www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ 
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:• FGV/VESTIBULAR-2005.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | Brazil to Announce Electric Sector Rules | Forbes |
- Texto (2) – | Brazil Wants Culture as Basic Human Right | http://today.reuters.co.uk |
- Texto (3) – | Poor Nations Flex Trade Muscles | The Australian |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ TEXTO 1: As questões de números 76 a 81 referem-se ao TEXTO 1.
Brazil to Announce Electric Sector Rules
1
2
“The decree puts expansion (of generating capacity) at its center and creates a market that is extremely competitive,” said Rousseff, who declined to offer further details until the decree is published. She said the framework should allow work to go forward on some 45 stalled projects for electric generation facilities, which have been held up by environmental concerns or a lack of financing.
3
In 2002, Brazil had to resort to energy rationing because a lack of rainfall left the country’s hydroelectric dams well below capacity. About 95 percent of Brazil’s electricity comes from hydroelectric dams. The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso responded by implementing an emergency plan to expand the country’s electrical generation capacity, mainly through thermoelectric plants that do not depend on rainfall.
4
But on Tuesday, Rousseff said the emphasis on thermoelectricity was misplaced because it would be hard to find enough gas to run those plants for the 10 days or so every year when they would be needed. She said Brazil’s future remained in hydroelectric generation, pointing out that the country uses only 24 percent of its hydroelectric potential. By comparison, France uses about 94 percent of its hydroelectric potential and the United States uses over 77 percent, she said.
(Forbes, July 27, 2004)
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:
Brazil to Announce Electric Sector Rules
Brasil anunciará regras para o setor elétrico
[PARÁGRAFO 1]
O presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva emitirá em breve um decreto proporcionando uma estrutura regulatória muito necessária para o setor elétrico do Brasil, disse o ministro de Minas e Energia do país na terça-feira. Dilma Rousseff disse que Silva assinaria o decreto na próxima semana. O quadro tem sido ansiosamente aguardado pelas empresas de electricidade que têm sido relutantes em investir no Brasil devido à falta de regras claras.
[PARÁGRAFO 2]
“The decree puts expansion (of generating capacity) at its center and creates a market that is extremely competitive,” said Rousseff, who declined to offer further details until the decree is published. She said the framework should allow work to go forward on some 45 stalled projects for electric generation facilities, which have been held up by environmental concerns or a lack of financing.
[PARÁGRAFO 2]
“The decree puts expansion (of generating capacity) at its center and creates a market that is extremely competitive,” said Rousseff, who declined to offer further details until the decree is published. She said the framework should allow work to go forward on some 45 stalled projects for electric generation facilities, which have been held up by environmental concerns or a lack of financing.
“O decreto coloca a expansão (da capacidade de geração) no seu centro e cria um mercado extremamente competitivo”, disse Dilma Rousseff, que se recusou a fornecer mais detalhes até que o decreto seja publicado. Ela disse que o quadro deverá permitir o avanço dos trabalhos em cerca de 45 projetos paralisados de instalações de produção eléctrica, que foram paralisados por preocupações ambientais ou por falta de financiamento.
[PARÁGRAFO 3]
In 2002, Brazil had to resort to energy rationing because a lack of rainfall left the country’s hydroelectric dams well below capacity. About 95 percent of Brazil’s electricity comes from hydroelectric dams. The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso responded by implementing an emergency plan to expand the country’s electrical generation capacity, mainly through thermoelectric plants that do not depend on rainfall.
[PARÁGRAFO 3]
In 2002, Brazil had to resort to energy rationing because a lack of rainfall left the country’s hydroelectric dams well below capacity. About 95 percent of Brazil’s electricity comes from hydroelectric dams. The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso responded by implementing an emergency plan to expand the country’s electrical generation capacity, mainly through thermoelectric plants that do not depend on rainfall.
Em 2002, o Brasil teve que recorrer ao racionamento de energia porque a falta de chuvas deixou as barragens hidrelétricas do país bem abaixo da capacidade. Cerca de 95% da eletricidade do Brasil vem de hidrelétricas. O governo do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso respondeu implementando um plano emergencial para ampliar a capacidade de geração elétrica do país, principalmente por meio de usinas termelétricas que não dependem de chuvas.
[PARÁGRAFO 4]
But on Tuesday, Rousseff said the emphasis on thermoelectricity was misplaced because it would be hard to find enough gas to run those plants for the 10 days or so every year when they would be needed. She said Brazil’s future remained in hydroelectric generation, pointing out that the country uses only 24 percent of its hydroelectric potential. By comparison, France uses about 94 percent of its hydroelectric potential and the United States uses over 77 percent, she said.
[PARÁGRAFO 4]
But on Tuesday, Rousseff said the emphasis on thermoelectricity was misplaced because it would be hard to find enough gas to run those plants for the 10 days or so every year when they would be needed. She said Brazil’s future remained in hydroelectric generation, pointing out that the country uses only 24 percent of its hydroelectric potential. By comparison, France uses about 94 percent of its hydroelectric potential and the United States uses over 77 percent, she said.
Mas na terça-feira, Dilma Rousseff disse que a ênfase na termeletricidade era equivocada porque seria difícil encontrar gás suficiente para operar essas usinas durante os cerca de 10 dias do ano em que seriam necessárias. Ela disse que o futuro do Brasil continua na geração hidrelétrica, ressaltando que o país utiliza apenas 24% do seu potencial hidrelétrico. Em comparação, a França utiliza cerca de 94% do seu potencial hidroelétrico e os Estados Unidos utilizam mais de 77%, disse ela.
76 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The electric sector decree mentioned in the text
a) will provide a framework for state control of mines and energy.
b) favors international electricity investors.
c) still lacks clear rules for the energy sector.
d) will foster investments by electricity companies.
e) was signed and issued by Dilma Rousseff in August 2004.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The electric sector decree mentioned in the text
a) will provide a framework for state control of mines and energy.
b) favors international electricity investors.
c) still lacks clear rules for the energy sector.
d) will foster investments by electricity companies.
e) was signed and issued by Dilma Rousseff in August 2004.
Comentários e Gabarito D
The electric sector decree mentioned in the text
O decreto do setor elétrico citado no texto
a) will provide a framework for state control of mines and energy.
a) will provide a framework for state control of mines and energy.
proporcionará um quadro para o controlo estatal das minas e da energia.
b) favors international electricity investors.
b) favors international electricity investors.
favorece os investidores internacionais em eletricidade.
c) still lacks clear rules for the energy sector.
c) still lacks clear rules for the energy sector.
ainda carece de regras claras para o setor energético.
d) will foster investments by electricity companies.
d) will foster investments by electricity companies.
>>CORRETA: incentivará investimentos das empresas elétricas.
- "[...] The framework has been eagerly awaited by electricity companies who have been reluctant to invest in Brazil because of lack of clear rules."
- O quadro tem sido ansiosamente aguardado pelas empresas de eletricidade que têm sido relutantes em investir no Brasil devido à falta de regras claras.
- "TO FOSTER" – promover, fomentar, favorecer, estimular, incentivar.
foi assinado e expedido por Dilma Rousseff em agosto de 2004.
77 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The decree should create an energy market that will
a) be competitive for retailers but not for consumers.
b) cover 24% of the Brazilian territory.
c) decline in some regions due to decentralized production.
d) generate unfair competition among national and international investors.
e) fulfill the aim of expanding the energy generating capacity.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The decree should create an energy market that will
a) be competitive for retailers but not for consumers.
b) cover 24% of the Brazilian territory.
c) decline in some regions due to decentralized production.
d) generate unfair competition among national and international investors.
e) fulfill the aim of expanding the energy generating capacity.
Comentários e Gabarito E
The decree should create an energy market that will
O decreto deverá criar um mercado energético que
a) be competitive for retailers but not for consumers.
a) be competitive for retailers but not for consumers.
será competitivo para os retalhistas, mas não para os consumidores.
b) cover 24% of the Brazilian territory.
b) cover 24% of the Brazilian territory.
cobrirá 24% do território brasileiro.
c) decline in some regions due to decentralized production.
c) decline in some regions due to decentralized production.
diminuirá em algumas regiões devido à produção descentralizada.
d) generate unfair competition among national and international investors.
d) generate unfair competition among national and international investors.
irá gerar concorrência desleal entre investidores nacionais e internacionais.
e) fulfill the aim of expanding the energy generating capacity.
irá cumprir o objetivo de expandir a capacidade de geração de energia.
>>CORRETA:
- "[...] She said the framework should allow work to go forward on some 45 stalled projects for electric generation facilities, which have been held up by environmental concerns or a lack of financing."
- Ela disse que o quadro deverá permitir o avanço dos trabalhos em cerca de 45 projetos paralisados de instalações de produção elétrica, que foram paralisados por preocupações ambientais ou por falta de financiamento.
78 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
In Brazil,
a) the 2002 energy rationing covered 95% of energy plants.
b) most electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams.
c) almost all hydroelectric potential has been used.
d) there are 45 thermoelectric projects that should be restarted.
e) only 5% of energy is consumed in the north region, where major dams are located.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In Brazil,
a) the 2002 energy rationing covered 95% of energy plants.
b) most electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams.
c) almost all hydroelectric potential has been used.
d) there are 45 thermoelectric projects that should be restarted.
e) only 5% of energy is consumed in the north region, where major dams are located.
Comentários e Gabarito B
In Brazil,
a) the 2002 energy rationing covered 95% of energy plants.
a) the 2002 energy rationing covered 95% of energy plants.
o racionamento de energia de 2002 abrangeu 95% das usinas de energia.
b) most electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams.
b) most electricity is generated by hydroelectric dams.
a maior parte da eletricidade é gerada por hidrelétricas.
>>CORRETA:
- "[...] About 95 percent of Brazil’s electricity comes from hydroelectric dams."
- Cerca de 95% da eletricidade do Brasil vem de hidrelétricas.
- "ENERGY PLANTS" e "HYDROELETRIC DAMS" são expressões sinônimas e significam: usinas de energia, plantas de energia, centrais energéticas, centrais de energia, hidrelétricas, barragens hidroelétricas.
quase todo o potencial hidrelétrico vem sido usado.
d) there are 45 thermoelectric projects that should be restarted.
d) there are 45 thermoelectric projects that should be restarted.
há 45 projetos termelétricos que deverão ser reiniciados.
e) only 5% of energy is consumed in the north region, where major dams are located.
e) only 5% of energy is consumed in the north region, where major dams are located.
No brasil,
apenas 5% da energia é consumida na região Norte, onde estão localizadas as principais barragens.
79 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
Dilma Rousseff
a) clearly prefers hydroelectric dams rather than thermoelectricity.
b) criticized the decree because it does not encompass mines and thermoelectricity.
c) thinks that gas is an energy alternative to be considered.
d) will only implement the 45 projects that are environmentally safe.
e) said that lack of financing is the main obstacle for expanding hydroelectric dams.
Comentários e Gabarito A
Dilma Rousseff
a) clearly prefers hydroelectric dams rather than thermoelectricity.
a) clearly prefers hydroelectric dams rather than thermoelectricity.
prefere claramente barragens hidroelétricas em vez de termoeletricidade.
>>CORRETA:
- "[...] But on Tuesday, Rousseff said the emphasis on thermoelectricity was misplaced because it would be hard to find enough gas to run those plants for the 10 days or so every year when they would be needed.
- Mas na terça-feira, Dilma Rousseff disse que a ênfase na termeletricidade era equivocada porque seria difícil encontrar gás suficiente para operar essas usinas durante os cerca de 10 dias do ano, quando elas seriam necessárias.
criticou o decreto por não contemplar minas e termeletricidade.
c) thinks that gas is an energy alternative to be considered.
c) thinks that gas is an energy alternative to be considered.
considera que o gás é uma alternativa energética a considerar.
d) will only implement the 45 projects that are environmentally safe.
d) will only implement the 45 projects that are environmentally safe.
implementará apenas os 45 projetos ambientalmente seguros.
e) said that lack of financing is the main obstacle for expanding hydroelectric dams.
e) said that lack of financing is the main obstacle for expanding hydroelectric dams.
Dilma Roussef
disse que a falta de financiamento é o principal obstáculo para a expansão das hidrelétricas.
80 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso
a) developed and expanded electricity generated by hydroelectric dams.
b) concentrated 95% of total energy investment on hydroelectricity.
c) had to ration energy due to unfavorable climate that affected the dams.
d) implemented a diversification policy, which leveled electricity demand.
e) started a regulatory framework that now will be implemented by Ms. Rousseff.
Comentários e Gabarito C
The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso
O governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso
a) developed and expanded electricity generated by hydroelectric dams.
a) developed and expanded electricity generated by hydroelectric dams.
desenvolveu e expandiu a eletricidade gerada por hidrelétricas.
b) concentrated 95% of total energy investment on hydroelectricity.
b) concentrated 95% of total energy investment on hydroelectricity.
concentrou 95% do investimento total em energia na hidroeletricidade.
c) had to ration energy due to unfavorable climate that affected the dams.
c) had to ration energy due to unfavorable climate that affected the dams.
>>CORRETA: teve que racionar energia devido ao clima desfavorável que afetou as barragens.
- "[...] In 2002, Brazil had to resort to energy rationing because a lack of rainfall left the country’s hydroelectric dams well below capacity."
- Em 2002, o Brasil teve que recorrer ao racionamento de energia porque a falta de chuvas deixou as barragens hidrelétricas do país bem abaixo da capacidade.
d) implemented a diversification policy, which leveled electricity demand.
implementou uma política de diversificação, que nivelou a procura de eletricidade.
e) started a regulatory framework that now will be implemented by Ms. Rousseff.
e) started a regulatory framework that now will be implemented by Ms. Rousseff.
iniciou um marco regulatório que agora será implementado por Dilma Rousseff.
81 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
Brazilian hydroelectric potential is
a) overused like in France and the US.
b) underused unlike in France.
c) overestimated just like in other countries.
d) underestimated because there is still 24% to be used.
e) being gradually increased until it reaches 94%.
Comentários e Gabarito B
Brazilian hydroelectric potential is
O potencial hidrelétrico brasileiro é (está)
a) overused like in France and the US.
a) overused like in France and the US.
excessivamente utilizado, como na França e nos EUA.
- "overused" – usado em excesso, subreutilizado, usado em excesso, usado demais
b) underused unlike in France.
>>CORRETA: subutilizado, ao contrário do que acontece em França.
- "[...] pointing out that the country uses only 24 percent of its hydroelectric potential. By comparison, France uses about 94 percent of its hydroelectric potential and the United States uses over 77 percent, she said.”
- apontando que o país utiliza apenas 24 por cento do seu potencial hidrelétrico. Em comparação, a França utiliza cerca de 94% do seu potencial hidroelétrico e os Estados Unidos utilizam mais de 77%, disse ela.
- "overused" – subutilizado, subaproveitado.
c) overestimated just like in other countries.
superestimado como em outros países.
d) underestimated because there is still 24% to be used.
subestimado porque ainda faltam 24% para serem aproveitados.
e) being gradually increased until it reaches 94%.
e) being gradually increased until it reaches 94%.
sendo aumentado gradativamente até atingir 94%.
Minister of Culture, Gilberto Gil, challenged
the 35 member countries of the Organization of
American States (OAS) to include culture on the list of
basic policies to promote economic development and
foster social inclusion. At the second OAS Ministers
meeting, which ended on August 24, in Mexico, Gil
emphasized: “Government policies for culture can no
longer be secondary, fragile, peripheral. They represent
the social and infrastructure policies of the 21st century.” According to the Minister, it is necessary to
expand the notion of culture as a vital dimension of citizenship, social inclusion, and quality of life, “the notion
of culture as an obligation of the State.” Gil reminded
the other ministers present that the development process “is not completed, if it is not given cultural underpinnings, if it does not incorporate wider access by the
population to the means of production and dissemination of cultural materials.”
2
Earlier this month, the Culture Minister talked about creativity as a basis of the production process during the First Evaluation Meeting of the XI United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. For Gil, the so-called creative industries should have a distinct policy. In his view, cultural goods and services cannot be treated in the same way as their commercial counterparts, because they contain specific values for sovereignty and the preservation of cultures.
3
At the XI UNCTAD, which took place this year in São Paulo, the Minister launched a proposal calling for a global policy of free circulation of cultural goods and products. Gil’s idea is to mobilize the international community to turn creative industries into instruments of leverage for developing countries. Now, the Minister wishes to establish the International Forum of Creative Industries, with headquarters in Brazil, to discuss the implementation of strategies in this area.
(Brazzil Magazine, August 27, 2004)
82 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
According to the information presented in the article, Gilberto Gil
a) went to an UNCTAD meeting in Mexico, where he presented a project involving culture.
b) said in Geneva that creativity is fundamental for all industries, no matter what their focus is.
c) said that the development process should turn culture into a profitable good.
d) put forward the idea that creative industries should be treated the same way as other industries.
e) believes the idea that culture should include the notion of citizenship, social inclusion and quality of life.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
❑ TEXTO 2: As questões de números 82 a 10 referem-se ao TEXTO.
Brazil Wants Culture as Basic Human Right
1
2
Earlier this month, the Culture Minister talked about creativity as a basis of the production process during the First Evaluation Meeting of the XI United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. For Gil, the so-called creative industries should have a distinct policy. In his view, cultural goods and services cannot be treated in the same way as their commercial counterparts, because they contain specific values for sovereignty and the preservation of cultures.
3
At the XI UNCTAD, which took place this year in São Paulo, the Minister launched a proposal calling for a global policy of free circulation of cultural goods and products. Gil’s idea is to mobilize the international community to turn creative industries into instruments of leverage for developing countries. Now, the Minister wishes to establish the International Forum of Creative Industries, with headquarters in Brazil, to discuss the implementation of strategies in this area.
(Brazzil Magazine, August 27, 2004)
82 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
According to the information presented in the article, Gilberto Gil
a) went to an UNCTAD meeting in Mexico, where he presented a project involving culture.
b) said in Geneva that creativity is fundamental for all industries, no matter what their focus is.
c) said that the development process should turn culture into a profitable good.
d) put forward the idea that creative industries should be treated the same way as other industries.
e) believes the idea that culture should include the notion of citizenship, social inclusion and quality of life.
Comentários e Gabarito E
According to the information presented in the article, Gilberto Gil
a) went to an UNCTAD meeting in Mexico, where he presented a project involving culture.
b) said in Geneva that creativity is fundamental for all industries, no matter what their focus is.
c) said that the development process should turn culture into a profitable good.
d) put forward the idea that creative industries should be treated the same way as other industries.
e) believes the idea that culture should include the notion of citizenship, social inclusion and quality of life.
➦No texto:
"[...] According to the Minister, it is necessary to expand the notion of culture as a vital dimension of citizenship, social inclusion, and quality of life,"
a) went to an UNCTAD meeting in Mexico, where he presented a project involving culture.
b) said in Geneva that creativity is fundamental for all industries, no matter what their focus is.
c) said that the development process should turn culture into a profitable good.
d) put forward the idea that creative industries should be treated the same way as other industries.
e) believes the idea that culture should include the notion of citizenship, social inclusion and quality of life.
➦No texto:
"[...] According to the Minister, it is necessary to expand the notion of culture as a vital dimension of citizenship, social inclusion, and quality of life,"
83 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
According to Gil,
a) government policies for culture are secondary, fragile and peripheral at present and he wants this to change.
b) the other culture ministers of the 35 OAS member countries will also subscribe his culture project.
c) cultural goods include values such as international acceptance of peripheral cultures.
d) there should be a wider market for globalized cultural goods.
e) creative industries should not interfere with federal police.
Comentários e Gabarito A
According to Gil,
a) government policies for culture are secondary, fragile and peripheral at present and he wants this to change.
b) the other culture ministers of the 35 OAS member countries will also subscribe his culture project.
c) cultural goods include values such as international acceptance of peripheral cultures.
d) there should be a wider market for globalized cultural goods.
e) creative industries should not interfere with federal police.
➦No texto:
"[...] Government policies for culture can no longer be secondary, fragile, peripheral.”
a) government policies for culture are secondary, fragile and peripheral at present and he wants this to change.
b) the other culture ministers of the 35 OAS member countries will also subscribe his culture project.
c) cultural goods include values such as international acceptance of peripheral cultures.
d) there should be a wider market for globalized cultural goods.
e) creative industries should not interfere with federal police.
➦No texto:
"[...] Government policies for culture can no longer be secondary, fragile, peripheral.”
84 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
A proposal for a global policy of free circulation of cultural goods and products
a) was agreed at the International Forum of Creative Industries.
b) will be developed at the XI UNCTAD.
c) was launched in São Paulo.
d) was approved in Geneva.
e) was turned down at the OAS.
Comentários e Gabarito C
➦No texto:
"[...] At the XI UNCTAD, which took place this year in São Paulo, the Minister launched a proposal calling for a global policy of free circulation of cultural goods and products.”
85 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The quotation from the first paragraph of the text – …if it is not given cultural underpinnings… – means
a) so that it should be granted cultural support.
b) when the development process is not included in the cultural area.
c) although it is granted cultural support.
d) further, the development process isn’t given basic structure.
e) unless the development process is given cultural underpinnings.
Comentários e Gabarito E
The quotation from the first paragraph of the text – …if it is not given cultural underpinnings… – means
a) so that it should be granted cultural support.
b) when the development process is not included in the cultural area.
c) although it is granted cultural support.
d) further, the development process isn’t given basic structure.
e) unless the development process is given cultural underpinnings.
➦No texto:
"[...] A citação do primeiro parágrafo do texto – “if it is not given cultural underpinnings” – significa “unless the development process is given cultural underpinnings”.
• if not = unless
After five decades of being bullied or ignored in
multilateral trade talks, the world’s poorer nations yesterday enjoyed the first real confirmation that the balance of power has shifted a little in their direction. The
agreement in Geneva to kick-start the so-called Doha
Round was seen by many developing nations as a delayed vindication of the tough stand they took in trade
talks in Cancun, Mexico, last September.
2
Before Cancun, the post-war trading system had spent decades opening markets to the exports of rich nations while leaving in place huge barriers and distortions in the agricultural markets that are disproportionately important to poorer countries. The result is that tariffs imposed on goods produced by the poor – defined by the World Bank as people earning less than $US2 ($2.85) a day – are twice as high as those on the more sophisticated products made by people who are not poor.
3
At the Cancun meeting of the 147-nation World Trade Organization, a new “Group of 20” developing nations, led by Brazil, South Africa, India and China, used for the first time the clout that comes with the WTO’s reliance on consensus, which in effect gives each member a power of veto. When the developing nations insisted on more reform of farm trade, and rejected the so-called Singapore issues being pushed by countries such as Japan – covering “rich country” concerns such as facilitating foreign investment – the traditional trade powers were furious. The Cancun meeting broke up in disarray with European Union trade commissioner Pascal Lamy warning darkly that the “medieval” structure of the WTO meant there might be little future for a rules-based multilateral system.
a) so that it should be granted cultural support.
b) when the development process is not included in the cultural area.
c) although it is granted cultural support.
d) further, the development process isn’t given basic structure.
e) unless the development process is given cultural underpinnings.
➦No texto:
"[...] A citação do primeiro parágrafo do texto – “if it is not given cultural underpinnings” – significa “unless the development process is given cultural underpinnings”.
• if not = unless
As questões de números 86 a 90 referem-se ao TEXTO 3.
TEXTO 3
Poor Nations Flex Trade Muscles
1
2
Before Cancun, the post-war trading system had spent decades opening markets to the exports of rich nations while leaving in place huge barriers and distortions in the agricultural markets that are disproportionately important to poorer countries. The result is that tariffs imposed on goods produced by the poor – defined by the World Bank as people earning less than $US2 ($2.85) a day – are twice as high as those on the more sophisticated products made by people who are not poor.
3
At the Cancun meeting of the 147-nation World Trade Organization, a new “Group of 20” developing nations, led by Brazil, South Africa, India and China, used for the first time the clout that comes with the WTO’s reliance on consensus, which in effect gives each member a power of veto. When the developing nations insisted on more reform of farm trade, and rejected the so-called Singapore issues being pushed by countries such as Japan – covering “rich country” concerns such as facilitating foreign investment – the traditional trade powers were furious. The Cancun meeting broke up in disarray with European Union trade commissioner Pascal Lamy warning darkly that the “medieval” structure of the WTO meant there might be little future for a rules-based multilateral system.
(The Australian, August 2, 2004)
86 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The poorer nations
a) have been ignored in Doha as well as in Cancun.
86 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The poorer nations
a) have been ignored in Doha as well as in Cancun.
b) have endured tough trade barriers after Cancun meeting.
c) should increase the earning of their population to $2.85 a day.
d) may acquire some power after the agreement in Geneva.
e) are paying twice as high tariffs for the World Bank.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
c) should increase the earning of their population to $2.85 a day.
d) may acquire some power after the agreement in Geneva.
e) are paying twice as high tariffs for the World Bank.
Comentários e Gabarito D
The poorer nations
a) have been ignored in Doha as well as in Cancun.
a) have been ignored in Doha as well as in Cancun.
b) have endured tough trade barriers after Cancun meeting.
c) should increase the earning of their population to $2.85 a day.
d) may acquire some power after the agreement in Geneva.
e) are paying twice as high tariffs for the World Bank.
➦No texto:c) should increase the earning of their population to $2.85 a day.
d) may acquire some power after the agreement in Geneva.
e) are paying twice as high tariffs for the World Bank.
"[...] After five decades of being bullied or ignored in multilateral trade talks, the world’s poorer nations yesterday enjoyed the first real confirmation that the balance of power has shifted a little in their direction.”
87 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
According to the information presented in the text,
a) Japan backs the “Group of 20” concerns.
b) the “Group of 20” consists of developing nations, including Brazil.
c) WTO is composed of 147 rich nations and 20 developing nations.
d) Singapore issues were rejected by Japan and by developing countries.
e) the traditional trade powers include Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
Comentários e Gabarito B
According to the information presented in the text,
a) Japan backs the “Group of 20” concerns.
b) the “Group of 20” consists of developing nations, including Brazil.
c) WTO is composed of 147 rich nations and 20 developing nations.
d) Singapore issues were rejected by Japan and by developing countries.
e) the traditional trade powers include Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
➦No texto:
"[...] a new “Group of 20” developing nations, led by Brazil, South Africa,...”
a) Japan backs the “Group of 20” concerns.
b) the “Group of 20” consists of developing nations, including Brazil.
c) WTO is composed of 147 rich nations and 20 developing nations.
d) Singapore issues were rejected by Japan and by developing countries.
e) the traditional trade powers include Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
➦No texto:
"[...] a new “Group of 20” developing nations, led by Brazil, South Africa,...”
88 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The developing nations
a) are against farm trade.
b) insist that tariffs on sophisticated products should be lower.
c) wish to reform the barriers and distortions in farm trade.
d) delayed discussions on trade in Cancun.
e) agree that their production system is medieval, just like the WTO structure.
Comentários e Gabarito C
The developing nations
a) are against farm trade.
b) insist that tariffs on sophisticated products should be lower.
c) wish to reform the barriers and distortions in farm trade.
d) delayed discussions on trade in Cancun.
e) agree that their production system is medieval, just like the WTO structure.
➦No texto:
"[...] When the developing nations insisted on more reform of farm trade, and rejected."
a) are against farm trade.
b) insist that tariffs on sophisticated products should be lower.
c) wish to reform the barriers and distortions in farm trade.
d) delayed discussions on trade in Cancun.
e) agree that their production system is medieval, just like the WTO structure.
➦No texto:
"[...] When the developing nations insisted on more reform of farm trade, and rejected."
89 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The expression such as in – …concerns such as facilitating foreign investment… – (paragraph 3) introduces
a) an example.
b) a cause.
c) an obstacle.
d) a generalization.
e) an alternative.
Comentários e Gabarito A
a) an example.
b) a cause.
c) an obstacle.
d) a generalization.
e) an alternative.
➦A expressão such as (= tais como) introduz um exemplo.
b) a cause.
c) an obstacle.
d) a generalization.
e) an alternative.
➦A expressão such as (= tais como) introduz um exemplo.
90 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2005.1)
The word those in – …are twice as high as those on the more sophisticated products… – (paragraph 2) refers to
a) sophisticated products.
b) goods.
c) people.
d) tariffs.
e) the poor.
Comentários e Gabarito D
a) sophisticated products.
b) goods.
c) people.
d) tariffs.
e) the poor.
➦ THOSE em – ... are twice as high as those on the more sophisticated products ... – refere-se à palavra tariffs, mencionada anteriormente.
b) goods.
c) people.
d) tariffs.
e) the poor.
➦ THOSE em – ... are twice as high as those on the more sophisticated products ... – refere-se à palavra tariffs, mencionada anteriormente.
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