NCE/UFRJ-ELETROBRAS-2007-Concurso Público para Nível Superior(vários cargos) da ELETROBRAS(Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-NCE/UFRJ-2007 da ELETROBRAS(Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A)-Cargo:Analista-Prova aplicada em 09/2007.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 40 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com

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[a] Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 
NCE-UFRJ (Núcleo de Computação Eletrônica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) 

www.nce.ufrj.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

👉40 Questões.
👉Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

👉Use of english(uso do inglês).
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[c]Dictionary:

Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
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🔄 VERBS :
➽[to )
🔄 PHRASAL VERBS :

➽[to end up in➝ "acabar em algum lugar"]
"[...] The plastic bag you bring home from the supermarket probably ends up in a landfill."
(A sacola plástica que você leva para casa do supermercado provavelmente acaba em um aterro sanitário.)
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➽[to take up to ➝ "durar", "levar até"]
"[...] They are typically made of polyethylene and can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade in landfills that emit harmful greenhouse gases."
(Elas geralmente são feitas de polietileno e podem levar até 1.000 anos para biodegradar em aterros que emitem gases nocivos do efeito estufa.)
➽[make up → pode ser "constituir" ou "decidir" ou "maquiar" ou "arrumar(uma cama)" ou "inventar"(desculpa,história).
*The committee is made up of representatives from all the university.(make up ➝ "constituir")
*You must make up what you owe before the end of the month.(make up ➝ "decidir")
*She never goes without making herself up first.(make up ➝ "maquiar-se")
*I can make up a bed for you on the floor.(make up ➝ "arrumar")
*He made up an incredible story about his holiday.(make up ➝ "inventar")

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽["]
🔄 MODAL VERBS: Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[we can do ➝ "podemos fazer", "agente pode fazer"]
"[...] Here are things we can do to help reduce global warming.
(Aqui estão as coisas que agente pode fazer para ajudar a reduzir o aquecimento global)
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➽[we can reduce ➝ "podemos reduzir", "agente pode diminuir"]
"[...] We can reduce that number by buying more recycled paper."
(Podemos reduzir esse número comprando mais papel reciclado.)   
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➽[."]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➽["]
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽[garbage(Garbédji) ➝ "lixo"]
➽[hut(rrát) ➝ "cabana", "choupana", "barraca"]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas :
➽["]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
➽[]
🔄 Pronomes Relativos(who, which, whom, that) :
➽[.]
🔄 Coordination Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so):
➽["]
🔄 Subordination Conjunctions (however/nonetheless/nevertheless/notwithstanding)-(although/though/even though)-(as if/as though)-(as/so long as/provided that)-(despite/in spite of)-(as)-(once)-(otherwise)-(unless)-(untill)-(when/by the time)-(whenever)-(whereas)-(while)-(so that/so as to/in order that/in order to)-(since):
➽[)
🔄 Correlative Conjunctions(not only...but also, both...and, as...as, either...or, wheter...or, neither...nor) :
➽["]
🔄 Preposition (in ➜ mês), (on ➜ dia/data), (at➜ hora/momento específico: at night, at midnight, at lunchtime) :
➽["]
🔄 Passive Voice: Verbo TO BE(no tempo verbal contextual)+VP no particípio passado. :

➽["]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➽[)
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
➽[a bamboo fence ➝ "Plante uma cerca de bambu"]
➽[a cloth bag ➝ "um saco de pano"]
➽[biodegradable plantbased materials ➝ "materiais biodegradáveis à base de plantas"]
➽[plastic-bag pollution ➝ "poluição de sacolas plásticas"]
🔄IF-CLAUSE:
➽["]
🔄 Eenvironmental English - Vocábulos ou Expressões Técnicas na ÁREA DE MEIO AMBIENTE :
➽[a carbon sink ➝ "um dissipador de carbono"]
➽[global warming ➝ "aquecimento global"]
greenhouse gases
➽[greenhouse ➝ "estufa"]
➽[greenhouse gases ➝ "gases de efeito estufa"]
➽[landfill ➝ "aterro sanitário", "aterro de lixo"]
"[...] The plastic bag you bring home from the supermarket probably ends up in a landfill."
(A sacola plástica que você leva para casa do supermercado provavelmente acaba em um aterro sanitário.)
➽[plastic bags ➝ "sacos de plástico"]
"[...] Just say no to plastic bags!"
🔄 Comparativos (superioridade) :
➽[a]

🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade) ➜ relação de posse , parentesco ou autoria. :

➽["]
🔄 Afixos :
➽[]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[less than 3% of those ➝ "menos de 3% dessas"]
"[...] Every year more than 500 billion plastic bags are distributed and less than 3% of those bags are recycled."
(Todos os anos, mais de 500 bilhões de sacolas plásticas são distribuídas e menos de 3% dessas sacolas são recicladas.)
🔄Questions:
➽["]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[]

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Agora vamos à prova.

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TEXT

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READ TEXT I AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 31 TO 45:
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TEXT I

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Here are things we can do to help reduce global warming:
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Just say no to plastic bags
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The plastic bag you bring home from the supermarket probably ends up in a landfill. Every year more than 500 billion plastic bags are distributed and less than 3% of those bags are recycled. They are typically made of polyethylene and can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade in landfills that emit harmful greenhouse gases. Reducing your contribution to plastic-bag pollution is as simple as using a cloth bag (or one made of biodegradable plantbased materials) instead of wasting plastic ones. (p.70)
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Plant a bamboo fence
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Bamboo makes a beautiful fence, and because it grows so quickly (as much as 30 cms a day or more, depending on the species), it absorbs more CO2 than, say, a rosebush.
Most homeowners have to restrict its growth, lest it get out of control. Do this, however, and you reduce bamboo's capacity as a carbon sink.(p.71)
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End the paper chase
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Americans recycled 38 million tons of paper last year – 50% of what they used – but still pulverized the rest. Paper does grow on trees: 900 million of them every year become pulp and paper. We can reduce that number by buying more recycled paper. It uses 60% less energy than virgin paper. Each ton purchased saved 4,400 kW-h of energy, 30,000 liters of water and 19 trees, and a tree has the capacity to filter up to 27 kg of pollutants from the air.(p.74)
adapted from Time Magazine, April 9, 2007, pp.70-74)
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👉 Questão  31 :
According to the text, plastic bags should be:
(A) used;
(B) manufactured;
(C) burnt;
(D) avoided;
(E) sold.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
De acordo com o texto, os sacos plásticos devem ser:
*Alternativa (A): used(usados);
*Alternativa (B): manufactured(fabricados);
*Alternativa (C): burnt(queimados);
*Alternativa (D): avoided(evitados);
*Alternativa (E): sold(vendidos).
"[...] They are typically made of polyethylene and can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade in landfills that emit harmful greenhouse gases."
(Eles geralmente são feitos de polietileno e podem levar até 1.000 anos para biodegradar em aterros que emitem gases nocivos do efeito estufa.)
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👉 Questão  32 :
A landfill is a place for:
(A) making cement;
(B) disposing garbage;
(C) building homes;
(D) parking cars;
(E) buying food.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
A landfill is a place for:
*Alternativa (A): making cement(fazer cimento)
*Alternativa (B): disposing garbage(colocar lixo)
*Alternativa (C): building homes(construir casas)
*Alternativa (D): parking cars(estacionar carros)
*Alternativa (E): buying food(comprar alimento)
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👉 Questão  33 :
In "500 billion plastic bags are distributed" (ll.3-4) the underlined verb can be replaced by:
(A) made up;
(B) put out;
(C) torn up;
(D) handed out;
(E) found out.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - VOCÁBULOS E PHRASAL VERBS CONTEXTUAIS SINÔNIMOS :
*Alternativa (A): made up(são constituídas)
*Alternativa (B): put out(são apagadas)
*Alternativa (C): torn up(são rasgadas)
*Alternativa (D): handed out(são distribuídas)
*Alternativa (E): found out(são encontradas)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL : to distribute ➝ hand out(rrénDáut)(distribuir).
"[...] Every year more than 500 billion plastic bags are distributed and less than 3% of those bags are recycled."
(Todos os anos, mais de 500 bilhões de sacolas plásticas SÃO DISTRIBUÍDAS e menos de 3% dessas sacolas são recicladas.)
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👉 Questão  34 :
The underlined word in "instead of wasting plastic ones" (l.10) introduces a(n):
(A) alternative;
(B) addition;
(C) hypothesis;
(D) denial;
(E) concession.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - PREPOSITION: instead of (em vez de) :
*Alternativa (A): alternative(alternativa)
*Alternativa (B): addition(adição)
*Alternativa (C): hypothesis(hipótese)
*Alternativa (D): denial(negação)
*Alternativa (E): concession(conclusão)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: instead of(em vez de) ➝ "ideia de alternativa".
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👉 Questão  35 :
The word that can best replace "fence"in "Plant a bamboo fence" (l.11) is:
(A) forest;
(B) tree;
(C) hedge;
(D) garden;
(E) hut.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
*Alternativa (A): forest((floresta)
*Alternativa (B): tree(árvore)
*Alternativa (C): hedge(cerca, barreira)
*Alternativa (D): garden(jardim)
*Alternativa (E): hut(cabana)
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👉 Questão  36 :
Because in “because it grows so quickly” (ll.12-13) has the same meaning as:
(A) so;
(B) but;
(C) although;
(D) however;
(E) as.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  37 :
The underlined word in "than, say, a rosebush"(l.14) signals a:
(A) speech;
(B) example;
(C) quotation;
(D) surprise;
(E) question.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  38 :
growth (l.15) is to grow as:
(A) angry is to anger;
(B) quick is to quickly;
(C) fate is to faith;
(D) response is to respond;
(E) fly is to flew.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) angry is to anger;
(B) quick is to quickly;
(C) fate is to faith;
(D) response is to respond;

(E) fly is to flew.
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👉 Questão  39 :
lest in “lest it get out of control” (ll.15-16) is a(n): (A) conjunction;
(B) adverb;
(C) noun;
(D) adjective;
(E) verb.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) conjunction;
(B) adverb;
(C) noun;
(D) adjective;

(E) verb.
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👉 Questão  40 :
In “Do this” (l.16) the author means:
(A) grow bamboo;
(B) control the plant;
(C) cultivate roses;
(D) build fences;
(E) reduce CO2.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) grow bamboo;
(B) control the plant;
(C) cultivate roses;
(D) build fences;

(E) reduce CO2.
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👉 Questão  41 :
Reduce in “We can reduce that number” (l.22) can be replaced by:
(A) cut down;
(B) cut in;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut across;
(E) cut for.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) cut down;
(B) cut in;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut across;

(E) cut for.
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👉 Questão  42 :
The title End the paper chase (l.18) implies too many people are still:
(A) going for virgin paper;
(B) looking for recycled paper;
(C) going into recycling industry;
(D) going against planting trees;
(E) looking after the forests.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) going for virgin paper;
(B) looking for recycled paper;
(C) going into recycling industry;
(D) going against planting trees;

(E) looking after the forests.
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👉 Questão  43 :
In the last section, the text says that:
(A) Americans recycle all the paper used;
(B) Half the paper Americans use is recycled;
(C) Today’s paper recycling is enough;
(D) Recycling destroys 900 million trees;
(E) Americans should use more virgin paper.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) Americans recycle all the paper used;
(B) Half the paper Americans use is recycled;
(C) Today’s paper recycling is enough;
(D) Recycling destroys 900 million trees;

(E) Americans should use more virgin paper.
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👉 Questão  44 :
The word “End” (l.18) in the title is a:
(A) noun;
(B) adjective;
(C) verb;
(D) adjunct;
(E) adverb.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) noun;
(B) adjective;
(C) verb;
(D) adjunct;

(E) adverb.
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👉 Questão  45 :
The function of the underlined word in “Paper does grow on trees “ (l.20) indicates:
(A) doubt;
(B) surprise;
(C) opposition;
(D) emphasis;
(E) suspense.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) doubt;
(B) surprise;
(C) opposition;
(D) emphasis;

(E) suspense.
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READ TEXT II AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 46 TO 53:
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TEXT II

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Brazil gives Amazon dams go-ahead
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By Gary Duffy
BBC News, São Paulo
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Brazil has given the initial go-ahead for the construction of two hydro-electric dams to be built on the longest tributary of the Amazon River.

The Madeira River projects have divided opinion even within government and in recent years have been one of the most environmentally sensitive issues. The river is said to have one of the most diverse fish stocks in the world.

Environmentalists fear they could be threatened by the development of the dams costing billions of dollars. Such have been the sensitivities surrounding this decision that Brazil's environmental agency Ibama took two years to reach this initial conclusion and even now has attached 33 conditions to the project.

The project still needs final approval before any work can go ahead.
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(http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-2/hi/americas/6286804.stm., retrieved on July 11th, 2007)
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👉 Questão  46 :
The title implies the government has:
(A) proposed an interruption;
(B) signaled some danger;
(C) damned the construction;
(D) gone beyond the limits;
(E) given the green light.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) proposed an interruption;
(B) signaled some danger;
(C) damned the construction;
(D) gone beyond the limits;

(E) given the green light.
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👉 Questão  47 :
Opinions on the issue discussed in the text are said to be:
(A) conclusive;
(B) consensual;
(C) conflicting;
(D) confidential;
(E) considerate.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) conclusive;
(B) consensual;
(C) conflicting;
(D) confidential;

(E) considerate.
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👉 Questão  48 :
The text states that the construction of the dams is: (A) inadequate;
(B) on hold;
(C) redundant;
(D) outdated;
(E) out of control.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) inadequate;
(B) on hold;
(C) redundant;
(D) outdated;

(E) out of control.
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👉 Questão  49 :
the longest in “on the longest tributary” (l.2) is the opposite of the:
(A) shortest;
(B) widest;
(C) largest;
(D) broadest;
(E) deepest.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) shortest;
(B) widest;
(C) largest;
(D) broadest;

(E) deepest.
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👉 Questão  50 :
sensitive in “the most environmentally sensitive issues” means:
(A) sensible;
(B) correct;
(C) delicate;
(D) simple;
(E) adequate.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) sensible;
(B) correct;
(C) delicate;
(D) simple;

(E) adequate.
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👉 Questão  51 :
The underlined word in “They could be threatened” (l.9) refers to: 5
(A) hydro-electric dams;
(B) projects;
(C) environmentalists;
(D) fish stocks;
(E) 33 conditions.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) hydro-electric dams;
(B) projects;
(C) environmentalists;
(D) fish stocks;

(E) 33 conditions.
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👉 Questão  52 :
The underlined verb in “could be threatened” (l.9) implies:
(A) improbability;
(B) certainty;
(C) prohibition;
(D) possibility;
(E) permission.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) improbability;
(B) certainty;
(C) prohibition;
(D) possibility;

(E) permission.
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👉 Questão  53 :
still in “The project still needs” (l.15) has the same meaning as in:
(A) He was looking at a still life;
(B) He was sitting still before her;
(C) They were still there when I arrived;
(D) The man was standing quite still;
(E) The car came to a definite still.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) He was looking at a still life;
(B) He was sitting still before her;
(C) They were still there when I arrived;
(D) The man was standing quite still;

(E) The car came to a definite still.
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READ TEXT III AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 54 TO 57: 
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TEXT III

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ETHANOL TODAY

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Ethanol is made from crops that absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. This carbon cycle maintains the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere when using ethanol as a fuel.

It costs more to produce ethanol than gasoline, but federal and state tax advantages make ethanol use competitive in the marketplace. As new technologies for producing ethanol from all parts of plants and trees become available and economical, the production and use of ethanol should increase dramatically.(fromhttp://www.need.org/needpdf/infobook_activities/SecInfo/BiomassS. pdf , retrieved on July 12th 2007)
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👉 Questão  54 :
The text says that, as compared to the production of gasoline, producing ethanol is: Organização: Núcleo de Computação Eletrônica
(A) cheaper;
(B) more expensive;
(C) less costly;
(D) more affordable;
(E) not as dear.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) cheaper;
(B) more expensive;
(C) less costly;
(D) more affordable;

(E) not as dear.
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👉 Questão  55 :
According to the text, the government’s position in relation to ethanol is one of:
(A) rejection;
(B) indifference;
(C) tolerance;
(D) indecision;
(E) support.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) rejection;
(B) indifference;
(C) tolerance;
(D) indecision;

(E) support.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  56 :
The text ends with a(n):
(A) prediction;
(B) advice;
(C) suggestion;
(D) permission;
(E) warning.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) prediction;
(B) advice;
(C) suggestion;
(D) permission;

(E) warning.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  57 :
The underlined expression in “give off oxygen” (l.2) can be replaced by:
(A) control;
(B) stop;
(C) reduce;
(D) release;
(E) pollute.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) control;
(B) stop;
(C) reduce;
(D) release;

(E) pollute.
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READ TEXT IV AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 58 TO 62:
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TEXT IV

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BIODIESEL BENEFITS

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Because little fossil energy is required to move biodiesel, it is a substitute or extender for traditional petroleum diesel, and special pumps or high pressure equipment for fueling are not needed.

In addition, it can be used in conventional diesel engines, so special vehicles or engines to run biodiesel do not need to be purchased. However, users should always consult with the OEM and engine warranty statement before using biodiesel.

Scientists believe carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases contributing to global warming… Biodiesel also produces fewer particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide emissions (all air pollutants under the Clean Air Act).

Since biodiesel can be used in conventional diesel engines, the renewable fuel can directly replace petroleum products, reducing the country’s dependence on imported oil.
(from http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/altfuel/bio_benefits.html, retrieved on July 12th, 2007)
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👉 Questão  58 :
In relation to biodiesel, the two first sentences point out its:
(A) dangers;
(B) waste;
(C) advantages;
(D) insignificance;
(E) disadvantages.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) dangers;
(B) waste;
(C) advantages;
(D) insignificance;

(E) disadvantages.
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👉 Questão  59 :
The opposite of “little” in “little fossil energy is required” (l.1) is:
(A) much;
(B) great;
(C) none;
(D) big;
(E) many.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) much;
(B) great;
(C) none;
(D) big;

(E) many.
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👉 Questão  60 :
In addition (l.4) can be replaced by:
(A) supposedly;
(B) besides;
(C) accidentally;
(D) hardly;
(E) beside.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) supposedly;
(B) besides;
(C) accidentally;
(D) hardly;

(E) beside.
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👉 Questão  61 :
In what regards global warming, carbon dioxide can: (A) replace it;
(B) lessen it;
(C) harm it;
(D) eliminate it;
(E) produce it.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) replace it;
(B) lessen it;
(C) harm it;
(D) eliminate it;

(E) produce it.
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👉 Questão  62 :
since in “ Since biodiesel can be used” (l.14) indicates:
(A) continuation;
(B) change;
(C) reason;
(D) duration;
(E) purpose.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) continuation;
(B) change;
(C) reason;
(D) duration;

(E) purpose.
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READ TEXT V AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 63 TO 70:
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TEXT V

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Hydroelectric power's dirty secret revealed
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Contrary to popular belief, hydroelectric power can seriously damage the climate. Proposed changes to the way countries' climate budgets are calculated aim to take greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower reservoirs into account, but some experts worry that they will not go far enough.

The green image of hydro power as a benign alternative to fossil fuels is false, says Éric Duchemin, a consultant for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). "Everyone thinks hydro is very clean, but this is not the case," he says. 

Hydroelectric dams produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, and in some cases produce more of these greenhouse gases than power plants running on fossil fuels. Carbon emissions vary from dam to dam, says Philip Fearnside from Brazil's National Institute for Research in the Amazon in Manaus. "But we do know that there are enough emissions to worry about."

In a study to be published in Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Fearnside estimates that in 1990 the greenhouse effect of emissions from the CuruáUna dam in Pará, Brazil, was more than three-and-a-half times what would have been produced by generating the same amount of electricity from oil.

This is because large amounts of carbon tied up in trees and other plants are released when the reservoir is initially flooded and the plants rot. Then after this first pulse of decay, plant matter settling on the reservoir's bottom decomposes without oxygen, resulting in a build-up of dissolved methane. This is released into the atmosphere when water passes through the dam's turbines.
(from http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7046 , retrieved on July 12th, 2007)
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👉 Questão  63 :
In this text, the author:
(A) asks for international intervention;
(B) offers a new perspective on the issue;
(C) supports popular belief;
(D) denies scientific research;
(E) favors hydroelectric power fully.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) asks for international intervention;
(B) offers a new perspective on the issue;
(C) supports popular belief;
(D) denies scientific research;

(E) favors hydroelectric power fully.
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👉 Questão  64 :
The study mentioned in the text focuses the:
(A) obstacles to research;
(B) location of dams;
(C) effects of hydropower;
(D) economy of Brazil;
(E) refinement of oil.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) obstacles to research;
(B) location of dams;
(C) effects of hydropower;
(D) economy of Brazil;

(E) refinement of oil.
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👉 Questão  65 :
The article presents a topic which is:
(A) surprising;
(B) dogmatic;
(C) negotiable;
(D) sordid;
(E) irrelevant.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) surprising;
(B) dogmatic;
(C) negotiable;
(D) sordid;

(E) irrelevant.
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👉 Questão  66 :
damage in “can seriously damage” (ll.1-2) signifies:
(A) decompose;
(B) help;
(C) replace;
(D) harm;
(E) enhance.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) decompose;
(B) help;
(C) replace;
(D) harm;

(E) enhance.
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👉 Questão  67 :
The expression “take into account” in “ take greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower reservoirs into account” (ll.3-4) means:
(A) disregard;
(B) exclude;
(C) benefit;
(D) consider;
(E) impair.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) disregard;
(B) exclude;
(C) benefit;
(D) consider;

(E) impair.
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👉 Questão  68 :
The opposite of “clean” in “is very clean” (l.9) is:
(A) dense;
(B) dirty;
(C) bright;
(D) menacing;
(E) rich.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) dense;
(B) dirty;
(C) bright;
(D) menacing;

(E) rich.
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👉 Questão  69 :
rot in “the plants rot” (l.26) has the same meaning of:
(A) bloom;
(B) flourish;
(C) contaminate;
(D) grow;
(E) deteriorate.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) bloom;
(B) flourish;
(C) contaminate;
(D) grow;

(E) deteriorate.
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👉 Questão  70 :
The opposite of “bottom” in “the reservoir’s bottom” (l.27) is:
(A) side;
(B) depth;
(C) height;
(D) top;
(E) margin.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) side;
(B) depth;
(C) height;
(D) top;

(E) margin.
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PROVA DISCURSIVA
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Questão 1
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In a special issue on global warming, the article opens with the following text:
WHAT NOW?
Our feverish planet badly needs a cure. Climate change is caused by a lot of things, and it will take a lot of people to fix it. There’s a role for big thinkers, power players, those with deep pockets – and the rest of us.
(Time, April 9, 2007. p. 42)
Explain who the four kind of people mentioned are. Espaço máximo para resposta: 10 linhas
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Questão 2
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Identify, discuss and solve the language problems you find in the following sentence:

The more common form of biomass is wood. For thousand of years the people burned wood for heat and cook.
(modified from http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/biomass.html, on July 12th, 2007)
Espaço máximo para resposta: 20 linhas
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Questão 3
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The paragraphs of the following text have been reshuffled and are not in the correct order. Rearrange them in a logical sequence, explaining the strategies you have used to do so.
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In addition to reducing the gases we emit to the atmosphere, we can also increase the amount of gases we take out of the atmosphere. Plants and trees absorb CO2 as they grow, "sequestering" carbon naturally. Increasing forestlands and making changes to the way we farm could increase the amount of carbon we're storing.

Researchers Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow at Princeton University have suggested one approach that they call "stabilization wedges." This means reducing GHG emissions from a variety of sources with technologies available in the next few decades, rather than relying on an enormous change in a single area. They suggest 7 wedges that could each reduce emissions, and all of them together could hold emissions at approximately current levels for the next 50 years, putting us on a potential path to stabilize around 500 ppm.

Some of these technologies have drawbacks, and different communities will make different decisions about how to power their lives, but the good news is that there are a variety of options to put us on a path toward a stable climate

Many people and governments are already working hard to cut greenhouse gases, and everyone can help.

There are many possible wedges, including improvements to energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy (so less energy has to be produced), and increases in wind and solar power, hydrogen produced from renewable sources, biofuels (produced from crops), natural gas, and nuclear power. There is also the potential to capture the carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels and store it underground—a process called "carbon sequestration."
(modified from http://green.nationalgeographic.com/environment/globalwarming/gw-solutions.html on July 31st, 2007) Espaço máximo para resposta: 30 linhas