CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS-2011-Concurso Público para Nível Superior(vários cargos) da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2011 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo:Nível Superior(vários cargos)-Prova aplicada em 28/08/2011.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com

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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova
➦02 Textos.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada, tudo em inglês)
➦Compreensão Textual do inglês).
➦Uso do inglês.
👉  Texto 1   "Brazil: Platform for growth"(Brasil: Plataforma de crescimento) 

➦ Tema abordado:  
➦ Fonte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov 

👉  Texto 2   "Off the deep end in Brazil"(Fora do fundo do Brasil) 

➦ Tema abordado:  

➦ Fonte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov 
[c]Dicionários sugestivos
Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os 03(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
[to ]

🔄Phrasal Verbs:

[to ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
["]

🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):

["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]  
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

["]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
[]

🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:

[]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

["]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]

🔄Expressões comuns:
["] 
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
["]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
[91mb/d=quer dizer "91 milhões de barris por dia"]
🔄Questions:
[?"]

🔄Falso cognato:

["]

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Text I

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Brazil: Platform for growth

By Joe Leahy

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On the Cidade de Angra dos Reis oil platform, surrounded by the deep blue South Atlantic, a Petrobras engineer turns on a tap and watches black liquid flow into a beaker.
          
It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil. Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular. Pumped by the national oil company from “pre-salt” deposits – so-called because they lie beneath 2,000m of salt – 300km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, it is some of the first commercial oil to flow from the country’s giant new deepwater discoveries.
          
Already estimated to contain 50bn barrels, and with much of the area still to be fully explored, the fields contain the world’s largest known offshore oil deposits. In one step, Brazil could jump up the world rankings of national oil reserves and production, from 15th to fifth. So great are the discoveries, and the investment required to exploit them, that they have the potential to transform the country – for good or for ill.
          
Having seen out booms and busts before, Brazilians are hoping that this time “the country of the future” will at last realise its full economic potential. The hope is that the discoveries will provide a nation already rich in renewable energy with an embarrassment of resources with which to pursue the goal of becoming a US of the south.
          
The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to “Dutch disease”. The economic malaise is named after the Netherlands in the 1970s, where the manufacturing sector withered after its currency strengthened on the back of a large gas field discovery combined with rising energy prices.
          
Even worse, Brazil could suffer a more severe form of the disease, the “oil curse”, whereby nations rich in natural resources – Nigeria and Venezuela, for example – grow addicted to the money that flows from them.
          
Petrobras chief executive says neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow. But with the new discoveries, which stretch across an 800km belt off the coast of south-eastern Brazil, this is going to change. The oil industry could grow from about 10 per cent of GDP to up to 25 per cent in the coming decades, analysts say. To curb any negative effects, Brazil is trying to support domestic manufacturing by increasing “local content” requirements in the oil industry.
          
Without a “firm local content policy”, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold. However, “if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no – because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras”.
         
The other long-term dividend Brazil is seeking from the discoveries is in research and development (R&D). Extracting oil from beneath a layer of salt at great depth, hundreds of kilometres from the coast, is so challenging that Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier. If they can perfect this, they can lead the way in other markets with similar geology, such as Africa.
         
For its part, Petrobras is spending $800m-$900m a year over the next five years on R&D, and has invested $700m in the expansion of its research centre.
          
Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent. The country is the world’s second biggest exporter of iron ore. It is the largest exporter of beef. It is also the biggest producer of sugar, coffee and orange juice, and the second-largest producer of soya beans.
          
Exports of these commodities are already driving up the exchange rate before the new oil fields have fully come on stream, making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods. Industrial production has faltered in recent months, with manufacturers blaming the trend on a flood of cheap Chinese-made imports.
         
“Brazil has everything that China doesn’t and it’s natural that, as China continues to grow, it’s just going to be starved for those resources,” says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff. “At some level Brazil doesn’t just want to be exporting natural resources – it wants a more diversified economy. There are going to be some rising tensions over that.”

Adapted from Financial Times - March 15 2011 22:54. Available in:
 <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fa11320c-4f48-11e0-9038-00144feab49a,_i_email=y.html>

Retrieved on: June 17, 2011.

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👉 Questão  11 :
The communicative intention of Text I is to
(A) classify all the economic risks Brazil will certainly run if it insists on extracting oil at great depth.
(B) suggest that Brazil could soon be ranked as one of the four main oil producers in the whole world.
(C) argue that Brazil should try to avoid potential dangers associated to its recent deepwater oil discoveries.
(D) report on the rising tensions between China and Brazil over the manufacturing sector of the world economy.
(E) announce the expected growth of the oil industry in Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela in the coming decades.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  12 :
According to paragraphs 5 and 6 (lines 28-38), Dutch disease is a
(A) concept that explains the relationship between a stronger currency, due to the discovery of vast gas deposits, and the decline in the manufacturing sector.
(B) theory that can justify the increase in energy prices and the strengthening of the manufacturing sector.
(C) dangerous form of economic malaise that can only victimize already affluent nations.
(D) severe economic disease that is affecting the economy of countries like the Netherlands.
(E) a type of problem known as the “oil curse” that affects the booming sector of oil extraction.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  13 :
According to paragraphs 9 and 10 (lines 55-65), investing in R&D
(A) may open new markets for the Brazilian technological sector of oil extraction at great depth.
(B) may justify Petrobras’ plans to reduce the development of its research center.
(C) is surely leading Brazilian engineers to work for African countries rich in natural resources.
(D) will pay immediate dividends in the challenging sector of geology and oil exploitation.
(E) can explain why Petrobras is spending $800m - $900m to extract oil at great depth.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  14 :
Based on the meanings in Text I, the two words are antonymous in
(A) “...realise...” (line  23) – understand
(B) “...stretch...” (line  42) – bridge
(C) “...curb...” (line  46) – foster
(D) “...faltered...” (line  77) – halted
(E) “...blaming...” (line  78) – reproaching 
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  15 :
Concerning the referent to the pronoun it, in the fragments below,
(A) in “It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil.” (line  5), it refers to “beaker” (line  4).
(B) in “The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to ‘Dutch disease.’ ” (lines  28-29), it refers to “danger” (line  28).
(C) in “... Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier.” (lines  59-60), it refers to “coast” (line  58).
(D) in “making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods.” (lines 75-76), it refers to “stream” (line  75).
(E) in “ ‘it’s just going to be starved for those resources,’ says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff.” (lines 81-83), it refers to “China” (line  81).
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  16 :
In  “Without a ‘firm local content policy’, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold.” (lines  50-52), “take hold” means to
(A) become more easily controlled.
(B) become stronger and difficult to stop.
(C) be completely defeated and ineffective.
(D) be absolutely harmless and disappointing.
(E) be transformed into very powerful assets. 
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  17 :
The boldfaced item is synonymous with the expression in parentheses in
(A) “Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular.” (lines 6-7) – (Thus)
(B) “…neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow.” (lines 39-41) – (meanwhile) (C) “However, ‘if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no” (lines 52-53) – (Moreover)
(D) “ ‘because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras.’ ” (lines 53-54) – (due to the fact that)
(E) “Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent.” (lines 66-68) – (Furthermore)
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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Text II

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Off the Deep End in Brazil

Gerald Herbert

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With crude still hemorrhaging into the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water drilling might seem taboo just now. In fact, extreme oil will likely be the new normal. Despite the gulf tragedy, the quest for oil and gas in the most difficult places on the planet is just getting underway. Prospecting proceeds apace in the ultradeepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria, the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea, and the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin. Brazil’s Petrobras, which already controls a quarter of global deepwater operations, is just starting to plumb its 9 to 15 billion barrels of proven reserves buried some four miles below the Atlantic.
          
The reason is simple: after a century and a half of breakneck oil prospecting, the easy stuff is history. Blistering growth in emerging nations has turned the power grid upside down. India and China will consume 28 percent of global energy by 2030, triple the juice they required in 1990. China is set to overtake the U.S. in energy consumption by 2014. And now that the Great Recession is easing, the earth’s hoard of conventional oil is waning even faster. The International Energy Agency reckons the world will need to find 65 million additional barrels a day by 2030. If the U.S. offshore-drilling moratorium drags on, look for idled rigs heading to other shores.
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Available in: <http://www.newsweek.com/2010/06/13/off-the-deep-end-in-brazil.html>

Retrieved on: June 19, 2011. 

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👉 Questão  18 :
Comparing Texts I and II,
(A)  only Text I mentions an environmental disaster derived from deepwater oil prospection.
(B)  only Text II reports on China’s intensive economic growth and absolute need of commodities.
(C)  neither Text I nor Text II express concern for the implications of  the explorations of offshore oil deposits to local economies.
(D)  both Text I and Text II  present Brazil’s potential of holding an outstanding position concerning worldwide deepwater reserves and exploration.
(E)  Text I mentions Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela to criticize their addiction to oil revenues, while Text II mentions these countries to illustrate successful examples of conventional oil prospection.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  19 :
According to Text II, in spite of the oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico,
(A)  the US will soon surpass China in energy consumption.
(B)  the conventional drilling of oil and gas is seen as a taboo now.
(C)  in twenty years, the whole world will need 65 million barrels a day.
(D)  energy consumption of India and China will double in ten years’ time.
(E)  deepwater oil and gas prospecting has not been halted in other regions of the globe.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  20 :
In Text II, Herbert illustrates the possibility of “...idled rigs heading to other shores.” (line 26) EXCEPT when he mentions
(A) prospection in ultra-deepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria.
(B) deepwater operations in the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea.
(C) the quest for oil in the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin.
(D) the suspension of the US offshore-drilling moratorium.
(E) Brazil's drillings four miles below the Atlantic.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO: