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Mostrando postagens com marcador VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA. Mostrar todas as postagens

domingo, 19 de maio de 2024

UCPEL–VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA–2024–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
 UCPEL-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA-2024-LÍNGUA INGLESA-APLICAÇÃO 19/11/23.
https://ead.ucpel.edu.br
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 2 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto – | How an objective measure of pain could counter bias in medicine www.bbc.com |


 TEXTO:
How an objective measure of pain could counter bias in medicine
By Naomi Elster

How much does it hurt? You might think it's one of the simplest questions in health and medicine. But in fact, it can be a remarkably difficult question to answer objectively. Consider a doctor who has two patients who are grimacing and using similar words to describe their pain. Can the doctor be sure they are experiencing similar levels of pain? What if one habitually underestimates their suffering? What if one has been in pain for a long time and grown used to it? And what if the doctor has certain prejudices that mean they are more likely to believe one patient than the other?

Pain is a difficult beast to grapple with, hard to measure and therefore to treat. Pain can be an important distress signal and failing to investigate it could mean a missed opportunity to save a life – or it may be something much more minor.

For such a universal experience, pain remains much of a mystery – especially the task of determining how much pain someone is in. "We understand it so poorly," says Emma Pierson, a computer scientist at Stanford University researching pain. "In particular, the fact that human doctors are frequently left flummoxed by why a patient is in pain suggests that our current medical understanding of pain is quite bad." The gold standard for pain analysis currently relies on patients self-reporting how they feel, relying, in different places, on either a numerical scale (0 as no pain, 10 as worst pain), or a system of smiley faces.

"Step one in treating pain adequately is measuring it accurately and that's the challenge," says Carl Saab, who leads a pain research team at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio. "Nowadays the standard of care is based on 'smiley faces' that riddle ER rooms." This system can be confusing for patients, he says, and especially problematic when treating children and non-communicative patients.

Then there is the problem about whether the patient's rating is believed. One study found a widespread notion that people tend to exaggerate the level of pain they are in, despite little evidence to suggest such exaggeration is common. Without an objective way to measure pain, there is room for bias to creep into clinicians' decisions. "Pain has a particularly large impact on underserved populations, and their pain is particularly likely to be ignored," says Pierson.

Unfortunately, false beliefs about pain are widely held among physicians. In 2016, one study found that 50% of white medical students and residents in the US held very dangerous and false ideas about black people and their experience of pain. Another study found that almost half of medical students heard negative comments about black patients by their senior colleagues, and those students' level of racial bias grew significantly in their first four years of medical training.

Such biases date back to historical attempts to justify slavery, including false claims that black people had thicker skin and different nerve endings. Now, black patients in the US are 40% less likely to have their pain treated than white patients. Hispanic patients, meanwhile, are 25% less likely than white patients to have their pain treated.

Racial discrimination is not the only form of prejudice that influences pain treatment. Biases around "hysterical women" are still well known in medicine, particularly around pain. A review of 77 separate research studies revealed that terms Página 37 de 42 like "sensitive" and "complaining" are more often applied to women's reports of pain. One study of 981 people found that women who came to emergency care due to pain were less likely to receive any pain relief at all, and they had to wait 33% longer than men to be treated. In addition, when men and women reported similar levels of pain, men were given stronger medication to treat it. (…)

Could new technologies help provide a way to circumvent prejudice and bias about pain in medicine? Several innovations are being developed to try to plug this gap to provide an objective "readout" of the extent of someone's pain. These technologies rely on finding "biomarkers" for pain – measurable biological variables that correlate with the experience of pain.

"Clinicians are saying, 'Look, we can't base our clinical workflow on this, it's not how medicine should be practiced.' When you have a high temperature, you use a thermometer. When you have high blood pressure, you test your blood concentrations. In this case, people come with pain, and we show them smiley faces."
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230414-the-search-for-an-objective-measure-of-pain
TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
How an objective measure of pain could counter bias in medicine
Como uma medida objetiva da dor poderia contrariar o preconceito na medicina
By Naomi Elster
1º PARÁGRAFO:
How much does it hurt?
Quanto dói?
You might think it's one of the simplest questions in health and medicine.
Você pode pensar que é uma das perguntas mais simples da saúde e da medicina.
But in fact, it can be a remarkably difficult question to answer objectively.
Mas, na verdade, pode ser uma pergunta extremamente difícil de responder objetivamente.
Consider a doctor who has two patients who are grimacing and using similar words to describe their pain.
Considere um médico que tem dois pacientes que fazem caretas e usam palavras semelhantes para descrever sua dor.
Can the doctor be sure they are experiencing similar levels of pain?
Dá para o médico ter certeza de que eles estão sentindo níveis semelhantes de dor?
What if one habitually underestimates their suffering?
E se alguém habitualmente subestimar seu sofrimento?
What if one has been in pain for a long time and grown used to it?
E se alguém esteve com a dor há muito tempo e se acostumou com isso?
And what if the doctor has certain prejudices that mean they are more likely to believe one patient than the other?
E se o médico tiver certos preconceitos que significam que é mais provável que acredite num paciente do que no outro?
2º PARÁGRAFO:
Pain is a difficult beast to grapple with, hard to measure and therefore to treat.
A dor é uma fera difícil de enfrentar, difícil de medir e, portanto, de tratar. 
Pain can be an important distress signal and failing to investigate it could mean a missed opportunity to save a life – or it may be something much more minor.
A dor pode ser um importante sinal de socorro e não investigá-la pode significar uma oportunidade perdida de salvar uma vida – ou pode ser algo muito menor.
3º PARÁGRAFO:
For such a universal experience, pain remains much of a mystery – especially the task of determining how much pain someone is in.
Para uma experiência tão universal, a dor permanece um mistério – especialmente a tarefa de determinar quanta dor alguém sente.
"We understand it so poorly," says Emma Pierson, a computer scientist at Stanford University researching pain.
“Nós entendemos isso tão mal”, diz Emma Pierson, cientista da computação da Universidade de Stanford que pesquisa a dor.
"In particular, the fact that human doctors are frequently left flummoxed by why a patient is in pain suggests that our current medical understanding of pain is quite bad."
“Em particular, o fato que os médicos humanos ficarem frequentemente perplexos com a razão pela qual um paciente sente dor sugere que a nossa atual compreensão médica da dor é bastante má”. 
The gold standard for pain analysis currently relies on patients self-reporting how they feel, relying, in different places, on either a numerical scale (0 as no pain, 10 as worst pain), or a system of smiley faces.
O padrão-ouro para a análise da dor atualmente depende de os pacientes relatarem como se sentem, baseando-se, em diferentes locais, em uma escala numérica (0 como nenhuma dor, 10 como pior dor) ou em um sistema de carinhas sorridentes.
4º PARÁGRAFO:
"Step one in treating pain adequately is measuring it accurately and that's the challenge," says Carl Saab, who leads a pain research team at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio.
“O primeiro passo para tratar a dor adequadamente é medi-la com precisão e esse é o desafio”, diz Carl Saab, que lidera uma equipe de pesquisa sobre dor na Cleveland Clinic, em Ohio.
"Nowadays the standard of care is based on 'smiley faces' that riddle ER rooms."
"Hoje em dia, o padrão de atendimento é baseado em 'rostos sorridentes' que confundem as salas de emergência."
This system can be confusing for patients, he says, and especially problematic when treating children and non-communicative patients.
Este sistema pode ser confuso para os pacientes, diz ele, e especialmente problemático no tratamento de crianças e pacientes não comunicativos.
5º PARÁGRAFO:
Then there is the problem about whether the patient's rating is believed.
Depois, há o problema de acreditar ou não na avaliação do paciente.
One study found a widespread notion that people tend to exaggerate the level of pain they are in, despite little evidence to suggest such exaggeration is common.
Um estudo descobriu uma noção generalizada de que as pessoas tendem a exagerar o nível de dor que sentem, apesar de poucas evidências sugerirem que tal exagero seja comum.
Without an objective way to measure pain, there is room for bias to creep into clinicians' decisions.
Sem uma forma objetiva de medir a dor, há espaço para que o preconceito se insinue nas decisões dos médicos.
"Pain has a particularly large impact on underserved populations, and their pain is particularly likely to be ignored," says Pierson.
“A dor tem um impacto particularmente grande nas populações carentes, e é particularmente provável que a sua dor seja ignorada”, diz Pierson.
6º PARÁGRAFO:
Unfortunately, false beliefs about pain are widely held among physicians.
Infelizmente, falsas crenças sobre a dor são amplamente difundidas entre os médicos. 
In 2016, one study found that 50% of white medical students and residents in the US held very dangerous and false ideas about black people and their experience of pain.
Em 2016, um estudo descobriu que 50% dos estudantes de medicina e residentes brancos nos EUA tinham ideias muito perigosas e falsas sobre os negros e a sua experiência de dor.
Another study found that almost half of medical students heard negative comments about black patients by their senior colleagues, and those students' level of racial bias grew significantly in their first four years of medical training.
Outro estudo descobriu que quase metade dos estudantes de medicina ouviram comentários negativos sobre pacientes negros por parte de seus colegas mais velhos, e o nível de preconceito racial desses estudantes cresceu significativamente nos primeiros quatro anos de treinamento médico.
7º PARÁGRAFO:
Such biases date back to historical attempts to justify slavery, including false claims that black people had thicker skin and different nerve endings.
Tais preconceitos remontam a tentativas históricas de justificar a escravatura, incluindo falsas alegações de que os negros tinham pele mais grossa e terminações nervosas diferentes.
Now, black patients in the US are 40% less likely to have their pain treated than white patients.
Agora, os pacientes negros nos EUA têm 40% menos probabilidade de ter a dor tratada do que os pacientes brancos.
Hispanic patients, meanwhile, are 25% less likely than white patients to have their pain treated.
Os pacientes hispânicos, por sua vez, têm 25% menos probabilidade do que os pacientes brancos de terem a dor tratada.
8º PARÁGRAFO:
Racial discrimination is not the only form of prejudice that influences pain treatment.
A discriminação racial não é a única forma de preconceito que influencia o tratamento da dor.
Biases around "hysterical women" are still well known in medicine, particularly around pain.
Os vieses em torno das “mulheres histéricas” ainda são bem conhecidos na medicina, especialmente em relação à dor.
A review of 77 separate research studies revealed that terms like "sensitive" and "complaining" are more often applied to women's reports of pain.
Uma revisão de 77 estudos de pesquisas separados revelou que termos como “sensível” e “queixosa” são aplicados com mais frequência aos relatos de dor das mulheres.
One study of 981 people found that women who came to emergency care due to pain were less likely to receive any pain relief at all, and they had to wait 33% longer than men to be treated.
Um estudo com 981 pessoas descobriu que as mulheres que procuraram atendimento de emergência devido à dor tinham menos probabilidade de receber qualquer alívio da dor e tiveram que esperar 33% mais do que os homens para serem tratadas. 
In addition, when men and women reported similar levels of pain, men were given stronger medication to treat it. 
Além disso, quando homens e mulheres relataram níveis semelhantes de dor, os homens receberam medicamentos mais fortes para tratá-la.
9º PARÁGRAFO:
Could new technologies help provide a way to circumvent prejudice and bias about pain in medicine?
Poderiam as novas tecnologias ajudar a fornecer uma forma de contornar preconceito e viés sobre a dor na medicina?
Several innovations are being developed to try to plug this gap to provide an objective "readout" of the extent of someone's pain.
Várias inovações estão sendo desenvolvidas para tentar preencher essa lacuna e fornecer uma “leitura” objetiva da extensão da dor de alguém.
These technologies rely on finding "biomarkers" for pain – measurable biological variables that correlate with the experience of pain.
Estas tecnologias baseiam-se na descoberta de “biomarcadores” para a dor – variáveis biológicas mensuráveis que se correlacionam com a experiência da dor.
10º PARÁGRAFO:
"Clinicians are saying, 'Look, we can't base our clinical workflow on this, it's not how medicine should be practiced.'
“Os médicos estão dizendo: 'Olha, não podemos basear nosso fluxo de trabalho clínico nisso, não é assim que a medicina deve ser praticada.' 
When you have a high temperature, you use a thermometer. When you have high blood pressure, you test your blood concentrations. In this case, people come with pain, and we show them smiley faces."
Quando você tem temperatura alta, você usa um termômetro. Quando você tem pressão alta, você testa as concentrações sanguíneas. Nesse caso, as pessoas chegam com dor e mostramos carinhas sorridentes.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230414-the-search-for-an-objective-measure-of-pain

01 – (UCPEL-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA-2024)
Observe as afirmações que seguem. Quais delas condizem com o que é informado no texto?
I- Deixar de investigar bem a dor pode comprometer vidas.
II- A raça e o gênero do paciente têm influência biológica no grau da dor.
III- Os médicos se confundem muitas vezes ao terem que determinar o nível da dor.
IV- As mulheres são mais bem tratadas quando dizem sentir dor.
V- Existe a crença de que as pessoas costumam exagerar quando expressam a dor.
(A) I, III e V
(B) I, II e III
(C) II, IV e V
(D) II e III
(E) I e IV
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Observe as afirmações que seguem. Quais delas condizem com o que é informado no texto?
I - Deixar de investigar bem a dor pode comprometer vidas.
CORRETA de acordo com o trecho (2º parágrafo):
• "[...] Pain can be an important distress signal and failing to investigate it could mean a missed opportunity to save a life – or it may be something much more minor.
- A dor pode ser um importante sinal de socorro e se não for possível investigar, pode significar uma oportunidade perdida de salvar uma vida – ou pode ser algo muito menor.
II - A raça e o gênero do paciente têm influência biológica no grau da dor.
INCORRETA por estar em desacordo com o trecho (7º parágrafo):
• "[...]  Racial discrimination is not the only form of prejudice that influences pain treatment. Biases around "hysterical women" are still well known in medicine, particularly around pain.
A discriminação racial não é a única forma de preconceito que influencia o tratamento da dor. Os vieses (= tendencias, preconceitos) em torno das “mulheres histéricas” ainda são bem conhecidos na medicina, especialmente em relação à dor.
III - Os médicos se confundem muitas vezes ao terem que determinar o nível da dor.
CORRETA de acordo com o trecho (1º parágrafo):
• "[...] Can the doctor be sure they are experiencing similar levels of pain? What if one habitually underestimates their suffering? What if one has been in pain for a long time and grown used to it? And what if the doctor has certain prejudices that mean they are more likely to believe one patient than the other?
Dá para o médico ter certeza de que eles estão sentindo níveis semelhantes de dor? E se alguém habitualmente subestimar seu sofrimento? E se alguém esteve com a dor há muito tempo e se acostumou com isso? E se o médico tiver certos preconceitos que significam que é mais provável que acredite num paciente do que no outro?
• "[...] Without an objective way to measure pain, there is room for bias to creep into clinicians' decisions.
Sem uma forma objetiva de medir a dor, há espaço para que o preconceito se insinue nas decisões dos clínicos.
IV - As mulheres são mais bem tratadas quando dizem sentir dor.
INCORRETA por estar em desacordo com o trecho (8º parágrafo):
• "[...] One study of 981 people found that women who came to emergency care due to pain were less likely to receive any pain relief at all, and they had to wait 33% longer than men to be treated.
Um estudo com 981 pessoas descobriu que as mulheres que procuraram atendimento de emergência devido à dor tinham menos probabilidade de receber qualquer alívio da dor e tiveram que esperar 33% mais do que os homens para serem tratadas. 
V - Existe a crença de que as pessoas costumam exagerar quando expressam a dor.
CORRETA de acordo com o trecho (5º parágrafo):
• "[...] One study found a widespread notion that people tend to exaggerate the level of pain they are in, despite little evidence to suggest such exaggeration is common."
Um estudo descobriu uma noção generalizada de que as pessoas tendem a exagerar o nível de dor que sentem, apesar de poucas evidências sugerirem que tal exagero seja comum.

02 – (UCPEL-VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA-2024)
O que NÃO é afirmado no artigo?
(A) As carinhas sorridentes são feitas para pacientes que não podem se comunicar.
(B) O fluxo de trabalho médico precisa se basear em dados mais concretos.
(C) Novas tecnologias vão poder preencher lacunas para ler melhor a dor.
(D) Os biomarcadores para a dor são ideais para medir seu nível com objetividade.
(E) Há preconceitos que provocam o tratamento diferente para a dor de pessoas específicas.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
O que NÃO é afirmado no artigo?
(A) As carinhas sorridentes são feitas para pacientes que não podem se comunicar.
As carinhas sorridentes são feitas para pacientes que chegam com dor, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] When you have a high temperature, you use a thermometer. When you have high blood pressure, you test your blood concentrations. In this case, people come with pain, and we show them smiley faces."
Quando você tem temperatura alta, você usa um termômetro. Quando você tem pressão alta, você testa as concentrações sanguíneas. Nesse caso, as pessoas chegam com dor e nós mostramos carinhas sorridentes.
(B) O fluxo de trabalho médico precisa se basear em dados mais concretos.
(C) Novas tecnologias vão poder preencher lacunas para ler melhor a dor.
(D) Os biomarcadores para a dor são ideais para medir seu nível com objetividade.
(E) Há preconceitos que provocam o tratamento diferente para a dor de pessoas específicas.

 teste

quarta-feira, 10 de abril de 2024

UFPR–CAMPO REAL–2023.1–MEDICINA-COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA-04/06/2023.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 08 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.



❑ TEXTO: The following text refers to questions 01 to 03.

A spoon full of beer sounds unusual; ______________, it could be the future of a drink popular around the world.

A brewery in Eastern Germany has developed an alcohol-free beer powder to reduce the heavy carbon footprint of beer exports. It’s a completely new product, and such an approach has never existed before. According to the inventors, using powdered beer can save about 3 to 5% of the CO2 emissions for Germany alone, and globally, it would be about half a percent of CO2 emissions.

The powder can create lager, pilsner, or dark beer, and the first beer tastings with the powder brew have been promising.

The company is confident to have a market-ready product by the end of 2023. In the future, breweries could get beer powder and add their water before filling it into bottles.

Available in: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/powdered-beer

01 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that completes the gap in the first line of the text.
a) afterwards.
b) while.
c) because.
d) however.
e) unless.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS
:

02 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
According to the text, the expression “carbon footprint”, in the second line of the text, has to do with:
a) a mark that beer industry has conquered throughout the world.
b) a way of dealing with the problem that the production of alcohol-free beer can generate.
c) the danger alcohol-free beer can cause to the environment.
d) the absence of chemical products alcohol-free beer contains.
e) a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

03 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
The text is about:
a) Different classifications of beer.
b) Dealing with CO2 emissions.
c) A new product: powdered beer.
d) The process of making beer.
e) Steps in beer bottling.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

❑ TEXTO: The following text refers to questions 04 to 07.

The ongoing mystery of hiccups

Humans ________ long tried to cure hiccups by ________ water or ________ scared. Here’s what scientists ________ about how this reflex ________ – and how to stop it.

Sierra Pisenti knows hiccups.

She really, really wishes she didn’t. Hers are loud and painful, can last for hours, and have shown up more than a dozen times a month since she was a tiny baby. A bad bout feels like being punched in the chest. “It’s a nightmare,” says Pisenti, a stay-at-home mom from California.

Your hiccups probably aren’t as bad as Pisenti’s, but you likely recognize the dreaded sensation: a tightening in your chest, the characteristic “hic” – and the desperation to make them end. And you probably have the same question as her: “How is it possible that there isn't a solution?”

Hiccups have roots deep in our evolutionary history. ________ after millions of years, tens of thousands of years of human problemsolving, and decades of modern medicine, their origin and purpose is still largely opaque.

“Things like this, that are considered obvious or very simple, are often overlooked by many doctors,” says Mark Fox, a gastroenterologist at University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland.

“Swallowing, eating, drinking, what happens in normal life – none of this stuff will kill you if it doesn’t work well. But it will ruin your life!”
Available in: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/
04 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that fills in the gaps of the first two sentences of the excerpt.
a) have – drinking – getting – are learning – evolved.
b) had – drink – get – learned – evolved.
c) have – to drink – to get – are learning – evolves. d) have had – drinking – getting – learned – evolves.
e) have had – drink – get – learn – is evolving.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

05 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that fills in the last gap of the text.
a) Because of that.
b) Yet.
c) In short.
d) Accordingly.
e) To illustrate.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

06 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
According to the excerpt, it is correct to say that Sierra Pisenti:
a) thinks that her hiccups are getting milder as the years go by.
b) is considering a visit to a gastroenterologist at University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland.
c) finds it difficult to fall asleep and has nightmares because of the hiccups.
d) feels that staying too much at home may trigger her hiccups.
e) has been suffering from hiccups since she was a little baby.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

07 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark Fox, a gastroenterologist in Switzerland, points out that doctors:
a) have finally found out the causes and origins of hiccups.
b) do not realize how important hiccups are.
c) recognize that hiccups may cause serious physical lifetime impairments.
d) advise their patients to try heart-healthy foods.
e) prescribe drugs that are often ineffective.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

08 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2023-1º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Consider the following saying:

“Absence makes heart grow fonder”.

The alternative that explains the saying is:
a) When we’re away from loved ones, we long for their company more than in normal times.
b) When someone is in a difficult situation, s/he will take any available opportunity to come out of it.
c) A person with some knowledge of several fields can’t be a master in any of them.
d) People can’t change their innate character, especially bad.
e) A little precaution before a crisis is better than lot of firefighting afterwards.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:  

 teste

UFPR–CAMPO REAL–2022.2–MEDICINA–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA-16/10/2022.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 08 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.



❑ TEXTO: The following text refers to questions 01 to 04.

People ‘Never Smiled In Old Photos’ For Some Very Bizarre Reasons

If you’ve ever looked at an old photo, perhaps you ____________ that nobody ever seems to be smiling in them.

Did you ever wonder why that is?

Times were hard back in the day and there wasn’t much to smile about.

Money was tight, the world was a blackened and polluted mess and stood on the brink of global conflict.

OK, so maybe it wasn’t that different to now after all, but that _______________ today’s modern photo subjects from baring their teeth in a grin regardless.

First off, people were scared of photographs. It was a new technology that people ________ really ___________, and probably could have seemed a bit like a trip to the dentist.

Furthermore, beauty standards were different back then. Having a small mouth was actually a desirable thing – which brings us onto another problem – dental hygiene wasn’t quite what it is today. Another thing you’d want to avoid was looking like you had some sort of mental illness. Having a wide smile was construed as a symptom of ‘madness’ back in the day, whereas standing still and emotionless wasn’t at all weird.

Lastly, there’s the simple operational reason that photographs just took ages to take back in the olden days. From front to back, taking a picture on an old camera could have taken up to 15 minutes, meaning that holding the one facial position rather than your resting face would probably end up getting a bit painful and tedious after a bit.
(Available in:https://www.ladbible.com/community/psychology-expert-breaks-down-reasons-why-people-fall-for-conspiricies-20220320.)
01 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that completes the gaps correctly, in the order they appear in the text.
(A) ’ve spotted – hasn’t stopped – didn’t – understand.
(B) spot – didn’t stop – don’t – understand.
(C) spotted – don’t stop – hasn’t – understood.
(D) ‘ve spotted – don’t stop – hasn’t – understood.
(E) spot – hasn’t stopped – didn’t – understand.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - TEMPOS E FORMAS VERBAIS ADEQUADAS AO CONTEXTO
:
Mark the alternative that completes the gaps correctly, in the order they appear in the text.
(A) ’ve spotted – hasn’t stopped – didn’t – understand.
(B) spotdidn’t stopdon’t – understand.
(C) spotteddon’t stophasn’t understood.
(D) ‘ve spotted – don’t stophasn’tunderstood.
(E) spot – hasn’t stopped – didn’t – understand.
If you’ve ever looked at an old photo, perhaps you’ve spotted that nobody ever seems to be smiling in them. (Cabe o Present Perfect).
*OK, so maybe it wasn’t that different to now after all, but that hasn’t stopped today’s modern photo subjects from baring their teeth in a grin regardless. (Cabe o Present Perfect na forma negativa).
*First off, people were scared of photographs. It was a new technology that people didn’t really understand, and probably could have seemed a bit like a trip to the dentist. (Cabe o tempo verbal Simple Past com uso do auxiliar "didn't" e verbo na base form "understand".)

02 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Consider the following statements about the fact that people did not smile in old photos:

1. They were afraid of taking pictures.
2. Personal teeth hygiene was poor.
3. Insanity was related to bright smiles.
4. Frowning faces were socially accepted.

Mark the correct alternative.
(A) Only statement 4 is correct.
(B) Only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
(C) Only statements 3 and 4 are correct 
(D) Only statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
(E) Statements 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
Consider the following statements about the fact that people did not smile in old photos:
Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre o fato de as pessoas não sorrirem em fotos antigas:
1. They were afraid of taking pictures. Eles tinham medo de tirar fotos. (CORRETA)
2. Personal teeth hygiene was poor. A higiene pessoal dos dentes era deficiente. (CORRETA)
3. Insanity was related to bright smiles. A insanidade estava relacionada a sorrisos brilhantes. (CORRETA)
4. Frowning faces were socially accepted. Rostos carrancudos eram socialmente aceitos.(ERRADA)

03 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that presents a characteristic of how things were in the past.
(A) Wars between countries were over.
(B) Mental problems were quite common.
(C) People did not have much money.
(D) Professional photographers were on the rise.
(E) There was a slight falling-off in environmental problems.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
Mark the alternative that presents a characteristic of how things were in the past.
Marque a alternativa que apresenta uma característica de como as coisas eram no passado.
(A) Wars between countries were over. As guerras entre países terminaram.
(B) Mental problems were quite common. Problemas psíquicos eram bastante comuns.
(C) People did not have much moneyAs pessoas não tinham muito dinheiro.
(D) Professional photographers were on the rise. Os fotógrafos profissionais estavam em ascensão (aumentando).
(E) There was a slight falling-off in environmental problems. Houve uma ligeira inclinação (queda) na problemática ambiental.

04 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that can substitute the underlined and in bold type word without changing the meaning of the sentence.
(A) As a result.
(B) So.
(C) While.
(D) Although.
(E) Besides.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - MARCADORES DE DISCURSO
:
Mark the alternative that can substitute the underlined and in bold type word without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Marque a alternativa que pode substituir a palavra sublinhada e em negrito sem alterar o sentido da frase.
(A) As a result. Como resultado.
(B) So. Então.
(C) While. Enquanto.
(D) Although. Embora.
(E) Besides. Além disso.

❑ TRADUÇÃO:
People ‘Never Smiled In Old Photos’ For Some Very Bizarre Reasons
As pessoas ‘nunca sorriram em fotos antigas’ por alguns motivos muito bizarros

If you’ve ever looked at an old photo, perhaps you ____________ that nobody ever seems to be smiling in them. Se você já olhou uma foto antiga, talvez ____________ que ninguém parece estar sorrindo nelas.

Did you ever wonder why that is? Você já se perguntou por que isso acontece?

Times were hard back in the day and there wasn’t much to smile about. Os tempos eram difíceis naquela época e não havia muito o que sorrir.

Money was tight, the world was a blackened and polluted mess and stood on the brink of global conflict. O dinheiro era pouco, o mundo era uma bagunça enegrecida e poluída e estava à beira de um conflito global.

OK, so maybe it wasn’t that different to now after all, but that _______________ today’s modern photo subjects from baring their teeth in a grin regardless. Tudo bem, talvez não fosse tão diferente de agora, mas _______________ os temas fotográficos modernos de hoje mostram os dentes em um sorriso de qualquer maneira.

First off, people were scared of photographs. It was a new technology that people ________ really ___________, and probably could have seemed a bit like a trip to the dentist. Em primeiro lugar, as pessoas tinham medo de fotografias. Era uma nova tecnologia que as pessoas ________ realmente ___________, e provavelmente poderia ter parecido uma ida ao dentista.

Furthermore, beauty standards were different back then. Having a small mouth was actually a desirable thing – which brings us onto another problem – dental hygiene wasn’t quite what it is today. Além disso, os padrões de beleza eram diferentes naquela época. Ter uma boca pequena era na verdade algo desejável – o que nos leva a outro problema – a higiene dentária não era bem o que é hoje.

Another thing you’d want to avoid was looking like you had some sort of mental illness. Outra coisa que você gostaria de evitar era parecer que tinha algum tipo de doença mental.

Having a wide smile was construed as a symptom of ‘madness’ back in the day, whereas standing still and emotionless wasn’t at all weird. Ter um sorriso largo era interpretado como um sintoma de “loucura” antigamente, ao passo que ficar parado e sem emoção não era nada estranho.

Lastly, there’s the simple operational reason that photographs just took ages to take back in the olden days. Por último, há a simples razão operacional de que antigamente as fotografias demoravam muito para serem tiradas.

From front to back, taking a picture on an old camera could have taken up to 15 minutes, meaning that holding the one facial position rather than your resting face would probably end up getting a bit painful and tedious after a bit. De frente para trás, tirar uma foto com uma câmera antiga poderia levar até 15 minutos, o que significa que manter a posição facial em vez do rosto em repouso provavelmente acabaria se tornando um pouco doloroso e tedioso depois de um tempo.

05 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Consider the following text:

South Africans who shop online are unhappy with high delivery fees and are rebelling by switching to online retailers with cheaper or free shipping, or just abandoning their carts when they see how much shipping will cost.
(Available in: https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica.)

The key factor South Africans are not satisfied with online shopping is:
(A) The prices of products that are unaffordable to ordinary people.
(B) The charges people have to pay for getting the products they buy.
(C) Carts that are bought and cannot be taken everywhere.
(D) Retailers who sell their goods and are not making enough money.
(E) Cars that have been used for carrying goods that are being put aside.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
The key factor South Africans are not satisfied with online shopping is:
O principal fator que os sul-africanos não estão satisfeitos com as compras online é:
(A) The prices of products that are unaffordable to ordinary people. Os preços dos produtos que são inacessíveis para as pessoas comuns.
(B) The charges people have to pay for getting the products they buy. Os encargos que as pessoas têm que pagar para obter os produtos que compram.
(C) Carts that are bought and cannot be taken everywhere. Carrinhos que são comprados e não podem ser levados para todos os lugares.
(D) Retailers who sell their goods and are not making enough money. Varejistas que vendem seus produtos e não ganham dinheiro suficiente.
(E) Cars that have been used for carrying goods that are being put aside. Carros que foram utilizados para transporte de mercadorias que estão sendo guardadas.

❑ TEXTO: The following text refers to questions 06 to 08.

An 18-year-old Austrian girl has sued her parents for allegedly posting pictures, including embarrassing and intimate images from her childhood, on Facebook without her consent, media reported.

The girl claimed that the parents made her life miserable as they have posted 500 pictures of her since 2009 on the social networking site. The photos were shared on Facebook with her parents’ 700 friends.

The shared images include baby pictures of her having her nappy changed and later potty-training pictures, thelocal.at reported.

“They knew no shame and no limit and didn’t care whether it was a picture of me sitting on the toilet or lying naked in my cot – every stage was photographed and then made public,” the girl was quoted as saying.

Despite her requests, they have refused to delete the photos, prompting her to sue them, she said, adding that her father believes that since he took the photos he has the right to publish the images.

If it can be proven that the images have violated her rights to a personal life, then her parents may lose the case, noted Michael Rami, the girl’s lawyer.

This is the first case of its kind in Austria, but based on similar cases abroad the girl parents may have to pay some financial compensation for her pain and suffering, and will also be liable for her legal costs, Rami added.
(Available in: https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally.)

06 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
According to the text, it is correct to say that a girl from Austria:
(A) pursued legal proceedings against her parents.
(B) decided to post pictures when she was a child on Facebook.
(C) agreed with her parents’ opinions about her photos.
(D) had no idea she had been exposed on the internet.
(E) did not have the chance of asking her parents to remove the information on the site.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
According to the text, it is correct to say that a girl from Austria:
Segundo o texto, é correto dizer que uma garota da Áustria:
(A) pursued legal proceedings against her parentsintentou uma ação judicial contra os seus pais.
(B) decided to post pictures when she was a child on Facebook. decidiu postar fotos quando criança no Facebook.
(C) agreed with her parents’ opinions about her photos. concordou com a opinião dos pais sobre suas fotos.
(D) had no idea she had been exposed on the internet. não tinha ideia de que havia sido exposta na internet.
(E) did not have the chance of asking her parents to remove the information on the site. não teve oportunidade de pedir aos pais que retirassem as informações do site.

07 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
According to the text, consider the following situations:

1. Learning to use a toilet.
2. Being in the cradle with no clothes.
3. Weeping.
4. Running around the house with no diapers.

The parents have included photographs of situation(s):
(A) 3 only.
(B) 1 and 2 only.
(C) 2 and 4 only.
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only.
(E) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
According to the text, consider the following situations:
De acordo com o texto, considere as seguintes situações:
1. Learning to use a toilet. Aprendendo a usar o banheiro.
2. Being in the cradle with no clothes. Estar no berço sem roupa.
3. Weeping. Chorando.
4. Running around the house with no diapers. Correr pela casa sem fraldas.

The parents have included photographs of situation(s):
Os pais incluíram fotografias da(s) situação(ões):
(A) 3 only.
(B) 1 and 2 only.
(C) 2 and 4 only.
(D) 1, 3 and 4 only.
(E) 1, 2, 3 and 4.

08 – (UFPR-CAMPO REAL-2022-2º VESTIBULAR DE MEDICINA)
Mark the alternative that presents the adequate title for the text.
(A) Austrian girl gets financial compensation for her suffering in the past
(B) Parents and daughter come to an agreement about shared pictures
(C) Girl sues parents for sharing embarrassing childhood photos online
(D) Parents forgive daughter for the embarrassing situations they have been through
(E) Due to similar cases, Michael Rami decides to help Austrian girl
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
Mark the alternative that presents the adequate title for the text.
Marque a alternativa que apresenta o título adequado ao texto.
(A) Austrian girl gets financial compensation for her suffering in the past Uma menina austríaca recebe uma compensação financeira pelo seu sofrimento no passado
(B) Parents and daughter come to an agreement about shared pictures Pais e filha chegam a um acordo sobre fotos compartilhadas
(C) Girl sues parents for sharing embarrassing childhood photos online Menina processa pais por compartilharem fotos embaraçosas da infância online
(D) Parents forgive daughter for the embarrassing situations they have been through Os pais perdoam a filha pelas situações constrangedoras pelas quais passaram
(E) Due to similar cases, Michael Rami decides to help Austrian girl Devido a casos semelhantes, Michael Rami decide ajudar menina austríaca

❑ TRADUÇÃO:
An 18-year-old Austrian girl has sued her parents for allegedly posting pictures, including embarrassing and intimate images from her childhood, on Facebook without her consent, media reported. Uma jovem austríaca de 18 anos processou os seus pais por alegadamente publicarem fotografias, incluindo imagens embaraçosas e íntimas da sua infância, no Facebook sem o seu consentimento, informou a imprensa.

The girl claimed that the parents made her life miserable as they have posted 500 pictures of her since 2009 on the social networking site. The photos were shared on Facebook with her parents’ 700 friends. A garota alegou que os pais tornaram sua vida miserável, pois postaram 500 fotos dela desde 2009 na rede social. As fotos foram compartilhadas no Facebook com os 700 amigos de seus pais.

The shared images include baby pictures of her having her nappy changed and later potty-training pictures, thelocal.at reported. As imagens compartilhadas incluem fotos de bebê dela trocando a fralda e, posteriormente, fotos de treinamento para usar o penico, informou thelocal.at.

“They knew no shame and no limit and didn’t care whether it was a picture of me sitting on the toilet or lying naked in my cot – every stage was photographed and then made public,” the girl was quoted as saying. “Eles não conheciam vergonha nem limites e não se importavam se era uma foto minha sentada no vaso sanitário ou deitada nua em minha cama – cada etapa foi fotografada e depois tornada pública”, disse a garota.

Despite her requests, they have refused to delete the photos, prompting her to sue them, she said, adding that her father believes that since he took the photos he has the right to publish the images. Apesar dos seus pedidos, eles recusaram-se a apagar as fotos, o que a levou a processá-los, disse ela, acrescentando que o seu pai acredita que, uma vez que tirou as fotos, tem o direito de publicá-las.

If it can be proven that the images have violated her rights to a personal life, then her parents may lose the case, noted Michael Rami, the girl’s lawyer. Se for provado que as imagens violaram os seus direitos à vida pessoal, então os seus pais poderão perder o caso, observou Michael Rami, o advogado da garota.

This is the first case of its kind in Austria, but based on similar cases abroad the girl parents may have to pay some financial compensation for her pain and suffering, and will also be liable for her legal costs, Rami added. Este é o primeiro caso deste tipo na Áustria, mas com base em casos semelhantes no estrangeiro, os pais das meninas poderão ter de pagar alguma compensação financeira pela sua dor e sofrimento, e também serão responsáveis pelas suas custas judiciais, acrescentou Rami.

 teste