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-VESTIBULAR-2001-2º SEMESTRE-05/07/2001.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 TFQs (True False Questions).
• Texto (1) – | http://detnews.com |
• Texto (2) – | socserv.mcmaster.ca |

❑ TEXTO 1: questions 1 through 6.

“Up until 100 years ago, the average patient benefited very little from a visit to the average doctor”, says The Oxford Textbook of Medicine. And it is true that at the beginning of last century the link between germs and disease had only just been established. The average doctor had no way of taking a person’s blood pressure and would have had little idea of its significance anyway. Vaccination was regarded with skepticism, there were no antibiotics, transfusion was unknown and many surgeons still operated ungowned and ungloved in a room crowded with casual pipe-smoking observers.

Things have changed. Now medicine can substantially alter the outcome of most diseases, and the number of conditions people regard as untreatable is diminishing year by year.

Already the impact of new communications technology has been colossal. In recent years the great advances in heart attack survival, for example, have been largely due to the ability to coordinate massive international trials and compare the subtle differences in survival due to different treatments. 

Canvassing specialists’ opinions is becoming easier. In a few years’ time, it might be possible to arrange a video conference from the family doctor’s consulting room, with a specialist anywhere on the globe, together with scan results, X-rays, lab results and a case summary automatically translated into the specialist’s native language and digitally transmitted over the phone.

But all the flashy new developments in medical engineering will pale to insignificance compared with the contribution to 21st century medicine of the anticipated advances in genetics. It is less than 50 years since the basic pattern of the DNA molecule was outlined by Crick and Watson. Ten years from now, the medical world will know every detail of its entire structure. Eventually doctors and scientists will know the chemical sequence, encoded by DNA, for every molecular component of the human body. Genetic therapies will not be limited to the manufacture of new drugs. People will have ways of inserting genes into cells that are malfunctioning.

GLOSSARY

trial: an act or a process of testing the ability, quality, performance of somebody, something, especially before a final decision is reached about them/it.

canvass: to find out what people think about a particular issue or product by asking them.

scan: to obtain an image of a person’s body or part of it on a computer after taking an X-ray or using ultrasound techniques.

Internet: <http://detnews.com/menu/stories>. Access on April 3rd 2001 (with adaptations).

01 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

In text I, the sentence “Up until 100 years ago, the average patient benefited very little from a visit to the average doctor” (l.1-2) means that

1 going to the doctor’s has been useless for the past 100 years.

2 more than 100 years ago, if people were sick they would best benefit by going to see a doctor.

3 very little did average doctors benefit from average patients in the past 100 years.

4 before the 20th century, doctors could usually do very little for many of their patients.

02 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

According to text I,

1 genetics will probably make a significant contribution to 21st century medicine.

2 vaccination was welcomed by everyone in the early 1900s.

3 today’s standard of hygiene has always been present in medicine.

4 the spread of medicine advances has nothing to do with the new communications technology.

03 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Using text I and biology as background information, judge the following items.

1 DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, the basic constituent of the gene.

2 DNA, which codifies protein synthesis, is related to the chemical in the cells of animals and plants.

3 The chemical sequence encoded by DNA will remain a mystery.

4 The only outcome of genetic therapy is the manufacture of new drugs.

04 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

In text I,

1 “at the beginning” (R.3) can be correctly replaced by in the beginning.

2 “its” (R.7) refers to a “person’s blood pressure” (R.6).

3 the prefix un- as in “unknown” (R.8), “ungowned” (R.9) and “ungloved” (R.9) indicates the opposite of.

4 “will” (R.28) can be correctly replaced by might.

05 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

In text I, the phrase “the family doctor’s consulting room” (l.22) is the same as

1 the consulting room of the family doctor.

2 the doctor’s family’s consulting room.

3 the family’s consulting room for the doctor.

4 the consulting doctor’s family room.

06 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Judge if each item below could be an appropriate title for text

 I.

1 Traditional medical treatment is far superior than modern advances

2 Hygiene measures improve people’s health

3 The evolution of medical treatment

4 The power of traditional medicine

❑ TEXTO 2: questions 7 through 13

During the year 2000, almost all traditional American publishers launched a segment of electronic books, the “ebooks”, for the production of digital versions of their printed 4 books. As a counterpart — and in time to catch Christmas shoppers — a new generation of digital reading devices has reached the marketplace, including interesting and innovating 7 functions such as: instant dictionary, making notes in margins, marking and transferring texts and so on. Even though forecasts for e-book sales in 2001 are of 10 over 3 million copies, there are restrictions — such as the number of titles available, definition of software standards (now divided between Adobe and Microsoft), security against 13 duplication and the product’s present price — that will delay the transformation of e-books into our main reading source for at least 10 years more. Nevertheless, the revolution we are 16 witnessing does not refer only to the way we read, but also, and mainly, how information is distributed. On downloading a book from the Internet, we are in fact engaged in an action that 19 reflects a new relationship between reader and writer. This relationship had its first major revolution in ancient Egypt, when the invention of papyrus allowed for the 22 transportation of information registered on pyramid walls to other readers. This process of copying by hand persisted for over 5,000 years, until Gutenberg, by inventing the printing 25 press, generated the second major revolution in writing. By multiplying the number of readers and democratizing access to knowledge — 100 years after the advent of print, there were 28 over 50 million literate people in Europe — the printing press permitted all scientific progress during the following centuries. The Internet is becoming writing’s third major 31 revolution, with a basic difference: while papyrus and print have enabled and democratized the reader’s access to knowledge, the Internet is democratizing the access to readers 34 by the writer himself. The possibility of each person creating and publishing their work on the Internet — be it a book, a song, a thesis, a journal or even a simple essay, allowing 37 access to an endless universe of people, represents a transformation not only for writers and readers, but also for the whole editorial market. Editors who used to be concerned wit h 40 the content and the presentation of the final product will start focusing exclusively on content. And thus, the natural order of printing and distributing will become distributing and, 43 afterwards, if necessary, printing. José Luiz Rossi. Classe A, 2000, p. 28 (with adaptations).

07 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

According to text II, judge the following items.

1 Very few traditional American publishers have introduced the e-books.

2 E-books can be used together with a digital reading device.

3 However appealing e-books and digital reading devices seem, our main reading source will still be the printed book for some more time.

4 More than 3 million copies of e-books are expected to be sold this year.

5 At present, e-books are expensive.

08 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

According to text II, judge the items below.

1 Software standards for e-books are nowadays divided between two groups.

2 The relationship between readers and writers has been changing.

3 Papyrus made information available to everyone.

4 It can be deduced from text II that papyrus is an African discovery.

5 It can be inferred from text II that hieroglyphs were first printed before being sent to other people.

09 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

From text II, it can be concluded that Gutenberg’s invention was a great contribution because

1 more people had access to knowledge.

2 writers had a better opportunity to disseminate their ideas.

3 illiteracy started to decline.

4 the use for papyrus was discovered.

5 scientific progress was made possible.

10 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Considering the issues discussed in text II, judge the following items.

1 Even with the advent of the printing press, access to knowledge remained limited to very few people for over 4,000 years.

2 The invention of e-books can be considered as revolutionary as the invention of the printing press.

3 Written material has undergone three main revolutions over the history of humankind.

4 Compared to the USA, Brazil may take a longer time to have ebooks used nationwide.

11 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Judge if each item below could be an appropriate title for text II.

1 Rise and fall of e-books

2 Egyptian inventions

3 Modern times, modern options

4 E-books: new relationship between readers and writers

5 The Internet: the third revolution in written material

12 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

In text II, the sentence “Editors who used to be concerned with the content and the presentation of the final product will start focusing exclusively on content” (R.39-41) means that

1 whereas content was an important issue for book printing, it is not so any longer.

2 the presentation of a book is a major focus of attention now. 3 in the near future editors will no longer be concerned with the presentation of the final product, but only with its content.

4 editors’ focus will shift from presentation and content to content only.

13 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

he ideas contained in text II lead to the conclusion that the future of e-books

1 has been predicted to be a failure.

2 looks promising.

3 is in the hands of the government.

4 depends on their cost.

14 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Judge whether each item below correctly completes the following clause. If there had been e-books a decade ago,

1 their final price could have been lower nowadays.

2 everybody will use them.

3 people had bought them.

4 they would have been more popular nowadays.

15 – (UnB/VESTIBULAR/2001-2ºSEMESTRE)

Over the years, mankind has achieved significant progress in several areas, including interpersonal relations, although there is still a lot to be accomplished. Considering this fact, look at the picture below of a married couple.

According to the text and picture above, judge the following items.

1 The husband never gives orders at home.

2 The wife usually avoids traditional housework.

3 The husband is eager to help his wife.

4 The man is going to close the door.

UnB–2002–CESPE–VESTIBULAR–2º SEMESTRE–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-VESTIBULAR-2002-2º SEMESTRE-05/07/2002.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 30 TFQs (True False Questions).
• Texto (1) – | The mark of greatness |
• Texto (2) – | Global overview |
• Texto (3) – | Dalai Lama |
• Texto (4) – | Tirinha | Mafalda |

❑ TEXTO 1:

Quino. Mafalda. Bogotá, Colombia: La Oveja Negra, 1980 (with adaptations).

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

The mark of greatness

A marca da grandeza

I think it is possible that later generations, if they were asked to choose, regardless of nationality, one man above all others as having been the greatest in the first half of the twentieth century, might select a name which today may perhaps be received with surprise: it is that of Gandhi.

Penso que é possível que as gerações posteriores, se lhes fosse pedido que escolhessem, independentemente da nacionalidade, um homem acima de todos os outros como tendo sido o maior da primeira metade do século XX, escolhessem um nome que hoje talvez possa ser recebido com surpresa: é o de Gandhi.

Consider the vastness of the scale on which Gandhi worked  — a country containing nearly a fifth of the human race, with reactions affecting all Asia. Consider the loftiness of his aim — to raise the self-respect of the people; to establish their liberties, to lift them out of poverty and ignorance; to emancipate the women; to rescue the outcasts1.

Consideremos a vastidão da escala em que Gandhi trabalhou – um país que contém quase um quinto da raça humana, com reações que afetaram toda a Ásia. Considere a grandiosidade do seu objetivo – aumentar o respeito próprio do povo; estabelecer as suas liberdades, tirá-los da pobreza e da ignorância; emancipar as mulheres; para resgatar os excluídos1.

Remember that he was resolute throughout in seeking his ends without violence — without armed revolution or wars; his weapon, self-sacrifice. Sum this all up, and then search for any other man of our age more worthy than he of the honour and reverence of future generations.

Lembre-se de que ele esteve sempre decidido a procurar os seus fins sem violência – sem revoluções armadas ou guerras; sua arma, o auto-sacrifício. Resuma tudo isso e procure qualquer outro homem de nossa época mais digno do que ele da honra e reverência das gerações futuras.

Mary Tavares Azevedo e Cydhelia Denys Santiago. Inglês: segundo grau, textos e testes, 1976, p. 97.

*outcast – a person who is driven away from home, friends or society, or who has no place in society.

(...)

01 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

According to text I,

1 the author thinks that later generations will not remember Gandhi.

2 Gandhi was one of the greatest personalities of the years 1900-1950.

3 Gandhi’s country has close to 50% of the human race.

4 the extent of Gandhi’s work would be felt all over Asia.

5 Gandhi’s work has never been recognized.

 Gabarito  ECEC :

According to text I,

 Item 1  Errado :

the author thinks that later generations will not remember Gandhi.

(o autor pensa que as gerações posteriores não se lembrarão de Gandhi.)

 Item 2  Correto :

Gandhi was one of the greatest personalities of the years 1900-1950.

(Gandhi foi uma das maiores personalidades dos anos 1900-1950.)

➧Item (2) alinhada com ideia contextual:

"[...] I think it is possible that later generations, if they were asked to choose, regardless of nationality, one man above all others as having been the greatest in the first half of the twentieth century, might select a name which today may perhaps be received with surprise: it is that of Gandhi."

(Acho que é possível que as gerações posteriores, se lhes pedissem para escolher, independentemente da nacionalidade, um homem acima de todos os outros como tendo sido o maior na primeira metade do século XX, selecionem um nome que hoje talvez possa ser recebido com surpresa: é a de Gandhi.)

 Item 3  Errado :

Gandhi’s country has close to 50% of the human race.

(O país de Gandhi tem cerca de 50% da raça humana.)

➧Item (3) alinhada com ideia contextual:

"[...] Consider the vastness of the scale on which Gandhi worked  — a country containing nearly a fifth of the human race, with reactions affecting all Asia."

(Considere a vastidão da escala em que Gandhi trabalhou - um país contendo quase um quinto da raça humana, com reações afetando toda a Ásia.)

 Item 4  Correto :

the extent of Gandhi’s work would be felt all over Asia.

(a extensão do trabalho de Gandhi seria sentida em toda a Ásia.)

➧Item (4) alinhada com ideia contextual:

"[...] Consider the vastness of the scale on which Gandhi worked  — a country containing nearly a fifth of the human race, with reactions affecting all Asia."

(Considere a vastidão da escala em que Gandhi trabalhou - um país contendo quase um quinto da raça humana, com reações afetando toda a Ásia.)"

 Item 5  Errado :

Gandhi’s work has never been recognized.

02 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

From text I, it can be inferred that Gandhi

1 was driven by the thought of justice.

2 must have been in favor of women’s right to work.

3 believed in the slogan the ends justify the means.

4 was against equal rights for men and women.

 Gabarito  CCEE :

From text I, it can be inferred that Gandhi...

Do texto I, pode-se inferir que Gandhi ...

 Item 1  Correto :

was driven by the thought of justice.

(foi impulsionado pelo pensamento de justiça.)

 Item 2  Correto :

must have been in favor of women’s right to work.

(deve ter sido a favor do direito das mulheres ao trabalho.)

 Item 3  Errado :

believed in the slogan the ends justify the means.

(acreditou no slogan os fins justificam os meios.)

 Item 4  Errado :

was against equal rights for men and women.

(era contra a igualdade de direitos para homens e mulheres.)

03 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In each item below, judge if the fragment from text I indicates that Gandhi was a compassionate man.

1 “one man above all” (l.2)

2 “to raise the self-respect of the people” (l.9)

3 “seeking his ends without violence” (l.12-13)

4 “armed revolution or wars” (l.13)

 Gabarito  ECCE :

In each item below, judge if the fragment from text I indicates that Gandhi was a compassionate man.

(Em cada item abaixo, julgue se o fragmento do texto I indica que Gandhi era um homem compassivo.)

 Item 1  Errado :

“one man above all” (l.2)

(um homem acima de tudo)

 Item 2  Correto :

“to raise the self-respect of the people” (l.9)

(aumentar o respeito próprio das pessoas)

 Item 3  Correto :

“seeking his ends without violence” (l.12-13)

(buscando seus fins sem violência)

 Item 4  Errado :

“armed revolution or wars” (l.13)

(revolução armada ou guerras)

04 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In accordance with text I, Gandhi

1 believed everybody should be respected and have a place in society.

2 succeeded in making Israel and Palestine close followers of his philosophy.

3 sacrificed his own people.

4 adopted a firm position against violence.

5 worked in several countries in Asia.

 Gabarito  CEECE :

In accordance with text I, Gandhi...

De acordo com o texto I, Gandhi...

 Item 1  Correto :

believed everybody should be respected and have a place in society.

(acreditava que todos deveriam ser respeitados e ter um lugar na sociedade.)

 Item 2  Errado :

succeeded in making Israel and Palestine close followers of his philosophy.

(conseguiu fazer de Israel e da Palestina seguidores próximos de sua filosofia.)

 Item 3  Errado :

sacrificed his own people.

(sacrificou seu próprio povo.)

 Item 4  Correto :

adopted a firm position against violence.

(adotou uma posição firme contra a violência.)

 Item 5  Errado :

worked in several countries in Asia.

(trabalhou em vários países da Ásia.)

05 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In text I, the sentence “Remember that he was resolute throughout in seeking his ends without violence — without armed revolution or wars; his weapon, self-sacrifice” (l.11-14) means that

1 although he believed in achieving his goals regardless of what may have happened, he would kill himself if it were necessary.

2 at no moment did he change his mind about not using violence to struggle for his ideals; instead, he would sacrifice himself as a form of pressure.

3 because he didn’t have an army to support him, his only weapon also failed.

4 he was determined from beginning to end to discard violence and to give up things he liked to help others, or for a good purpose.

 Gabarito  ECEC :

In text I, the sentence “Remember that he was resolute throughout in seeking his ends without violence — without armed revolution or wars; his weapon, self-sacrifice” (l.11-14) means that...

No texto I, a frase “Lembre-se de que ele sempre esteve decidido a buscar seus fins sem violência - sem revolução armada ou guerras; sem sua arma, sem auto-sacrifício ” significa que....

 Item 1  Errado :

although he believed in achieving his goals regardless of what may have happened, he would kill himself if it were necessary.

(embora acreditasse em alcançar seus objetivos independentemente do que pudesse ter acontecido, ele se mataria se fosse necessário.)

 Item 2  Correto :

at no moment did he change his mind about not using violence to struggle for his ideals; instead, he would sacrifice himself as a form of pressure.

(em nenhum momento ele mudou de ideia sobre não usar a violência para lutar por seus ideais; em vez disso, ele se sacrificaria como uma forma de pressão.)

 Item 3  Errado :

because he didn’t have an army to support him, his only weapon also failed.

(porque ele não tinha um exército para apoiá-lo, sua única arma também falhou.)

 Item 4  Correto :

he was determined from beginning to end to discard violence and to give up things he liked to help others, or for a good purpose.

(ele estava determinado do início ao fim a descartar a violência e a desistir de coisas que gostava para ajudar os outros, ou por um bom propósito.)

06 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In text I,

1 “later” (l.1) indicates place.

2 “that” (l.5) refers to “surprise” (l.5).

3 “to raise” (l.9) is the opposite of to lower.

4 “Sum this all up” (l.14) means Add this all up.

 Gabarito  EECE :

In text I,

 Item 1  Errado :

“later” (l.1) indicates place.

 Item 2  Errado :

“that” (l.5) refers to “surprise” (l.5).

 Item 3  Correto :

“to raise” (l.9) is the opposite of to lower.

 Item 4  Errado :

“Sum this all up” (l.14) means Add this all up.

07 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

He who knows what he wants has already walked a long way in order to achieve it.

Harold Sherman (with adaptations).

(...)

The above quotation means that

1 becoming aware of what we want always takes a long time.

2 people who know what they want take longer to accomplish things.

3 those who know what they want may be at a disadvantage.

4 one that knows what one wants is closer to reaching one’s objective.

5 the goal seems less distant to people who know what they want.

 Gabarito  EEECC :

The above quotation means that

1 becoming aware of what we want always takes a long time.

2 people who know what they want take longer to accomplish things.

3 those who know what they want may be at a disadvantage.

4 one that knows what one wants is closer to reaching one’s objective.

5 the goal seems less distant to people who know what they want.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

Global overview

Visão geral global

Nearly half of the world’s population (47 per cent) lives in urban areas, a figure which is expected to grow by per cent per year during 2000-15 (United Nations Population Division 2001a).

Quase metade da população mundial (47 por cento) vive em áreas urbanas, um número que deverá crescer por cento ao ano durante 2000-15 (Divisão de População das Nações Unidas 2001a).

The accumulation of people, their consumption patterns, travel behaviour and their urban economic activities have a large impact on the environment in terms of resource consumption and waste discharges.

A acumulação de pessoas, os seus padrões de consumo, o comportamento de viagem e as suas atividades econômicas urbanas têm um grande impacto no ambiente em termos de consumo de recursos e descargas de resíduos.

However, cities also offer opportunities to manage a growing population in a sustainable way.

No entanto, as cidades também oferecem oportunidades para gerir uma população crescente de forma sustentável.

Time nature takes to absorb litter lying on the ground or sand

Tempo que a natureza leva para absorver o lixo que está no chão ou na areia

newspapers 2 – 6 weeks (jornais 2 – 6 semanas)

paper containers 1 – 4 months (recipientes de papel 1 – 4 meses)

fruit peel, napkins 3 months (casca de fruta, guardanapos 3 meses)

cigarette stubs, matches 2 years (pontas de cigarro, fósforos de 2 anos)

chewing gum 5 years (goma de mascar 5 anos)

nylon 30 years (náilon 30 anos)

aluminum cans, plastic bottles 100 years (latas de alumínio, garrafas plásticas 100 anos)

glass containers 1 million years (recipientes de vidro 1 milhão de anos)

08 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

Considering text II, judge the items below.

1 The picture shows a situation which is not found in any Brazilian city.

2 The shacks shown in the picture are made only of objects that take a million years to be absorbed by nature.

3 The people shown in the picture live under poor conditions due to uncontrolled urbanization.

4 The picture suggests that there is still a lot to be improved in the world.

 Gabarito  EECC :

Considering text II, judge the items below.

1 The picture shows a situation which is not found in any Brazilian city.

2 The shacks shown in the picture are made only of objects that take a million years to be absorbed by nature.

3 The people shown in the picture live under poor conditions due to uncontrolled urbanization.

4 The picture suggests that there is still a lot to be improved in the world.

09 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

According to text II, judge the following items.

1 More than 2.5 billion people live in urban areas.

2 In line 2, the word “figure” refers to the preceeding picture.

3 Crowded cities affect the environment especially in terms of resource consumption and littering.

4 The verb “to manage” (l.8) can be correctly substituted for to deal with.

 Gabarito  CECC :

According to text II, judge the following items.

1 More than 2.5 billion people live in urban areas.

2 In line 2, the word “figure” refers to the preceeding picture.

3 Crowded cities affect the environment especially in terms of resource consumption and littering.

4 The verb “to manage” (l.8) can be correctly substituted for to deal with.

10 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

Based on the chart in text II, it is correct to say that

1 of all the objects listed, glass containers are the least harmful to the environment.

2 chewing gum is absorbed six times faster than nylon.

3 aluminum cans take a century to be absorbed by nature.

4 paper containers may take as long as fruit peel to be absorbed.

 Gabarito  ECCC :

Based on the chart in text II, it is correct to say that

1 of all the objects listed, glass containers are the least harmful to the environment.

2 chewing gum is absorbed six times faster than nylon.

3 aluminum cans take a century to be absorbed by nature.

4 paper containers may take as long as fruit peel to be absorbed.

11 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In relation to the material presented in the chart in text II,

1 aluminum, a silver-colored light metalloid element, is used especially for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts.

2 nylon is an extremely strong synthetic fiber used for rope, for brushes etc.

3 paper is a thick material made from the leaves of trees and is used especially for writing, printing or drawing on.

4 plastic is a natural substance that can be shaped when soft into many different forms and has many different uses.

 Gabarito  ECEE :

1 aluminum, a silver-colored light metalloid element, is used especially for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts.

2 nylon is an extremely strong synthetic fiber used for rope, for brushes etc.

3 paper is a thick material made from the leaves of trees and is used especially for writing, printing or drawing on.

4 plastic is a natural substance that can be shaped when soft into many different forms and has many different uses.

❑ TEXTO 3: questions 12 and 13.

To make the world better means to make human beings better. Compassion makes us understand that all men are equal; that gives us an inner drive. If we only think about ourselves, our mind becomes limited. We can become happier, raise happier families, and likewise, communities, countries, a better world.

S. S. Dalai Lama (with adaptations).

12 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

Based on text III, it can be concluded that

1 the better the human beings, the better the world.

2 lack of compassion can make men better creatures.

3 happiness is an outcome of compassionate actions.

4 compassion will never build up a better world.

 Gabarito  CECE :

Based on text III, it can be concluded that

1 the better the human beings, the better the world.

2 lack of compassion can make men better creatures.

3 happiness is an outcome of compassionate actions.

4 compassion will never build up a better world.

13 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In each item below, judge whether the sentence is an appropriate title for text III.

1 Compassion: the basic step

2 World population’s basic needs

3 Searching for a better world

4 Endangered world

 Gabarito  CECE :

In each item below, judge whether the sentence is an appropriate title for text III.

1 Compassion: the basic step

2 World population’s basic needs

3 Searching for a better world

4 Endangered world

❑ TEXTO 4:

Quino. Mafalda. Bogotá, Colombia: La Oveja Negra, 1980 (with adaptations)

14 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

In the comic strip above, the girl who starts the dialogue

1 is concerned with the social exclusion problem.

2 is very surprised at the very high levels of children unemployment.

3 does not discuss the causes of criminality.

4 shows clearly her skills to help poor people.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito   CECE  

TÓPICO - INFORMAÇÃO CONTEXTUAL & EXPRESSÃO IDIOMÁTICA :

➧ TRADUÇÃO DO CARTOON:

- 1º QUADRINHO:

➭ The headline in today's newspaper was very depressing: 43 million children work under very bad conditions throughout the world.

➭ A manchete do jornal de hoje foi muito deprimente: 43 milhões de crianças trabalham em péssimas condições em todo o mundo. 

- 2º QUADRINHO:

➭ Can you believe it? And thid information comes from International Labour Organization. 43 million children work in order to survive.

➭ Você acredita nisso? E essa informação vem da Organização Internacional do Trabalho. 43 milhões de crianças trabalham para sobreviver.

- 3º QUADRINHO:

➭ So what? Are we to be blamed? NO! The only thing we can do is to be sorry and say: HOW AWFUL!

➭ E daí? Devemos ser culpados? NÃO! A única coisa que podemos fazer é nos desculpar e dizer: QUE HORRÍVEL!

- 4º QUADRINHO:

➭ HOW AWFUL!

➭ QUE HORRÍVEL!

- 5º QUADRINHO:

➭ Ok. You should say it too. HOW AWFUL, then we can forget about it and play!

➭ Está bem. Você deveria dizer isso também. QUE HORRÍVEL, então podemos esquecer isso e brincar!

➧ RESPOSTAS:

In the comic strip above, the girl who starts the dialogue

Na história em quadrinhos acima, a garota que inicia o diálogo ...

1 is concerned with the social exclusion problem. – preocupa-se com o problema da exclusão social. (CORRETO)

2 is very surprised at the very high levels of children unemployment. – está muito surpreendido com os níveis muito elevados de desemprego infantil. (ERRADO)

3 does not discuss the causes of criminality. – não discute as causas da criminalidade. (CORRETO)

4 shows clearly her skills to help poor people. – mostra claramente suas habilidades para ajudar os pobres. (ERRADO)

15 – (UnB/CESPE-2° VESTIBULAR-2002)

Don’t waste your precious time asking: “why isn’t the world a better place?” but rather: “what can I do to turn it better?”. There is always an answer to this question.

Leo Buscaglia. O caminho do touro (with adaptations).

It can be deduced from the above quotation that

1 the world could be better if everybody tried to make it better.

2 time is precious only for those who ask why the world is not a better place to live in.

3 the world would turn out to be better if you just keep wondering why it is not.

4 if you are interested in making the world better, you will find a way.

 Gabarito  CEEC :

It can be deduced from the above quotation that

1 the world could be better if everybody tried to make it better.

2 time is precious only for those who ask why the world is not a better place to live in.

3 the world would turn out to be better if you just keep wondering why it is not.

4 if you are interested in making the world better, you will find a way.

UnB–2004–CESPE–VESTIBULAR–2º SEMESTRE–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-VESTIBULAR-2004-2º SEMESTRE-26/06/2004.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 30 TFQs (True False Questions).
• Texto (1) – | europa.eu |
• Texto (2) – | science.nasa.gov |
• Texto (3) – | urbanhabitat.org |

❑ TEXTO 1:

TEXTO 1: items 1 through 7.

(...)

Patients will be implanted with sensors to detect disease, toilets will analyse urine samples and diabetics will never have to worry about their condition again — in the next century. Scientists believe that health care is set to undergo more sweeping changes in the next two decades than have occurred in the last 2,000 years. In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals, so that organs can be freshly harvested and transplanted more quickly. Some of the advances that scientists predict will be made include:

• In-patients will be implanted with sensors when they are admitted to hospital that will automatically do more than 40 laboratory tests.

• Electronic noses will detect and differentiate the odours of growing bacteria and instantly identify the bacteria causing ear, nose and throat infections.

• Surgery will become less common as new types of treatment, particularly vaccines and gene therapy, take over from the scalpel .

• A biochip photo sensor will be implanted in the eye as an artificial retina for patients who are going blind.

*scalpel: a small sharp light knife used by doctors performing operations.

Internet: <http://news.bbc.co.uk> (with adaptations).

(...)

According to the text above, it can be inferred that

1 in the future, there might be an increase in the old-age population.

2 scientists believe that in twenty year’s time medicine advances will have surpassed those of the last two millennia.

3 hospitals will serve as pig farms.

4 pig organs will be commonly transplanted into humans.

5 diagnosing diseases will be made easier through the use of suitable sensors.

6 vaccines and gene therapy will always replace surgery.

7 people will no longer go blind.

👉 Questão-Item  1-Correta :

in the future, there might be an increase in the old-age population.

(no futuro, pode haver um aumento da população idosa.)

👉 Questão-Item  2-Correta :

scientists believe that in twenty year’s time medicine advances will have surpassed those of the last two millennia.

(os cientistas acreditam que em vinte anos os avanços da medicina terão ultrapassado os dos últimos dois milênios.)

👉 Questão-Item  3-Errada :

hospitals will serve as pig farms.

(hospitais servirão como fazendas de porcos.)

➧A ideia do Item(3) não está alinhada com a ideia textual: 

"[...] In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals,"

➧ O texto afirma que no futuro, as fazendas de suínos podem estar localizadas bem ao lado dos hospitais e NÃO que estes servirão como fazendas de porcos.

👉 Questão-Item  4-Correta :

pig organs will be commonly transplanted into humans.

(órgãos de suínos serão comumente transplantados para humanos.)

➧A ideia do Item(4) está alinhada com a ideia textual:

"[...] In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals, so that organs can be freshly harvested and transplanted more quickly."

(No futuro, as fazendas de suínos podem ser localizadas bem ao lado dos hospitais, para que os órgãos possam ser colhidos e transplantados mais rapidamente.)

👉 Questão-Item  5-Correta :

diagnosing diseases will be made easier through the use of suitable sensors.

(o diagnóstico de doenças será facilitado pelo uso de sensores adequados.)

👉 Questão-Item  6-Errada :

vaccines and gene therapy will always replace surgery.

(vacinas e terapia genética sempre substituirão a cirurgia.)

👉 Questão-Item  7-Errada :

people will no longer go blind.

(as pessoas não ficarão mais cegas.)

CARTOON: items 8 through 11.

(...)

The cartoon above criticizes the way men have been using the environment.

Judge the items below from today’s perspective.

8 The sun has been burning the world’s natural forests.

9 Environmental preservation is an outdated major concern.

10 Man is not the only one responsible for environmental decay.

11 Environment mishandling has never been noticed.

(...)

➧Tradução Livre do cartoon:

"It is the invention of fire which has brought about  environmental decay."

(É a invenção do fogo que tem causada a decadência ambiental.)

👉 Questão-Item  8-Errada :

The sun has been burning the world’s natural forests.

(O sol está queimando as florestas naturais do mundo.)

➧A ideia contextual do cartoon é: a invenção do fogo pelo homem tem causada a decadência ambiental e não o Sol a causa da queima das florestas.

👉 Questão-Item  9-Errada :

Environmental preservation is an outdated major concern.

(A preservação do meio ambiente é uma grande preocupação ultrapassada/fora de moda.)

➧ Ao contrário, a preservação ambiental é um tema atual.

👉 Questão-Item  10-Correta :

Man is not the only one responsible for environmental decay.

(O homem não é o único responsável pela degradação ambiental.)

👉 Questão-Item  11-Errada :

Environment mishandling has never been noticed.

TEXTO 1: items 12 through 16.

(...)

1

Yokohama, Japan – While some of the newest humanoid robots may be cute and draw attention, Japan’s robot industry has a serious side that was on display at Robodex 2003 there.

2

A number of companies and universities have been working on robot technology thatis designed to either save lives or make life easier.

3

There is a robot designed to dig the ground and explode mines. It can do it with no electricity, so it can be taken to very remote places, such as the inside of Afghanistan.

4

A humanoid robot, the prototype HRP-2, developed as part of a Japanese public-private partnership, demonstrated its ability to sit in a hoeing machine and operate it. The robot is also designed to work in places considered dangerous for humans.

5

Still in the experimental stage, wearable robots are intended to be implemented as items of clothing with built-in robotic technology to enhance the strength of the wearer. For example, the enhanced clothing could enable a single nurse to lift patients out of bed and place them in wheelchairs using a prototype suit, as demonstrated at Robodex.

hoe: (N.) a long-handled tool with a blade used for loosening the soil.

Internet: <http://www.pcworld.com> (with adaptations).

(...)

Based on the text above, it can be inferred that

12 new robot models are designed to perform different tasks. 13 robots will be unable to walk long distances to do their jobs, since they will make no use of electricity.

14 the prototype HRP-2 can be used as a help in digging tasks.

15 explosion of mines in inner Afghanistan could be done by robots.

wearable robots reduce the wearer’s strength.

👉 Questão-Item  12-Correta :

new robot models are designed to perform different tasks.

👉 Questão-Item  13-Errada :

robots will be unable to walk long distances to do their jobs, since they will make no use of electricity.

👉 Questão-Item  14-Correta :

the prototype HRP-2 can be used as a help in digging tasks.

👉 Questão-Item  15-Correta :

explosion of mines in inner Afghanistan could be done by robots.

👉 Questão-Item  16-Errada :

wearable robots reduce the wearer’s strength.

TEXTO 2: items 17 through 24.

(...)

Homeschooling is a global revolution, not merely an American social movement. Like the Industrial Revolution, homeschooling has helped bring about a permanent change in the history of mankind, not just an ideology that gains and wanes in popularity. It is a practical outworking of the computer age. One catalyst for the explosion of home education internationally has been the Internet. Computers have enabled those in isolated parts of the world to learn new languages, study other governments and learn human physiology so that they can heal themselves without a doctor.

2

Homeschooling enlarges the doorway to education. It has broken down the walls of centralized institutional access to the world’s best information. It started as a new concept of education, one that could be custom-tailored to each child and would protect children from increasing cultural dangers. Alarmed by moral decay in their own public school systems, parents in many countries are desperate for hope, more information, and the opportunity to train their own children.

3

During the last decade-and-a-half, homeschooling has been recognized as “legal” in every state in America. Each state varies, however, as to the manner in which it restricts the right of parents to teach their children at home.

*to wane: to decrease

*custom-tailored: made or adapted to specific needs

Internet: <http://homeschoolyellowpages.com> (with adaptations).

(...)

In relation to the text above, it can be concluded that

17 a “catalyst” (l.6) is a person or thing that speeds up a change.

18 the computer age favored homeschooling.

19 not every state in America has recognized homeschooling as “legal”.

20 schools will disappear.

Judge whether the following sentences are grammatically correct.

21 Homeschooling have given poor children access to education.

22 Homeschooling is a new concept, is there?

23 If homeschooling existed, there would have been more literate people.

24 Many children are being taught by their parents.

👉 Questão-Item  17-Correta :

a “catalyst” (l.6) is a person or thing that speeds up a change.

(um “catalisador” é uma pessoa ou coisa que acelera uma mudança.)

👉 Questão-Item  18-Correta :

the computer age favored homeschooling.

(a era do computador favoreceu o ensino doméstico.)

👉 Questão-Item  19-Errada :

not every state in America has recognized homeschooling as “legal”.

(nem todos os estados da América reconheceram o ensino doméstico como “legal”.)

👉 Questão-Item  20-Errada :

schools will disappear.

(as escolas irão desaparecer.)

Judge whether the following sentences are grammatically correct.

👉 Questão-Item  21-Errada :

Homeschooling have given poor children access to education.

(A educação em casa deu às crianças pobres acesso à educação.)

👉 Questão-Item  22-Errada :

Homeschooling is a new concept, is there?

(Ensino doméstico é um conceito novo, certo?)

👉 Questão-Item  23-Errada :

If homeschooling existed, there would have been more literate people.

(Se o ensino doméstico existisse, haveria mais pessoas alfabetizadas.)

👉 Questão-Item  24-Correta :

Many children are being taught by their parents.

(Muitas crianças estão sendo ensinadas por seus pais.)

TEXTO 3: items 25 through 30.

(...)

The World Water Gap

1

The water equation is simple but deadly: some 20 percent more water is needed than is available today to feed the additional 3 billion people who will be alive by 2025, warns the World Commission on Water for the 21 Century. Such st statement marks the first time that a major effort is being made to link global water scarcity with food security — the ability of a country to feed itself. “Even if we do everything we can to make irrigated agriculture more water efficient, humanity will still need at least 17 percent more fresh water to meet all its food needs than is currently available… the world water gap”, said the Chairman of the Water Commission.

2

The Commission warns: “We are facing a world water gap right now, this minute, and the crisis will only get worse. The consequences of failing to bridge the world water gap will be higher food prices and expensive food imports for water scarce countries that are predominantly poor. Already, 800 million people are going hungry because they cannot afford to buy food”.

3

We already face severe water-related problems, such as:

• 1.4 billion people live without clean drinking water;

• 2.3 billion people lack adequate sanitation;

• 7 million die yearly from diseases linked to water;

• half the world’s rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.

• currently, nearly 450 million people in 29 countries face water shortage problems, a figure that is projected to jump to nearly 2.5 billion people by 2050.

4

The Commission adds that “water scarcity, not shortage of land, will be the main constraint to increase agricultural production in developing countries in the coming years”.

5

As you read this text, be aware that since you are part of the problem you must also be part of the solution.

Internet: <http://worldwatercouncil.org> (with adaptations).

Judge the following items related to the text above.

25 The author doesn’t mean to alarm people.

26 Clean drinking water may be considered a privilege in some countries.

27 Diseases linked to water may lead to death.

28 According to the Water Commission, in developing countries the greatest obstacle to increase agricultural production will be shortage of land.

29 Water shortage is so alarming that at least 17% more fresh water than is currently available will be needed in future times.

30 The world water gap is a real fact at this moment.

👉 Questão-Item  25-Errada :

The author doesn’t mean to alarm people.

👉 Questão-Item  26-Correta :

Clean drinking water may be considered a privilege in some countries.

👉 Questão-Item  27-Correta :

Diseases linked to water may lead to death.

👉 Questão-Item  28-Errada :

According to the Water Commission, in developing countries the greatest obstacle to increase agricultural production will be shortage of land.

👉 Questão-Item  29-Correta :

Water shortage is so alarming that at least 17% more fresh water than is currently available will be needed in future times.

👉 Questão-Item  30-Correta :

The world water gap is a real fact at this moment.

(A lacuna hídrica mundial é um fato real neste momento.)