MACKENZIE – 2018 – VESTIBULAR – 1º SEMESTRE – GRUPOS ((I - IV - V - VI) – UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE/SP – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: MACKENZIE-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-Grupos (I - IV - V - VI)-APLICAÇÃO 30/11/2017.

➧ GABARITO:

01-A, 02-B, 03-E, 04-C, 05-D, 06-E, 07-A

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

1-VERBS:

• [to give (give, gave, given) = dar]

2-PHRASAL VERBS - USES:

• [to give away (1) = revelar, divulgar]

• [to give away (2) = dar algo para alguém, doar algo]

3-NOUN:

• [inflammation = inflamação]

• [in-laws = sogros]

• [lawyer = advogado]

• [outcome = resultado]

• [relationships = relacionamentos]

4-ADJECTIVES:

• [corrosive (kôRôssêv) = corrosivo, cáustico]

• [disturbed (dêsTôrbd) = perturbado, confuso]

• [hostile (RRóstôl) = hostil, agressivo]

• [inflammatory = inflamatório]

• [known (Nõn) = conhecido]

• [marital (Méuridôu) = conjugal]

• [nasty (Néstch) = indecente]

• [synergistic = sinérgico]

5-NOUN PHRASES(Adjective+noun):

• [active listening = escuta ativa]

• [heterosexual couples = casais heterossexuais]

• [inflammatory proteins = proteínas inflamatórias]

• [synergistic effects = efeitos sinérgicos]

• [wild fighters = lutadores selvagens]

6-IDIOMS (Expressões Idiomáticas):

• [feel like a heel (Fíl-LáikâRRíôl) = sentir-se mal por ter feito algo de ruim]

7-TECHNICAL ENGLISH(Business English, Finance English and so on):

• [diabetes = diabetes]

• [heart disease = doenças cardíacas]

8-GENITIVE CASE:

• [the world's marital discord = a discórdia conjugal do mundo]

➧ TEXT I: The following text refers to questions 01 to 03.

Can too little sleep ruin your relationship?

Lack of shut-eye has long been linked to a range of serious health problems.
Now a study confirms that it can also be at the root of strife between couples.

Luisa Dillner - The Guardian

Monday 11 September 2017

Is your partner irritating? Have you stopped having a laugh, and no longer care if they seem unhappy? Before you reach for a counsellor or lawyer, check how much sleep you are getting. While research has consistently linked lack of sleep with increased risks of cancer, diabetes, heart disease, obesity and premature death, it is now finding that it is also corrosive to relationships. Since more than a third of us get only six hours a night (less than the recommended seven to nine), we shouldn't be surprised if our love lives are suffering.

The solution

A study of 43 couples by Ohio State University found that those who slept less than seven hours a night were more likely to argue in a hostile, negative way. However, even if just one partner had had enough sleep, the rows were more likely to be constructive and end with conciliation. The researchers invited the couples into a lab and videoed them arguing about known problems in their relationships (money, in-laws, communication).
They also measured the levels of markers such as the proteins IL-6 and TNF-alpha. A rise in these can trigger inflammation in the body and encourage the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The study found that while lack of sleep alone did not raise the level of inflammatory markers, it did make for more toxic rows – and it was the stress of a nasty exchange that led to an increase in markers. Previous studies show that men are more likely to fight with their partners after one night of disturbed
sleep, and that couples have more rows after two weeks of less than seven hours sleep.
        
The Ohio research took things further. "This is the first study to show the synergistic effects of short sleep and conflict for inflammation," said lead author, Dr Stephanie J Wilson. Of course, instinctively we know that sleep deprivation makes us short-tempered and unable to concentrate, make decisions or empathise. A sense of humor, badly needed in any relationship, is the first casualty of sleep deprivation.
         
So while more sleep may not solve the world's marital discord, it could lubricate many of our relationships. The study looked solely at heterosexual couples, but the findings are likely to apply more widely. Sleep affects the parts of the brain that solve problems. Without that ability, it is hard to have a "good" row, which requires active listening, good humour and self-disclosure. The study showed that good rows did not raise levels of inflammatory proteins, however little sleep people had. It is also no coincidence that the dive in relationship satisfaction in the first year after having a baby comes during a long stretch of sleep deprivation. It is hard enough to do anything on not much sleep.

www.theguardian.com

01 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The alternative containing only adjectives from the text is

a) Inflammatory – synergistic – corrosive – nasty – marital.
b) Enough – active – stress – negative – trigger.
c) Known – onset – hard – linked – solely.
d) Good - self-disclosure – casualty – further – disturbed.
e) Lead – likely – chronic – heterosexual – without.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• A alternativa contendo apenas adjetivos do texto é a ...

a) Inflammatory – synergistic – corrosive – nasty – marital.

• ADJETIVOS: Inflammatory (Inflamatório) – synergistic (sinérgico) – corrosive (corrosivo) – nasty (indecente) – marital (conjugal).

b) Enough – active – stress – negative – trigger.

• "enough(suficiente)(depois de adjetivo) ➜ ADVERB.
• "[...] It is hard enough to do anything on not much sleep."
• Já é difícil fazer alguma coisa sem dormir muito.
c) Known – onset – hard – linked – solely.

• "onset"(início) é substantivo.

d) Good - self-disclosure – casualty – further – disturbed.

• "self-disclosure"(auto-revelação) e "casualty"(baixa, perda)  são substantivos.

e) Lead – likely – chronic – heterosexual – without.

• "without" pode ser preposição, conjunção ou advérbio.

02 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The study held by the Ohio State University states that

a) When your partner is irritating you, a sense of humor is needed to be able to stand it.
b) Lack of sleep turns the couple into wild fighters; the outcome, however, might be different if at least one of them has had enough sleep.
c) The less sleep you have, the better are the chances you will make up with your partner.
d) Couples can't do enough chores around the house when under not much sleep.
e) Being videoed discussing problems is meant to end with rows couple have in no time.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O estudo realizado pela Ohio State University afirma que
*Alternativa (A): Quando seu parceiro está irritando você, um senso de humor é necessário para ser capaz de suportar isso.
*Alternativa (B): Falta de sono transforma o casal em guerreiros selvagens; o resultado, no entanto, pode ser diferente se pelo menos um deles tiver dormido o suficiente.
*Alternativa (C): Quanto menos sono você tiver, melhores serão as chances de fazer as pazes com seu parceiro.
*Alternativa (D): Os casais não podem fazer tarefas suficientes em casa quando não dormem muito.
*Alternativa (E): Estar em vídeo discutindo problemas é feito para acabar com as filas de casal em nenhum momento.
➦VEJA confirmação no parágrafo:
"[...] A study of 43 couples by Ohio State University found that those who slept less than seven hours a night were more likely to argue in a hostile, negative way. However, even if just one partner had had enough sleep, the rows were more likely to be constructive and end with conciliation."
(Um estudo de 43 casais da Ohio State University descobriu que aqueles que dormiam menos de sete horas por noite eram mais propensos a argumentar de maneira hostil e negativa. No entanto, mesmo se apenas um parceiro tivesse dormido o suficiente, as linhas seriam mais propensas a ser construtivas e acabariam com a conciliação.)

03 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The word trigger in the text means

a) to cause or help to rise to a standing position.
b) to make smaller in amount, volume, or extent.
c) to cause to rise or increase abruptly and rapidly.
d) to cause something to leave an area or place.
e) to cause (something) to start or happen.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
A palavra TRIGGER(provocar/desencadear) no texto significa:
*Alternativa (A): causar ou ajudar a subir para uma posição de pé.
*Alternativa (B): diminuir em quantidade, volume ou extensão.
*Alternativa (C): fazer subir ou aumentar abrupta e rapidamente.
*Alternativa (D): fazer com que algo saia de uma área ou lugar.
*Alternativa (E): fazer com que (algo) comece ou aconteça.
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: TRIGGER ➝ (provocar/desencadear).
"[...] They also measured the levels of markers such as the proteins IL-6 and TNF-alpha. A rise in these can trigger inflammation in the body and encourage the onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes."
(Eles também mediram os níveis de marcadores, como as proteínas IL-6 e TNF-alfa. Um aumento nestes pode DESENCADEAR a inflamação no corpo e incentivar o aparecimento de doenças crônicas, como diabetes.)

➧ TEXT II: The following text refers to questions 04 and 05.

"The Little Things That Give You Away"

(written and performed by U2)

The night gave you song
A light had been turned on
You walked out in the world
Like you belong there

As easy as a breeze
Each heart was yours to please
Is it only me who sees
There’s something wrong there
Oh no la la, I’m not a ghost now
I can see you
You need to see me

It’s the little things that give you away
The words you ________(I)_________
Your big mouth ________(II)_________
It’s the little things that tease ________(III)_________
As the hunted I become ________(IV)_________
It’s the little things
The little things that give you away

I saw you on the stairs
You didn’t notice I was there
That’s ‘cause you were talking at me
Not to me

You were high above the storm
A hurricane being born
But this freedom
It might cost you your liberty

04 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The phrasal verb GIVE AWAY is correctly used with the same meaning as in the song in

a) There are many radio and tv programs in Brazil on which prizes are given away.
b) The store is staging a promotional giveaway to attract new customers.
c) The insincerity of his apology was given away by that slight smirk on his face.
d) I didn’t like that book, so I gave it away.
e) Who gave away this woman to this man in Holy matrimony?

05 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The most probable words used to complete the lines in the song are

a) (I) pray; (II) this way; (III) and stay; (IV) the day.
b) (I) have to stay; (II) away; (III) and delay; (IV) the rain.
c) (I) wanna change; (II) can say; (III) and play; (IV) the way.
d) (I) cannot say; (II) in the way; (III) and betray; (IV) the prey.
e) (I) can say; (II) will pray; (III) and spray; (IV) the dismay.

➧ TEXT III (Comic Strip): The following comic strip refers to questions 07 and 07.

06 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The idiomatic expression "feel like a heel", used in the comic strip, means

a) look or feel extremely good.
b) have a desire to do or to have something.
c) feel as healthy or happy as you usually are.
d) have an inclination or desire for something.
e) feel bad for something you have done to someone and you are sorry.

07 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the strip

a) Garfield is not fond of spiders.
b) Garfield’s father is dead.
c) The father spider has just become a widow.
d) The spider family has survived Garfield.
e) Garfield fears spiders more than spiders fear him.