MACKENZIE–SP–2024.1–GRUPOS (I - IV - V - VI)–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE-2024-1º SEMESTRE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-28/11/23.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 5 MCQ (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Dinogorgon Skull | https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO: Read the text below and answer questions 11 to 14:

Dinogorgon Skull

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

PHOTOGRAPH BY .JONATHAN BLAIR

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

When a species disappears, biologists say that the species has become extinct. By making room for new species, extination helps drive the evolution of life. Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium. However, during the history of ilfe on Earth, there have been periods of mass extmnction, when large percentages of the planet’s species became extinct in a reiativeiy shart amount of time. These extinctions have had wideiy different causes.

About 541 million years ago, a great expansion occurred in the diversity of multicellular organisms. Paleobiologists, scientists who study the fosslls of plants and animais to Icem how hfe evolved, call this event the Cambrian Explosion. Since the Cambrian Explosion, there have been five mass extinctions, each of which is named for the geoiogicai period in which it occurred, or for the periods that immediately preceded and followed it.

The first mass extinction is called the Ordovician-Silurian Extinotion. It occurred about 440 million years ago, at the end of the period that paleontoiogists and geoiogists call the Ordovician, and followed by the start of the Silurian period. In this extinction event, many small organisms of the sea became extinct. The next mass extinction is called Devonian extinction, occurring 365 million years ago during the Devonian period. This extinction also saw the end of numerous sea organisms.

The largest extinction took place around 250 mililon years ago. Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species. Although life an Earth was nearly wiped out, the Great Dying made room for new organisms, including the first dinosaurs. About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction. By eiiminating many large animais, this extinction event cieared the way for dinosaurs to fiourish. Finaliy, about 65.5 miiiion years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period came the fifth mass extinction. This is the famous extinction event that brought the age of the dinosaurs to an end.

In each of these cases, the mass extinction created niches or openings in the Earth’s ecosystems. Those niches ailowed for new groups oforganisms to thrive and diversify, which produced a range of new species. Iri the case of the Cretaceous extinction, the demise of the dinosaurs allowed mammals to thrive and grow larger.

Scientists refer to the current time as the Anthropocene period, meaning the period ofhumanity. They warn that, because of human activities such as poilution, overfishing, and the cutting down of forests, the Earth might be on the verge of — or aiready in — a sixth mass extinction. if that is true, what new ilfe wouid rise up to fill the niche that we currently occupy?

• (Taken from https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction/ Access: Septerhber/2023)

❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:

Dinogorgon SkuII

Crânio de Dinogorgon

PHOTOGRAPH BY .JONATHAN BLAIR

A dinogorgon skull protrudes from a rock with the South African scrubland in the background.

Um crânio de dinogorgon sobressai de uma rocha com o cerrado sul-africano ao fundo.

>>[1º PARÁGRAFO]:

When a species disappears, biologists say that the species has become extinct.

Quando uma espécie desaparece, os biologistas dizem que a espécie foi extinta.

By making room for new species, extinction helps drive the evolution of life.

Ao criar espaço para novas espécies, a extinção ajuda a impulsionar a evolução da vida.

• "BY MAKING ROOM"(criar espaço) - create space for someone or something.

Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium.

Durante longos períodos de tempo, o número de espécies extintas pode permanecer bastante constante, o que significa que um número médio de espécies extingue-se a cada ano, século ou milênio.

• "Over long periods of time" - Durante longos períodos de tempo.
• "fairly constant"  - relativamente constante, razoavelmente constante.

However, during the history of life on Earth, there have been periods of mass extinction, when large percentages of the planet’s species became extinct in a relatively shart amount of time.

No entanto, durante a história da vida na Terra, houve períodos de extinção em massa, quando grandes percentagens das espécies do planeta foram extintas num espaço de tempo relativamente curto. 

• "mass extinction"  - relativamente constante, razoavelmente constante.
• "large percentages" - grandes percentagens.
• "the planet’s species" - as espécies do planeta.
• "in a relatively shart amount of time" - num espaço de tempo relativamente curto.

These extinctions have had widely different causes.

Estas extinções tiveram causas amplamente  diferentes.

• "widely different causes" - causas amplamente diferentes.

>>[2º PARÁGRAFO]:

About 541 million years ago, a great expansion occurred in the diversity of multicellular organisms.

Há cerca de 541 milhões de anos, ocorreu uma grande expansão na diversidade de organismos multicelulares.

• "a great expansion occurred" - ocorreu uma grande expansão.

Paleobiologists, scientists who study the fossils of plants and animais to learn how life evolved, call this event the Cambrian Explosion.

Os Paleobiólogos, cientistas que estudam os fósseis de plantas e animais para aprender como a vida evoluiu, chamam este evento de Explosão Cambriana.

• "how life evolved" - como a vida evoluiu.
• "call this event" - chamam este evento de.
• "the Cambrian Explosion" - Explosão Cambriana.

Since the Cambrian Explosion, there have been five mass extinctions, each of which is named for the geological period in which it occurred, or for the periods that immediately preceded and followed it.

Desde a Explosão Cambriana, ocorreram cinco extinções em massa, cada uma delas nomeada de acordo com o período geológico em que ocorreu, ou com os períodos que a precederam e se seguiram imediatamente.

• "Since the Cambrian Explosion" - Desde a Explosão Cambriana.
• "each of which is named for" - cada uma delas nomeada de acordo com.
• "the geological period" - o período geológico.

>>[3º PARÁGRAFO]:

The first mass extinction is called the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction.

A primeira extinção em massa é chamada de Extinção Ordoviciano-Siluriana.

• "the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction" - Extinção Ordoviciano-Siluriana.

It occurred about 440 milhon years ago, at the end of the period that paleontoiogists and geologists call the Ordovician, and followed by the start of the Silurian period.

Ocorreu há cerca de 440 milhões de anos, no final do período que os paleontólogos e geólogos chamam de Ordoviciano, e seguido pelo início do período Siluriano.

In this extinction event, many small organisms of the sea became extinct.

Neste evento de extinção, muitos pequenos organismos do mar foram extintos.

• "of the sea" - do mar.

The next mass extinction is called Devonian extinction, occurring 365 mil!ion years ago during the Devonian period.

A próxima extinção em massa é chamada de extinção Devoniana, ocorrendo há 365 milhões de anos, durante o período Devoniano.

This extinction also saw the end of numerous sea organisms.

Esta extinção também viu o fim de numerosos organismos marinhos.

• "sea organisms" - organismos marinhos.

>>[4º PARÁGRAFO]:

The largest extinction took place around 250 million years ago.

A maior extinção ocorreu há cerca de 250 milhões de anos.

• "The largest extinction" - A maior extinção.
• "took place" - ocorreu, aconteceu.

Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species.

Conhecido como a extinção do Permiano-Triássico, ou a Grande Morte, este evento viu o fim de mais de 90% das espécies da Terra.

• "Known as" - Conhecido como.
• "Great Dying" - Grande Morte.
• "Earth’s species" - espécies da Terra.

Although life an Earth was nearly wiped out, the Great Dying made room for new organisms, including the first dinosaurs.

Embora a vida na Terra tenha sido quase exterminada, a Grande Morte criou espaço para novos organismos, incluindo os primeiros dinossauros.

• "Although life an Earth" - Embora a vida na Terra.
• "nearly wiped out" - quase exterminada.
• "made room for new organisms" - criou espaço para novos organismos.
• "the first dinosaurs" - os primeiros dinossauros.

About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction.

Cerca de 210 milhões de anos atrás, entre os períodos Triássico e Jurássico, ocorreu outra extinção em massa.

By eliminating many large animais, this extinction event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.

Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

• "many large animais" - muitos animais de grande porte.
• "CLEARED THE WAY FOR"(tornou possível) - made it possible for something to happen.

Finally, about 65.5 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period came the fifth mass extinction.

Finalmente, há cerca de 65,5 milhões de anos, no final do período Cretáceo ocorreu a quinta extinção em massa.

• "the fifth mass extinction" - a quinta extinção em massa.

This is the famous extinction event that brought the age of the dinosaurs to an end.

Este é o famoso evento de extinção que pôs fim à era dos dinossauros.

• "the famous extinction event" - o famoso evento de extinção.

>>[5º PARÁGRAFO]:

In each of these cases, the mass extinction created niches or openings in the Earth’s ecosystems. Those niches alowed for new groups of organisms to thrive and diversify, which produced a range of new species. Iri the case of the Cretaceous extinction, the demise of the dinosaurs allowed mammals to thrive and grow larger.

Em cada um desses casos, a extinção em massa criou nichos ou aberturas nos ecossistemas da Terra. Esses nichos permitiram que novos grupos de organismos prosperassem e se diversificassem, o que produziu uma gama de novas espécies. No caso da extinção do Cretáceo, o desaparecimento dos dinossauros permitiu que os mamíferos prosperassem e crescessem mais.

• "the Earth’s ecosystems" - os ecossistemas da Terra.
• "to thrive and diversify" - prosperar e se diversificar.
• "a range of new species" - uma gama de novas espécies.
• "the demise of the dinosaurss"- o desaparecimento dos dinossauros.
• "to thrive and grow larger" - prosperar e crescer mais.

>>[6º PARÁGRAFO]:

Scientists refer to the current time as the Anthropocene period, meaning the period of humanity. They warn that, because of human activities such as pollution, overfishing, and the cutting down of forests, the Earth might be on the verge of —or already in—a sixth mass extinction. if that is true, what new ilfe wouid rise up to fill the niche that we currently occupy?

Os cientistas se referem ao tempo atual como o período do Antropoceno, ou seja, o período da humanidade. Eles alertam que, por causa de atividades humanas como poluição, pesca predatória e redução de florestas, a Terra pode estar à beira de — ou já estar em — uma sexta extinção em massa. Se isso for verdade, que nova vida surgiria, para preencher o nicho que ocupamos atualmente?

• "overfishing" - pesca predatória.
• "cutting down of forests"(redução de florestas) - reduce the amount or number of forests".
• "on the verge of" - à beira de, prestes a,  no limiar de.
• "if that is true" - Se isso for verdade.

(Taken from https://education.nationalgeographic.orglresourceextinction/ Access: Septerhber/2023)

11 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

(A) Except for some periods, species became extinct in a fairly regular basis over time.

(B) Mass extinction was a problem just in the beginning of life on Earth.

(C) Mass extinction was usually caused by climate changes.

(D) Nowadays, a great expansion took place in the diversity ofWiiilticellular organisms.

(E) We can count around 541 mass extinetion species in the Cambrian Explosion.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa correta:

(A) Except for some periods, species became extinct in a fairly regular basis over time.

► CORRETA: Exceto por alguns períodos, as espécies foram extintas de forma relativamente regular ao longo do tempo.

• "[...]Over long periods of time, the number of species becoming extinct can remam fairly constant, meaning that an average number of species 90 extinct each year, century, or millennium."
  Durante longos períodos de tempo, o número de espécies extintas pode permanecer relativamente constante, o que significa que um número médio de espécies extingue-se a cada ano, século ou milênio.

►"FAIRLY"  - "relatively" (relativamente), "quite, but not extremely"(‘bastante, mas não extremamente).

(B) Mass extinction was a problem just in the beginning of life on Earth.

A extinção em massa foi um problema logo no início da vida na Terra.

(C) Mass extinction was usually caused by climate changes.

A extinção em massa foi geralmente causada por mudanças climáticas.

(D) Nowadays, a great expansion took place in the diversity of multicellular organisms.

Atualmente, uma grande expansão ocorreu na diversidade de organismos multicelulares.

(E) We can count around 541 mass extinetion species in the Cambrian Explosion.

Podemos contar cerca de 541 espécies extintas em massa na Explosão Cambriana.

12 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Based on the text, choose the INCORRECT alternative:

(A) It was between two periods, the Ordovician and the Silurian periods, that the first mass extinction took place.

(B) During the Ordovician and Silurian extinction, many large mammals died.

(C) It was in the Devonian period that we could see the end of many sea species.

(D) The Great Dying is another name for the Permian-Triassie extinetion.

(E) More than 90% ofEarth’s species died during the Great Dying.

 

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Based on the text, choose the INCORRECT alternative:

Com base no texto, escolha a alternativa INCORRETA:

(A) It was between two periods, the Ordovician and the Silurian periods, that the first mass extinction took place.

Foi entre dois períodos, o Ordoviciano e o Siluriano, que ocorreu a primeira extinção em massa.

(B) During the Ordovician and Silurian extinction, many large mammals died.

Durante a extinção do Ordoviciano e do Siluriano, muitos mamíferos grandes morreram.

• About 210 million years ago, between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, came another mass extinction.
  Cerca de 210 milhões de anos atrás, entre os períodos Triássico e Jurássico, ocorreu outra extinção em massa.
  By eliminating many large animais, this extinction event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.
  Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

(C) It was in the Devonian period that we could see the end of many sea species.

Foi no período Devoniano que pudemos ver o fim de muitas espécies marinhas.

(D) The Great Dying is another name for the Permian-Triassie extinetion.

A Grande Morte é outro nome para a extinção do Permiano-Triássico

• Known as the Permian-Triassic extinction, or the Great Dying, this event saw the end of more than 90 percent of Earth’s species.
  Conhecido como a extinção do Permiano-Triássico, ou a Grande Morte, este evento viu o fim de mais de 90% das espécies da Terra.

(E) More than 90% ofEarth’s species died during the Great Dying.

Mais de 90% das espécies da Terra morreram durante a Grande Morte.

13 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the alternative that is equivalent in meaning to the sentence

• “By eliminating many large animais, this extinclion event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.”

(A) Dinousaurs killed many large animais to survive.

(B) The large extinction of dinosaurs caused the birth of many flowers.

(C) With the death of large dinosaurs, many of Earth’s surface was cleared.

(D) Dinosaurs could only appear because large animais were extinct.

(E) The extinction of dinosaurs was caused by large animal.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Choose the alternative that is equivalent in meaning to the sentence

Escolha a alternativa que é equivalente em significado à frase

• “By eliminating many large animais, this extinclion event cleared the way for dinosaurs to flourish.”
• Ao eliminar muitos animais de grande porte, este evento de extinção tornou possível o florescimento dos dinossauros.

(A) Dinousaurs killed many large animais to survive.

Os dinossauros mataram muitos animais grandes para sobreviver.

(B) The large extinction of dinosaurs caused the birth of many flowers.

Os dinossauros mataram muitos animais grandes para sobreviver.

(C) With the death of large dinosaurs, many of Earth’s surface was cleared.

Com a morte de grandes dinossauros, grande parte da superfície da Terra foi limpa.

(D) Dinosaurs could only appear because large animais were extinct.

Os dinossauros só puderam aparecer porque os animais grandes foram extintos.

(E) The extinction of dinosaurs was caused by large animal.

A extinção dos dinossauros foi causada por animais grandes.

14 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Choose the alternative that is grammatically correct:

(A) The Earth wiill see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continues to grow.

(B) The Earth could see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down offorests wiII continue to grow.

(C) The Earth would see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

(D) The Earth wilI see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as ‘ poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continued to grow.

(E) The Earth will see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICOS - FIRST CONDITIONAL & SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT:

Escolha a alternativa que está gramaticalmente correta:

(A) The Earth wiill see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continues to grow. (ERRO DE CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL NA IF-CLAUSE)

(B) The Earth could see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down offorests will continue to grow. (ERRO DE ESTRUTURA)

(C) The Earth would see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow. (ERRO DE ESTRUTURA)

(D) The Earth wilI see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as ‘ poliution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continued to grow. (ERRO DO TEMPO VERBAL NA IF-CLAUSE)

(E) The Earth will see a sixth mass extinction if human activities such as poilution, overfishing and the cutting down of forests continue to grow.

A Terra verá uma sexta extinção em massa se as atividades humanas, como a poluição, a pesca excessiva e o desmatamento, continuarem a crescer.

15 – (MACKENZIE/SP-VESTIBULAR-2024-1º SEMESTRE) Read the following comic strip and choose the correct alternative:

• Taken from: https: www.boredpanda.com/comics-funny-wholesome-relatable-dinosaurs dinosandcomics/.Access: September/2023

(A) The second dinosaur enjoys talking about trivial things.

(B) The second question is not appropriate to ask anyone.

(C) The second dinosaur doesn’t properly answer the second question.

(D) In the third box, the expression “deep down” refers to the waterfall behind then.

(E) In the second box, the expression “small talk” means “short animais”.

 

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

(A) The second dinosaur enjoys talking about trivial things.

>> INCORRETA: O segundo dinossauro gosta de falar sobre coisas triviais.

• Eh, I hate small talk.
• Eh, eu odeio conversa rápida (conversa fiada, quebra gelo, puxar assunto).

(B) The second question is not appropriate to ask anyone.

>> INCORRETA: A segunda pergunta não é apropriada para ser feita a ninguém.

(C) The second dinosaur doesn’t properly answer the second question.

>> CORRETA: O segundo dinossauro não responde corretamente à segunda pergunta.

(D) In the third box, the expression “deep down” refers to the waterfall behind then.

>> INCORRETA: No terceiro quadro, a expressão “no fundo” refere-se à cachoeira atrás dela.

(E) In the second box, the expression “small talk” means “short animais”. 

>> INCORRETA: No segundo quadro, a expressão “conversa fiada” significa “animais curtos”.

>> TRADUÇÃO DO CARTOON:

>>1º QUADRINHO:

- What's your favourite colour?

- Qual sua cor favorita?

>>2º QUADRINHO:

- Eh, I hate small talk.

- Eh, eu odeio conversa rápida (conversa fiada, quebra gelo, puxar assunto).

>>3º QUADRINHO:

- Okay, deep down do you think you're a good person?

- Ok, lá no fundo, você se acha uma boa pessoa?

• "DEEP DOWN" (lá no fundo) refere-se a algum sentimento ou atitude que não fica à mostra para todos verem.

>>4º QUADRINHO:

- Blue.

- Azul.

 teste