MACKENZIE–SP–2024.1–GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI)–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE-2024-1º SEMESTRE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-28/11/23.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 5 MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Dinogorgon Skull | https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO: Read the text below and answer questions 11 to 14:

Dinogorgon Skull

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

PHOTOGRAPH BY .JONATHAN BLAIR

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

When a species disappears, biologists say that the species has become extinct. By making room for new species, extination helps drive the evolution of life. Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium. However, during the history of ilfe on Earth, there have been periods of mass extmnction, when large percentages of the planet’s species became extinct in a reiativeiy shart amount of time. These extinctions have had wideiy different causes.

About 541 million years ago, a great expansion occurred in the diversity of multicellular organisms. Paleobiologists, scientists who study the fosslls of plants and animais to Icem how hfe evolved, call this event the Cambrian Explosion. Since the Cambrian Explosion, there have been five mass extinctions, each of which is named for the geoiogicai period in which it occurred, or for the periods that immediately preceded and followed it.

The first mass extinction is called the Ordovician-Silurian Extinotion. It occurred about 440 million years ago, at the end of the period that paleontoiogists and geoiogists call the Ordovician, and followed by the start of the Silurian period. In this extinction event, many small organisms of the sea became extinct. The next mass extinction is called Devonian extinction, occurring 365 million years ago during the Devonian period. This extinction also saw the end of numerous sea organisms.

The largest extinction took place around 250 mililon years ago. Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species. Although life an Earth was nearly wiped out, the Great Dying made room for new organisms, including the first dinosaurs. About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction. By eiiminating many large animais, this extinction event cieared the way for dinosaurs to fiourish. Finaliy, about 65.5 miiiion years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period came the fifth mass extinction. This is the famous extinction event that brought the age of the dinosaurs to an end.

In each of these cases, the mass extinction created niches or openings in the Earth’s ecosystems. Those niches ailowed for new groups oforganisms to thrive and diversify, which produced a range of new species. Iri the case of the Cretaceous extinction, the demise of the dinosaurs allowed mammals to thrive and grow larger.

Scientists refer to the current time as the Anthropocene period, meaning the period ofhumanity. They warn that, because of human activities such as poilution, overfishing, and the cutting down of forests, the Earth might be on the verge of — or aiready in — a sixth mass extinction. if that is true, what new ilfe wouid rise up to fill the niche that we currently occupy?

• (Taken from https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction/ Access: Septerhber/2023)

❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:

Dinogorgon SkuII

Crânio de Dinogorgon

PHOTOGRAPH BY .JONATHAN BLAIR

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

Um crânio de dinogorgon sobressai de uma rocha com o cerrado sul-africano ao fundo.

>>[1º PARÁGRAFO]:

When a species disappears, biologists say that the species has become extinct.

Quando uma espécie desaparece, os biologistas dizem que a espécie foi extinta.

By making room for new species, extinction helps drive the evolution of life.

Ao criar espaço para novas espécies, a extinção ajuda a impulsionar a evolução da vida.

• "BY MAKING ROOM"(criar espaço) - create space for someone or something.

Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium.

Durante longos períodos de tempo, o número de espécies extintas pode permanecer bastante constante, o que significa que um número médio de espécies extingue-se a cada ano, século ou milênio.

• "Over long periods of time" - Durante longos períodos de tempo.
• "fairly constant"  - relativamente constante, razoavelmente constante.

However, during the history of life on Earth, there have been periods of mass extinction, when large percentages of the planet’s species became extinct in a relatively shart amount of time.

No entanto, durante a história da vida na Terra, houve períodos de extinção em massa, quando grandes percentagens das espécies do planeta foram extintas num espaço de tempo relativamente curto. 

• "mass extinction"  - relativamente constante, razoavelmente constante.
• "large percentages" - grandes percentagens.
• "the planet’s species" - as espécies do planeta.
• "in a relatively shart amount of time" - num espaço de tempo relativamente curto.

These extinctions have had widely different causes.

Estas extinções tiveram causas amplamente  diferentes.

• "widely different causes" - causas amplamente diferentes.

>>[2º PARÁGRAFO]:

About 541 million years ago, a great expansion occurred in the diversity of multicellular organisms.

Há cerca de 541 milhões de anos, ocorreu uma grande expansão na diversidade de organismos multicelulares.

• "a great expansion occurred" - ocorreu uma grande expansão.

Paleobiologists, scientists who study the fossils of plants and animais to learn how life evolved, call this event the Cambrian Explosion.

Os Paleobiólogos, cientistas que estudam os fósseis de plantas e animais para aprender como a vida evoluiu, chamam este evento de Explosão Cambriana.

• "how life evolved" - como a vida evoluiu.
• "call this event" - chamam este evento de.
• "the Cambrian Explosion" - Explosão Cambriana.

Since the Cambrian Explosion, there have been five mass extinctions, each of which is named for the geological period in which it occurred, or for the periods that immediately preceded and followed it.

Desde a Explosão Cambriana, ocorreram cinco extinções em massa, cada uma delas nomeada de acordo com o período geológico em que ocorreu, ou com os períodos que a precederam e se seguiram imediatamente.

• "Since the Cambrian Explosion" - Desde a Explosão Cambriana.
• "each of which is named for" - cada uma delas nomeada de acordo com.
• "the geological period" - o período geológico.

>>[3º PARÁGRAFO]:

The first mass extinction is called the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction.

A primeira extinção em massa é chamada de Extinção Ordoviciano-Siluriana.

• "the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction" - Extinção Ordoviciano-Siluriana.

It occurred about 440 milhon years ago, at the end of the period that paleontoiogists and geologists call the Ordovician, and followed by the start of the Silurian period.

Ocorreu há cerca de 440 milhões de anos, no final do período que os paleontólogos e geólogos chamam de Ordoviciano, e seguido pelo início do período Siluriano.

In this extinction event, many small organisms of the sea became extinct.

Neste evento de extinção, muitos pequenos organismos do mar foram extintos.

• "of the sea" - do mar.

The next mass extinction is called Devonian extinction, occurring 365 mil!ion years ago during the Devonian period.

A próxima extinção em massa é chamada de extinção Devoniana, ocorrendo há 365 milhões de anos, durante o período Devoniano.

This extinction also saw the end of numerous sea organisms.

Esta extinção também viu o fim de numerosos organismos marinhos.

• "sea organisms" - organismos marinhos.

>>[4º PARÁGRAFO]:

The largest extinction took place around 250 million years ago.

A maior extinção ocorreu há cerca de 250 milhões de anos.

• "The largest extinction" - A maior extinção.
• "took place" - ocorreu, aconteceu.

Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species.

Conhecido como a extinção do Permiano-Triássico, ou a Grande Morte, este evento viu o fim de mais de 90% das espécies da Terra.

• "Known as" - Conhecido como.
• "Great Dying" - Grande Morte.
• "Earth’s species" - espécies da Terra.

Although life an Earth was nearly wiped out, the Great Dying made room for new organisms, including the first dinosaurs.

Embora a vida na Terra tenha sido quase exterminada, a Grande Morte criou espaço para novos organismos, incluindo os primeiros dinossauros.

• "Although life an Earth" - Embora a vida na Terra.
• "nearly wiped out" - quase exterminada.
• "made room for new organisms" - criou espaço para novos organismos.
• "the first dinosaurs" - os primeiros dinossauros.

About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction.

Cerca de 210 milhões de anos atrás, entre os períodos Triássico e Jurássico, ocorreu outra extinção em massa.

By eliminating many large animais, this extinction event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.

Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

• "many large animais" - muitos animais de grande porte.
• "CLEARED THE WAY FOR"(tornou possível) - made it possible for something to happen.

Finally, about 65.5 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period came the fifth mass extinction.

Finalmente, há cerca de 65,5 milhões de anos, no final do período Cretáceo ocorreu a quinta extinção em massa.

• "the fifth mass extinction" - a quinta extinção em massa.

This is the famous extinction event that brought the age of the dinosaurs to an end.

Este é o famoso evento de extinção que pôs fim à era dos dinossauros.

• "the famous extinction event" - o famoso evento de extinção.

>>[5º PARÁGRAFO]:

In each of these cases, the mass extinction created niches or openings in the Earth’s ecosystems. Those niches alowed for new groups of organisms to thrive and diversify, which produced a range of new species. Iri the case of the Cretaceous extinction, the demise of the dinosaurs allowed mammals to thrive and grow larger.

Em cada um desses casos, a extinção em massa criou nichos ou aberturas nos ecossistemas da Terra. Esses nichos permitiram que novos grupos de organismos prosperassem e se diversificassem, o que produziu uma gama de novas espécies. No caso da extinção do Cretáceo, o desaparecimento dos dinossauros permitiu que os mamíferos prosperassem e crescessem mais.

• "the Earth’s ecosystems" - os ecossistemas da Terra.
• "to thrive and diversify" - prosperar e se diversificar.
• "a range of new species" - uma gama de novas espécies.
• "the demise of the dinosaurss"- o desaparecimento dos dinossauros.
• "to thrive and grow larger" - prosperar e crescer mais.

>>[6º PARÁGRAFO]:

Scientists refer to the current time as the Anthropocene period, meaning the period of humanity. They warn that, because of human activities such as pollution, overfishing, and the cutting down of forests, the Earth might be on the verge of —or already in—a sixth mass extinction. if that is true, what new ilfe wouid rise up to fill the niche that we currently occupy?

Os cientistas se referem ao tempo atual como o período do Antropoceno, ou seja, o período da humanidade. Eles alertam que, por causa de atividades humanas como poluição, pesca predatória e redução de florestas, a Terra pode estar à beira de — ou já estar em — uma sexta extinção em massa. Se isso for verdade, que nova vida surgiria, para preencher o nicho que ocupamos atualmente?

• "overfishing" - pesca predatória.
• "cutting down of forests"(redução de florestas) - reduce the amount or number of forests".
• "on the verge of" - à beira de, prestes a,  no limiar de.
• "if that is true" - Se isso for verdade.

(Taken from https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction/ Access: Septerhber/2023)

11 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

(A) Except for some periods, species became extinct in a fairly regular basis over time.

(B) Mass extinction was a problem just in the beginning of life on Earth.

(C) Mass extinction was usually caused by climate changes.

(D) Nowadays, a great expansion took place in the diversity ofWiiilticellular organisms.

(E) We can count around 541 mass extinetion species in the Cambrian Explosion.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa correta:

(A) Except for some periods, species became extinct in a fairly regular basis over time.

► CORRETA: Exceto por alguns períodos, as espécies foram extintas de forma relativamente regular ao longo do tempo.

• "[...]Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium."
  Durante longos períodos de tempo, o número de espécies extintas pode permanecer relativamente constante, o que significa que um número médio de espécies extingue-se a cada ano, século ou milênio.

►"FAIRLY"  - "relatively" (relativamente), "quite, but not extremely"(‘bastante, mas não extremamente).

(B) Mass extinction was a problem just in the beginning of life on Earth.

A extinção em massa foi um problema logo no início da vida na Terra.

(C) Mass extinction was usually caused by climate changes.

A extinção em massa foi geralmente causada por mudanças climáticas.

(D) Nowadays, a great expansion took place in the diversity of multicellular organisms.

Atualmente, uma grande expansão ocorreu na diversidade de organismos multicelulares.

(E) We can count around 541 mass extinetion species in the Cambrian Explosion.

Podemos contar cerca de 541 espécies extintas em massa na Explosão Cambriana.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Based on the text, choose the INCORRECT alternative:

(A) It was between two periods, the Ordovician and the Silurian periods, that the first mass extinction took place.

(B) During the Ordovician and Silurian extinction, many large mammals died.

(C) It was in the Devonian period that we could see the end of many sea species.

(D) The Great Dying is another name for the Permian-Triassie extinetion.

(E) More than 90% ofEarth’s species died during the Great Dying.

 

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Based on the text, choose the INCORRECT alternative:

Com base no texto, escolha a alternativa INCORRETA:

(A) It was between two periods, the Ordovician and the Silurian periods, that the first mass extinction took place.

Foi entre dois períodos, o Ordoviciano e o Siluriano, que ocorreu a primeira extinção em massa.

(B) During the Ordovician and Silurian extinction, many large mammals died.

Durante a extinção do Ordoviciano e do Siluriano, muitos mamíferos grandes morreram.

• About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction.
  Cerca de 210 milhões de anos atrás, entre os períodos Triássico e Jurássico, ocorreu outra extinção em massa.
  By eliminating many large animais, this extinction event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.
  Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

(C) It was in the Devonian period that we could see the end of many sea species.

Foi no período Devoniano que pudemos ver o fim de muitas espécies marinhas.

(D) The Great Dying is another name for the Permian-Triassie extinetion.

A Grande Morte é outro nome para a extinção do Permiano-Triássico

• Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species.
  Conhecido como a extinção do Permiano-Triássico, ou a Grande Morte, este evento viu o fim de mais de 90% das espécies da Terra.

(E) More than 90% ofEarth’s species died during the Great Dying.

Mais de 90% das espécies da Terra morreram durante a Grande Morte.

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the alternative that is equivalent in meaning to the sentence

• “By eliminating many large animais, this extinclion event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.”

(A) Dinousaurs killed many large animais to survive.

(B) The large extinction of dinosaurs caused the birth of many flowers.

(C) With the death of large dinosaurs, many of Earth’s surface was cleared.

(D) Dinosaurs could only appear because large animais were extinct.

(E) The extinction of dinosaurs was caused by large animal.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Choose the alternative that is equivalent in meaning to the sentence

Escolha a alternativa que é equivalente em significado à frase

• “By eliminating many large animais, this extinclion event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.”
• Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

(A) Dinousaurs killed many large animais to survive.

Os dinossauros mataram muitos animais grandes para sobreviver.

(B) The large extinction of dinosaurs caused the birth of many flowers.

Os dinossauros mataram muitos animais grandes para sobreviver.

(C) With the death of large dinosaurs, many of Earth’s surface was cleared.

Com a morte de grandes dinossauros, grande parte da superfície da Terra foi limpa.

(D) Dinosaurs could only appear because large animais were extinct.

Os dinossauros só puderam aparecer porque os animais grandes foram extintos.

(E) The extinction of dinosaurs was caused by large animal.

A extinção dos dinossauros foi causada por animais grandes.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the alternative that is grammatically correct:

(A) The Earth wiill see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continues to grow.

(B) The Earth could see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down offorests wiII continue to grow.

(C) The Earth would see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

(D) The Earth wilI see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as ‘ poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continued to grow.

(E) The Earth will see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICOS - FIRST CONDITIONAL & SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT:

Escolha a alternativa que está gramaticalmente correta:

(A) The Earth wiill see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continues to grow. (ERRO DE CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL NA IF-CLAUSE)

(B) The Earth could see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down offorests will continue to grow. (ERRO DE ESTRUTURA)

(C) The Earth would see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow. (ERRO DE ESTRUTURA)

(D) The Earth wilI see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as ‘ poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continued to grow. (ERRO DO TEMPO VERBAL NA IF-CLAUSE)

(E) The Earth will see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

A Terra verá uma sexta extinção em massa se as atividades humanas, como a poluição, a pesca excessiva e o desmatamento, continuarem a crescer.

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Read the following comic strip and choose the correct alternative:

• Taken from: https: www.boredpanda.com/comics-funny-wholesome-relatable-dinosaurs dinosandcomics/.Access: September/2023

(A) The second dinosaur enjoys talking about trivial things.

(B) The second question is not appropriate to ask anyone.

(C) The second dinosaur doesn’t properly answer the second question.

(D) In the third box, the expression “deep down” refers to the waterfall behind then.

(E) In the second box, the expression “small talk” means “short animais”.

 

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

(A) The second dinosaur enjoys talking about trivial things.

>> INCORRETA: O segundo dinossauro gosta de falar sobre coisas triviais.

• Eh, I hate small talk.
• Eh, eu odeio conversa rápida (conversa fiada, quebra gelo, puxar assunto).

(B) The second question is not appropriate to ask anyone.

>> INCORRETA: A segunda pergunta não é apropriada para ser feita a ninguém.

(C) The second dinosaur doesn’t properly answer the second question.

>> CORRETA: O segundo dinossauro não responde corretamente à segunda pergunta.

(D) In the third box, the expression “deep down” refers to the waterfall behind then.

>> INCORRETA: No terceiro quadro, a expressão “no fundo” refere-se à cachoeira atrás dela.

(E) In the second box, the expression “small talk” means “short animais”. 

>> INCORRETA: No segundo quadro, a expressão “conversa fiada” significa “animais curtos”.

>> TRADUÇÃO DO CARTOON:

>>1º QUADRINHO:

- What's your favourite colour?

- Qual sua cor favorita?

>>2º QUADRINHO:

- Eh, I hate small talk.

- Eh, eu odeio conversa rápida (conversa fiada, quebra gelo, puxar assunto).

>>3º QUADRINHO:

- Okay, deep down do you think you're a good person?

- Ok, lá no fundo, você se acha uma boa pessoa?

• "DEEP DOWN" (lá no fundo) refere-se a algum sentimento ou atitude que não fica à mostra para todos verem.

>>4º QUADRINHO:

- Blue.

- Azul.

 teste

MACKENZIE–SP–VESTIBULAR–2020–1º SEMESTRE–GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI)–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTO TRADUZIDO & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE-2020-1º SEMESTRE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-03/12/19.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 7 MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO:

01-D, 02-B, 03-E, 04-C, 05-A, 06-A, 07-A

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and asnwer questions 01 to 03:

HOME

They rose up like men. We saw them. Like men they stood.

We shouldn’t have been anywhere near that place. Like most farmland outside Lotus, Georgia, this here one had plenty scary warning signs. The threats hung from wire mesh fences with wooden stakes every fifty or so feet. But when we saw a crawl space that some animal had dug—a coyote maybe, or a coon dog—we couldn’t resist. Just kids we were. The grass was shoulder high for her and waist high for me so, looking out for snakes, we crawled through it on our bellies. The reward was worth the harm grass juice and clouds of gnats did to our eyes, because there right in front of us, about fifty yards off, they stood like men. Their raised hooves crashing and striking, their manes tossing back from wild white eyes. They bit each other like dogs but when they stood, reared up on their hind legs, their forelegs around the withers of the other, we held our breath in wonder. One was rust-colored, the other deep black, both sunny with sweat. The neighs were not as frightening as the silence following a kick of hind legs into the lifted lips of the opponent. Nearby, colts and mares, indifferent, nibbled grass or looked away. Then it stopped. The rust-colored one dropped his head and pawed the ground while the winner loped off in an arc, nudging the mares before him.

As we elbowed back through the grass looking for the dug-out place, avoiding the line of parked trucks beyond, we lost our way. Although it took forever to re-sight the fence, neither of us panicked until we heard voices, urgent but low. I grabbed her arm and put a finger to my lips. Never lifting our heads, just peeping through the grass, we saw them pull a body from a wheelbarrow and throw it into a hole already waiting. One foot stuck up over the edge and quivered, as though it could get out, as though with a little effort it could break through the dirt being shoveled in. We could not see the faces of the men doing the burying, only their trousers; but we saw the edge of a spade drive the jerking foot down to join the rest of itself. When she saw that black foot with its creamy pink and mud-streaked sole being whacked into the grave, her whole body began to shake. I hugged her shoulders tight and tried to pull her trembling into my own bones because, as a brother four years older, I thought I could handle it. The men were long gone and the moon was a cantaloupe by the time we felt safe enough to disturb even one blade of grass and move on our stomachs, searching for the scooped-out part under the fence. When we got home we expected to be whipped or at least scolded for staying out so late, but the grown-ups did not notice us. Some disturbance had their attention.

Since you’re set on telling my story, whatever you think and whatever you write down, know this: I really forgot about the burial. I only remembered the horses. They were so beautiful. So brutal. And they stood like men.

SOURCE: Excerpted from MORRISON, Toni. Home (2012), Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2012.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

HOME

They rose up like men. We saw them. Like men they stood.

Eles se levantaram como homens. Nós os vimos. Como homens eles se levantaram.

We shouldn’t have been anywhere near that place.

Não deveríamos estar nem perto daquele lugar.

Like most farmland outside Lotus, Georgia, this here one had plenty scary warning signs.

Como a maioria das terras agrícolas fora de Lotus, Geórgia, esta aqui tinha muitos sinais de alerta assustadores.

The threats hung from wire mesh fences with wooden stakes every fifty or so feet.

As ameaças pendiam de cercas de tela de arame com estacas de madeira a cada quinze metros ou mais.

But when we saw a crawl space that some animal had dug—a coyote maybe, or a coon dog — we couldn’t resist.

Mas quando vimos um espaço de acesso que algum animal havia cavado — um coiote talvez, ou um cão-guaxinim — não conseguimos resistir.

Just kids we were.

Éramos apenas crianças.

The grass was shoulder high for her and waist high for me so, looking out for snakes, we crawled through it on our bellies.

O capim estava na altura dos ombros para ela e na altura da cintura para mim, então, tomando cuidado com as cobras, rastejamos por ela de barriga.

The reward was worth the harm grass juice and clouds of gnats did to our eyes, because there right in front of us, about fifty yards off, they stood like men.

A recompensa valeu o dano que o suco da grama e as nuvens de mosquitos fizeram aos nossos olhos, porque ali, bem na nossa frente, a cerca de cinquenta metros de distância, eles estavam parados como homens.

Their raised hooves crashing and striking, their manes tossing back from wild white eyes.

Seus cascos erguidos batendo e batendo, suas crinas jogando para trás de olhos brancos selvagens.

They bit each other like dogs but when they stood, reared up on their hind legs, their forelegs around the withers of the other, we held our breath in wonder.

Eles se mordiam como cães, mas quando ficavam de pé, erguidos nas patas traseiras, suas patas dianteiras ao redor da cernelha do outro, prendíamos a respiração em admiração.

One was rust-colored, the other deep black, both sunny with sweat.

Um era cor de ferrugem, o outro preto profundo, ambos ensolarados de suor.

The neighs were not as frightening as the silence following a kick of hind legs into the lifted lips of the opponent.

Os relinchos não eram tão assustadores quanto o silêncio que se seguia a um coice das patas traseiras nos lábios levantados do oponente.

Nearby, colts and mares, indifferent, nibbled grass or looked away.

Perto dali, potros e éguas, indiferentes, mordiscavam a grama ou desviavam o olhar.

Then it stopped.

Então, parou.

The rust-colored one dropped his head and pawed the ground while the winner loped off in an arc, nudging the mares before him.

O da cor de ferrugem abaixou a cabeça e deu patadas no chão enquanto o vencedor galopava em um arco, cutucando as éguas à sua frente.

As we elbowed back through the grass looking for the dug-out place, avoiding the line of parked trucks beyond, we lost our way.

Enquanto nos acotovelávamos de volta pela grama procurando o lugar escavado, evitando a fila de caminhões estacionados além, nos perdemos.

Although it took forever to re-sight the fence, neither of us panicked until we heard voices, urgent but low.

Embora tenha demorado uma eternidade para avistar a cerca novamente, nenhum de nós entrou em pânico até ouvirmos vozes, urgentes, mas baixas. 

I grabbed her arm and put a finger to my lips.

Agarrei o braço dela e coloquei um dedo nos lábios.

Never lifting our heads, just peeping through the grass, we saw them pull a body from a wheelbarrow and throw it into a hole already waiting.

Sem nunca levantar nossas cabeças, apenas espiando pelo capim, os vimos puxar um corpo de um carrinho de mão e jogá-lo em um buraco que já estava esperando.

One foot stuck up over the edge and quivered, as though it could get out, as though with a little effort it could break through the dirt being shoveled in.

Um pé se ergueu sobre a borda e tremeu, como se pudesse sair, como se com um pequeno esforço pudesse romper a terra que estava sendo enfiada.

We could not see the faces of the men doing the burying, only their trousers; but we saw the edge of a spade drive the jerking foot down to join the rest of itself.

Não podíamos ver os rostos dos homens que estavam enterrando, apenas suas calças; mas vimos a ponta de uma pá empurrar o pé sacudido para baixo para se juntar ao resto de si mesmo.

When she saw that black foot with its creamy pink and mud-streaked sole being whacked into the grave, her whole body began to shake.

Quando ela viu aquele pé preto com sua sola rosa cremosa e manchada de lama sendo jogado na cova, seu corpo inteiro começou a tremer.

I hugged her shoulders tight and tried to pull her trembling into my own bones because, as a brother four years older, I thought I could handle it.

Abracei seus ombros com força e tentei puxá-la trêmula para meus próprios ossos porque, como um irmão quatro anos mais velho, pensei que poderia lidar com isso.

The men were long gone and the moon was a cantaloupe by the time we felt safe enough to disturb even one blade of grass and move on our stomachs, searching for the scooped-out part under the fence.

Os homens já tinham ido embora há muito tempo e a lua era um melão quando nos sentimos seguros o suficiente para mexer em uma folha de grama e nos movermos de bruços, procurando a parte escavada sob a cerca.

When we got home we expected to be whipped or at least scolded for staying out so late, but the grown-ups did not notice us.

Quando chegamos em casa, esperávamos ser chicoteados ou pelo menos repreendidos por ficar fora até tão tarde, mas os adultos não nos notaram.

Some disturbance had their attention.

Alguma perturbação chamou a atenção deles.

Since you’re set on telling my story, whatever you think and whatever you write down, know this: I really forgot about the burial. I only remembered the horses.

Já que você está decidido a contar minha história, o que quer que você pense e o que quer que você escreva, saiba disto: eu realmente esqueci do enterro. Eu só me lembrava dos cavalos.

They were so beautiful. So brutal. And they stood like men.

Eles eram tão lindos. Tão brutais. E eles estavam parados como homens.

• SOURCE: Excerpted from MORRISON, Toni. Home (2012), Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2012.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Considering the text, answer the question:

• Who were they in: “Like men they stood.” (1st line)

a) They were some of the men in the farm.

b) They were other kids.

c) They were army men.

d) They were horses.

e) They were horses, coyotes, cows and dogs.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• Who were they in: “Like men they stood.” (1st line)
• Quem eram eles: “Eles se posicionaram como homens.
• THEY refere-se aos cavalos.

a) They were some of the men in the farm.

Eram alguns dos homens da fazenda.

b) They were other kids.

Eles eram outras crianças.

c) They were army men.

Eles eram militares.

d) They were horses.

Eles eram cavalos.

e) They were horses, coyotes, cows and dogs.

Eles eram cavalos, coiotes, vacas e cães.

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) In the excerpt:

• “The grass was shoulder high for her and waist high for me so, looking out for snakes, we crawled through it on our bellies.”

We can understand that:

a) The kids crept through the grass, simply not paying attention to anything else.

b) The kids were no taller than the grass, so they decided to move horizontally.

c) The grass was very short and they had to find a way not to be bitten by the snakes.

d) The grass helped the kids hide, so they remained there quietly waiting for help.

e) The kids cut the grass before they started crawling.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

No trecho: “A grama estava na altura dos ombros para ela e na cintura para mim, então, procurando por cobras, rastejamos por ela de barriga”.

Podemos entender isso:

a) The kids crept through the grass, simply not paying attention to anything else.

As crianças rastejaram pela grama, simplesmente sem prestar atenção em mais nada.

b) The kids were no taller than the grass, so they decided to move horizontally.

As crianças não eram mais altas que o capim, então elas decidiram mover-se horizontalmente.

c) The grass was very short and they had to find a way not to be bitten by the snakes. A grama era muito curta e eles tiveram que dar um jeito de não serem picados pelas cobras.

d) The grass helped the kids hide, so they remained there quietly waiting for help. A grama ajudou as crianças a se esconderem, então elas permaneceram ali calmamente esperando por ajuda.

e) The kids cut the grass before they started crawling. As crianças cortaram a grama antes de começarem a engatinhar.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) The words in the box below have been undelined in the text.

Choose the option that indicates the correct synonym for each of the words in the order they appear in the text:

• grabbed – quivered – whacked – scolded

a) got; moved softlty; beaten; called attention

b) took; shook; put; adopted

c) captured; trembled; beaten; lectured

d) took; moved; stricken; accepted

e) got; moved in a trembling motion; stricken; censured

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• grabbed – quivered – whacked – scolded
• agarrei  – estremeceu – atingido – repreendidos

a) got; moved softlty; beaten; called attention

obteve; moveu-se suavemente; espancado; chamou atenção

b) took; shook; put; adopted

pegou; tremeu; colocar; adotado

c) captured; trembled; beaten; lectured

capturado; tremeu; espancado; lecionou

d) took; moved; stricken; accepted

pegou; mudou-se; acometido; aceitaram

e) got; moved in a trembling motion; stricken; censured

obteve; moveu-se em um movimento trêmulo; acometido; censurado

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

• SOURCE: http://www.englishact.com.br/2018/04/calvin-and-hobbes-comic-strips.html access on Oct 7th, 2019.

From the strip we can infer that:

(A) Calvin and his Mom perfectly agree on what his haircut should be like.

(B) The barber is going to follow Calvin’s wishes.

(C) Calvin and his Mom have completely different opinions about what the barber should do with his hair.

(D) The barber has no idea what Calvin’s Mom just said.

(E) Calvin asked his Mom to tell the barber what to do with his hair.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Da tira podemos inferir que:

a) Calvin and his Mom perfectly agree on what his haircut should be like.

Calvin e sua mãe concordam perfeitamente sobre como deveria ser seu corte de cabelo.

b) The barber is going to follow Calvin’s wishes.

O barbeiro irá seguir os desejos de Calvin.

c) Calvin and his Mom have completely different opinions about what the barber should do with his hair.

Calvin e sua mãe têm opiniões completamente diferentes sobre o que o barbeiro deveria fazer com seu cabelo.

d) The barber has no idea what Calvin’s Mom just said.

O barbeiro não tem ideia do que a mãe de Calvin acabou de dizer.

e) Calvin asked his Mom to tell the barber what to do with his hair.

Calvin pediu à mãe que dissesse ao barbeiro o que fazer com seu cabelo.

>> TRADUÇÃO DA TIRINHA:

[How are today? Fine! I want the top of my head shaved, and the sides dyed pink and cut in horizontal stripes, ok? Mom? Give him the usual, Pete...Well, I guess this guy knows which side his bread is buttered on!]

• THE BARBER:
• How are today?
• Como vai?
• CALVIN:
• Fine!
• Bem!
• I want the top of my head shaved, and the sides dyed pink and cut in horizontal stripes, ok?
• Quero o topo da cabeça rapado, e as laterais tingidas de cor-de-rosa e cortadas em riscas horizontais, ok?
• THE BARBER:
• Mom?
• Mãe?!
• CALVIN'S MOM:
• Give him the usual, Pete...
• Dá-lhe o de sempre, Pete...
• CALVIN:
• Well, I guess this guy knows which side his bread is buttered on!
• Bem, acho que este cara sabe de que lado o seu pão é amanteigado!

>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:

• Calvin senta-se na cadeira do barbeiro para cortar o cabelo. Calvin manda raspar a parte de cima, as laterais tingidas de cor-de-rosa e cortadas em riscas horizontais.
• A mãe diz ao barbeiro para dar a Calvin o habitual. O barbeiro então, não segue os desejos de Calvin.
• Calvin comenta que o barbeiro sabe de que lado o pão dele é amanteigado.

>> "TO KNOW WHICH SIDE YOUR BREAD IS BUTTERED ON" (idiom) - to understand what will help you or bring you advantages or profit, so you can act according to this. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/)

16 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

• SOURCE: http://www.englishact.com.br/2018/04/calvin-and-hobbes-comic-strips.html access on Oct 7th, 2019

By the answer Calvin gives to the Maths problem, we are sure that:

a) He has no idea whatsoever how to answer the problem.

b) He created something new because he was tired to do the homework seriously.

c) He is very inventive, so he decided to suggest a different answer.

d) He decided to correct the proposal of the exercise because it was wrong.

e) He always supposes questions are tricky, so he decided to challenge the teacher answering with another question.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

By the answer Calvin gives to the Maths problem, we are sure that:

Pela resposta que Calvin dá ao problema de matemática, temos certeza de que:

a) He has no idea whatsoever how to answer the problem.

Ele não tem ideia de como responder ao problema.

b) He created something new because he was tired to do the homework seriously.

Ele criou algo novo porque estava cansado de fazer a lição de casa com seriedade.

c) He is very inventive, so he decided to suggest a different answer.

Ele é muito inventivo, então decidiu sugerir uma resposta diferente.

d) He decided to correct the proposal of the exercise because it was wrong.

Decidiu corrigir a proposta do exercício porque estava errada.

e) He always supposes questions are tricky, so he decided to challenge the teacher answering with another question.

Ele sempre acha que as perguntas são complicadas, então decidiu desafiar o professor respondendo com outra pergunta.

❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text below to answer questions 17 and 18:

Woman in India admits poisoning six family members with cyanide

Murders took place over 14-year period and each victim ate a meal prepared by the killer

A woman in the southern Indian state of Kerala has confessed to poisoning six members of her family over a 14-year period by adding cyanide to their food.

Police began investigating earlier this year when the brother-in-law of 47-year-old suspect Jolly Thomas became suspicious that she may have forged his parents’ will.

Authorities discovered that Thomas had been at the scene of all six deaths, and that each death had occurred after eating a meal she had prepared. Up to that point the deaths had not been treated as suspicious because of the timeframe.

Thomas, a popular member of the community in Kozhikode, was allegedly motivated by wanting control of the family finances and property, police said.

According to police, the first poisoning was of Thomas’s mother-in-law, who died in 2002 after eating mutton soup. In 2008, her-father-in-law died, followed by her husband in 2011, who police said died after eating rice and curry. An autopsy conducted on his body at the time confirmed poisonous substances in his stomach, but police treated his death as suicide.

Thomas’s husband’s uncle was then allegedly given coffee laced with cyanide as punishment for insisting that a postmortem be carried out on his nephew.

In 2014, police said Thomas killed the two-year-old daughter of her dead husband’s cousin, Scaria Shaju. The cousin’s wife was then killed in 2016. A year later Thomas and Shaju married.

Shaju told police he had no idea that Thomas was behind his wife and daughter’s death, but he has been arrested along with a third person.

On Friday, police exhumed remains from the local cemetery and said that they confirmed cyanide poisoning in each of the deaths. On Monday, they said Thomas confessed to all the murders.

• SOURCE: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/07/woman-in-india-admitspoisoning-six-family-members-with-cyanide access on Oct. 7th, 2019.

17 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Select the WRONG alternative, according to the text:

a) Jolly Thomas became suspicious of having forged her parents’ will.

b) Authorities discovered that Thomas had been at the scene of all six deaths.

c) Thomas confessed to poisoning six members of her family over a 14-year period.

d) Thomas confessed to all the murders.

e) She used cyanide in all the poisonings.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Selecione a alternativa ERRADA, conforme o texto:

a) Jolly Thomas became suspicious of having forged her parents’ will.

Jolly Thomas tornou-se suspeita de ter falsificado o testamento dos pais.

b) Authorities discovered that Thomas had been at the scene of all six deaths.

As autoridades descobriram que Thomas esteve no local das seis mortes.

c) Thomas confessed to poisoning six members of her family over a 14-year period.

Thomas confessou ter envenenado seis membros de sua família durante um período de 14 anos.

d) Thomas confessed to all the murders.

Thomas confessou todos os assassinatos.

e) She used cyanide in all the poisonings.

Ela usou cianeto em todos os envenenamentos.

18 – (MACKENZIE/SP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Consider this excerpt and answer:

• “Authorities discovered that Thomas had been at the scene of all six deaths, and that each death had occurred after eating a meal she had prepared.”

This suggests that:

a) Thomas had surely premeditated each and every crime.

b) Thomas had been present at all deaths by accident.

c) Thomas had a slight idea of what was happening.

d) Thomas had also eaten the meals with her victims.

e) Thomas had also tried to commit suicide.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

• TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Considere este trecho e responda:

• “Authorities discovered that Thomas had been at the scene of all six deaths, and that each death had occurred after eating a meal she had prepared.”
• As autoridades descobriram que Thomas esteve no local de todas as seis mortes e que cada morte ocorreu depois de comer uma refeição que ela havia preparado.

Isso sugere que:

a) Thomas had surely premeditated each and every crime.

Thomas certamente premeditou todo e qualquer crime.

b) Thomas had been present at all deaths by accident.

Thomas esteve presente em todas as mortes por acidente.

c) Thomas had a slight idea of what was happening.

Thomas tinha uma pequena ideia do que estava acontecendo.

d) Thomas had also eaten the meals with her victims.

Thomas também fez as refeições com suas vítimas.

e) Thomas had also tried to commit suicide.

Thomas também tentou suicídio.