PUC/SP – 2019 – VESTIBULAR INVERNO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-INVERNO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D, 02-B, 03-C

04-A, 05-B, 06-C

07-D, 08-C, 09-A

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Responda às questões de 01 a 09 de acordo com o texto abaixo

The drugs don't work: what happens after antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance is growing so fast that routine surgery could soon become impossible. But scientists are fighting back in the battle against infection

You essentially trick the bacteria’: Kim Lewis, one of two researchers who discovered teixobactin. Photograph: Adam Glanzman

1- The first antibiotic that didn’t work for Debbi Forsythe was trimethoprim. In March 2016, Forsythe, a genial primary care counsellor from Morpeth, Northumberland, contracted a urinary tract infection. UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year. So when Forsythe saw her GP, they prescribed the usual treatment: a three-day course of antibiotics. When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim.

2- Three days after that, Forsythe’s husband Pete came home to find his wife lying on the sofa, shaking, unable to call for help. He rushed her to A&E. She was put on a second antibiotic, gentamicin, and treated for sepsis, a complication of the infection that can be fatal if not treated quickly. The gentamicin didn’t work either. Doctors sent Forsythe’s blood for testing, but such tests can take days: bacteria must be grown in cultures, then tested against multiple antibiotics to find a suitable treatment. Five days after she was admitted to hospital, Forsythe was diagnosed with an infection of multi-drugresistant E coli, and given ertapenem, one of the so-called “last resort” antibiotics.

3- It worked. But damage from Forsythe’s episode has lingered and she lives in constant fear of an infection reoccurring. Six months after her collapse, she developed another UTI, resulting, again, in a hospital stay. “I’ve had to accept that I will no longer get back to where I was,” she says. “My daughter and son said they felt like they lost their mum, because I wasn’t who I used to be.” But Forsythe was fortunate. Sepsis currently kills more people in the UK than lung cancer, and the number is growing, as more of us develop infections immune to antibiotics.

4- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the process of bacteria (and yeasts and viruses) evolving defense mechanisms against the drugs we use to treat them – is progressing so quickly that the UN has called it a “global health emergency”. At least 2 million Americans contract drug-resistant infections every year. So-called “superbugs” spread rapidly, in part because some bacteria are able to borrow resistance genes from neighbouring species via a process called horizontal gene transfer. In 2013, researchers in China discovered E coli containing mcr-1, a gene resistant to colistin, a last-line antibiotic that, until recently, was considered too toxic for human use. Colistin-resistant infections have now been detected in at least 30 countries.

5- “In India and Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and countries in South America, the resistance problem is already endemic,” says Colin Garner, CEO of Antibiotic Research UK. In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined.

6- “We have a good chance of getting to a point where for a lot of people there are no [effective] antibiotics,” Daniel Berman, leader of the Global Health team at Nesta, told me. The threat is difficult to imagine. A world without antibiotics means returning to a time without organ transplants, without hip replacements, without many now-routine surgeries. It would mean millions more women dying in childbirth; make many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, impossible; and make even the smallest wound potentially lifethreatening. As Berman told me: “Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared.”

7- Bacteria are everywhere: in our bodies, in the air, in the soil, coating every surface in their sextillions. Many bacteria produce antibiotic compounds – exactly how many, we don’t know – probably as weapons in a microscopic battle for resources between different strains of bacteria that has been going on for billions of years. Because bacteria reproduce so quickly, they are able to evolve with astonishing speed. Introduce bacteria to a sufficiently weak concentration of an antibiotic and resistance can emerge within days. Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans.

(A common misconception is that people can become antibioticresistant. They don’t – the bacteria do.)
Oliver Franklin-Wallis Sun 24 Mar 2019

In: https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/mar/24/the-drugsdont-work-what-happens-after-antibiotics

01 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

According to the first paragraph, in the sentence

“When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim”,

the fragment passing blood means

a) urinating blood.
b) spitting blood and saliva.
c) sneezing blood with nasal mucus.
d) defecating feces with blood.

02 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Ainda no primeiro parágrafo, a sentença

“UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year”

significa que mais de 150 milhões de pessoas

a) contratam uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva todo o ano.
b) contraem uma infecção urinária todos os anos.
c) são encaminhadas para uma UTI todos os anos, devido a infecções.
d) contratam um conselheiro em cuidados básicos.

03 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo:

a) Forsythe está curada do problema, tendo se livrado das infecções recorrentes.
b) seis meses mais tarde, ela voltou ao hospital para tratar de um colapso nervoso.
c) embora tivesse tido uma recorrência da infecção, felizmente ela não teve sepse.
d) seu filho e sua filha acharam que ela voltaria ao que era antes.

04 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Assinale a alternativa que NÃO é mencionada no texto:

a) Em vinte anos, infecções resistentes a antibióticos matarão milhões de pessoas.
b) O desenvolvimento dos mecanismos de defesa das bactérias contra as drogas é muito rápido.
c) Tanto as bactérias como as pessoas podem se tornar resistentes a antibióticos.
d) Poderá chegar o dia em que cirurgias de rotina não poderão ser realizadas, por falta de antibióticos efetivos.

05 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

In the text, the initials/acronyms GP and A&E stand for, respectively

a) General Pediatrician and Activity and Emergency.
b) General Practitioner and Accident and Emergency.
c) Grand Prix and Aerobic Function and Exercises.
d) Gastroenterology Practitioner and Asylum and Exercise.

BIZU:

*GP = General Practitioner = Clínico Geral

*A&E = Accident and Emergengy = Pronto Socorro

06 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sexto parágrafo, outra maneira de dizer

“Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared”,

pode ser:

a) “Those of us who were following this closely are actually quite scared”.
b) “Those of us who followed this were actually quite scared.”
c) “Those of us who have been following this closely are actually quite scared”.
d) “Those of us who could follow this would have been actually quite scared.”

07 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No quinto parágrafo, no trecho

“In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined”,

a locução could kill pode ser substituída por:

a) should kill.
b) must kill.
c) would kill.
d) might kill.

BIZU:

*COULD KILL = MIGHT KILL (Contexto de POSSIBILIDADE).

08 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sétimo parágrafo, na sentença

“Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans”,

o pronome ITS refere-se a

a) resistance.
b) year.
c) penicillin.
d) humans.

09 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No segundo parágrafo, os termos

help, unable, bacteria e quickly,

no contexto, são respectivamente

a) substantivo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.
b) verbo – verbo – substantivo – advérbio.
c) substantivo – advérbio – substantivo – adjetivo.
d) verbo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.

PUC/SP – 2019 – VESTIBULAR VERÃO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR-VERÃO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).

➧ GABARITO:

01-B, 02-D, 03-C

04-C, 05-A, 06-B

07-D, 08-A, 09-B

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Responda às questões de 01 a 09 de acordo com o texto abaixo

The key trends that will shape renewable energy in 2018 and beyond

A man cleans a solar panel installed on his rooftop for free by the government in China. Image: REUTERS/Stringer (12 Jan)

When clean energy first made headway in the global scenario, questions were raised about how stable and scalable it was. At a macro level, unstable policies for powering future growth were exacerbated by technological immaturity and lack of funding. Nevertheless, clean energy installations continued to grow, albeit slowly, until a dramatic leap a few years ago.

An unprecedented drop in the cost of producing clean energy has occurred in the last couple of years. It is becoming the cheapest source of power for more and more countries.These heady declines in cost are likely to continue over the next decade.Given its increasing affordability, the applications and use cases of renewable energy have broadened. Alongside electricity production, it is providing new solutions for mobility and energy security worldwide. 

The electric vehicle market is growing rapidly, with China leading the way, and European and American markets following suit. Countries like India are already targeting complete electrification of its vehicular fleet by 2030. The affordability and widespread use of electric vehicles is being driven in part by falling battery costs. These enable further energy stability solutions, including wind-solar hybrid generation.

Today, a fifth of the world’s electricity is produced by renewable energy. In 2016, there were 160GW of clean energy installations globally. This is 10% more than in 2015, but they cost almost a quarter less. New solar power gave the biggest boost, providing half of all new capacity, followed by wind power, which provided a third, and hydropower, which gave 15%. It was the first year in history that added solar capacity outstripped any other electricity-producing technology.

Careful protectionism or liberalisation of the renewables sector – according to each country’s
requirements – is necessary so as not to harm sector
growth in the long run. There must be a balance between fair competition on the one hand, and incentives for companies to focus on development on the other hand, while gaining good returns on their investments. Governments must focus on technology and manufacturing commitments that support clean energy.

Renewable energy is a global phenomenon on the upswing. For the foreseeable future, its growth is set to accelerate. But we have to ensure that progress is made in the right way. Our priorities and decisions now will determine how future societies benefit.

Fonte <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/clean-energyrenewablegrowth-sustainable-key-trends/> (adaptado)

01 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

According to the first paragraph, when clean energy initially emerged in the world scenario,

a) it was disregarded as too unstable to really solve the world's energy problems.
b) people were uncertain about the possibilities and stability of these new sources of power.
c) technological immaturity and uncertainty inhibited stronger funding applications.
d) new macroeconomic policies were immediately created to promote its development.

02 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

O trecho do primeiro parágrafo

"Nevertheless, clean energy installations continued to grow, albeit slowly, until a dramatic leap a few years ago"

corresponde, em sentido, à alternativa:

a) Nunca antes instalações de energia limpa cresceram tão drasticamente, quanto até poucos anos atrás.
b) Embora as instalações de energia limpa continuassem a crescer, ainda que lentamente, elas sofreram um dramático revés, alguns anos atrás.
c) Naquele momento, as instalações de energia limpa continuaram a crescer, cada vez mais rapidamente, até um fantástico desenvolvimento há poucos anos.
d) No entanto, as instalações de energia limpa continuaram a crescer, embora lentamente, até um avanço surpreendente há alguns anos.

03 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

It is correct to state, according to the second paragraph:

a) Clean energy is the cheapest type of energy ever produced.
b) Countries would like to extend the present costs over the next decade.
c) Due to its growing accessibility, clean energy has seen its possibilities of application widen.
d) Mobility and security in the world today demand increasing electricity production.

04 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo,

a) a Europa e os Estados Unidos investem menos que o esperado na fabricação de carros elétricos.
b) a Índia encabeça iniciativa para a completa exclusão, no mercado, de carros movidos a energia eólica.
c) a China lidera o crescimento no mercado de carros elétricos.
d) países menos desenvolvidos sofrem com o alto preço dos componentes de carros elétricos.

05 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

É dado correto, de acordo com o quarto parágrafo:

a) Percentualmente, a energia solar tem crescido mais do que outras formas de energia limpa.
b) Atualmente, 50% da eletricidade mundial provém de energia renovável.
c) Em 2015, instalações de energia limpa superaram em 10% a produção dos anos anteriores.
d) Em 2016, o número de instalações de energia renovável diminuiu drasticamente.

06 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

O quinto parágrafo afirma explicitamente que:

a) Cada país deve construir suas próprias normas e exigências quanto à liberação de energia limpa.
b) Deve ser compromisso dos governos apoiar a produção de energia renovável por meio da tecnologia.
c) Observa-se haver, atualmente, um equilíbrio adequado entre competição de um lado e incentivos de outro.
d) Bons retornos financeiros têm sido garantidos para investidores em energia limpa.

07 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

No trecho do quinto parágrafo

"There must be a balance between fair competition on the one hand, and incentives for companies to focus on development on the other",

a expressão sublinhada significa:

a) Pode eventualmente haver.
b) Poderia ser.
c) Lá deve haver.
d) Deve haver.

• BIZU: THERE MUST BE = DEVE HAVER.

08 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

No trecho do último parágrafo

“Renewable energy is a global phenomenon on the upswing. For the foreseeable future, its growth is set to accelerate”,

a palavra “its” refere-se a:

a) Renewable energy.
b) Growth future.
c) Global phenomenon.
d) Foreseeable future.

09 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

O texto permite compreender que:

a) A energia renovável é um fenômeno global, porém ainda com limitado potencial de ascensão.
b) Apesar de algumas dificuldades, a energia renovável tem se mostrado crescentemente relevante.
c) A energia renovável jamais substituirá as alternativas que usamos atualmente.
d) A energia renovável ainda é falha e instável, apesar dos esforços dispendidos.

PUC/RS – 2013 – VESTIBULAR VERÃO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR-VERÃO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 10 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D, 02-C, 03-A, 04-D, 05-D

06-B, 07-D, 08-B, 09-A, 10-C

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

• [to count (to enumerate) = contar, enumerar]

• [to benefit (to advantage) = beneficiar, favorecer] 
• [to compare (to confront) = comparar, confrontar]

• [to conspire (to plan) = conspirar, planejar]

• [to coincide (to concur) = coincidir, concordar]

• [to eschew (to avoid = evitar]
• [to flaw (to damage) = danificar]
• [to pertain = ser apropriado]
• [to shape (to formalize) = dar forma/configuração, formalizar]
• [to splinter (to chip) = lascar, estilhaçar, voar em estilhaços]
• [to suggest (to propose) = sugerir, propôs]

• [whenever they can = sempre que puderem]

• [one should always aim = Deve-se sempre visar]

• [cousin = primo]

• [core = núcleo]
• [flakes = flocos, pedaços de algo]
• [splinter = lasca]
• [hand ax = machado de mão]
• [narrative (story, narration) = narrativa, história]

• [portrait (picture) = retrato]
• [sloth (laziness) = preguiça]
• [tool = ferramenta]

• [active (alive, energetic, dynamic) = ativo, enérgico, dinâmico]

• [conversational = relativo à conversação]
• [idle (indolent, lazy, passive, lethargic) = passivo, ocioso, preguiçoso, letárgico]
• [beneficial = benéfico]
• [complete (whole) = inteiro]
• [incidental (accidental) = incidental, acidental]
• [paradoxical = paradoxal]
• [primary = primário]
• [wrought = forjada, trabalhada, moldada]
• [secondary (derivative) = secundário, derivativo]
• [scarce = escasso]

• [industrial revolution = revolução Industrial]

• [everyday conversational narratives = Narrativas conversacionais do dia a dia]
• [extremely effective cutting tools = ferramentas de corte extremamente eficazes]
• [large stone = pedra grande]
• [radical turnabout = virada radical]
• [scarce calories = calorias escassas]
• [stone core tool = ferramenta de núcleo de pedra]
• [waste products = produtos residuais]

• [couch potatoes (batatas de sofá) = uma pessoa que gasta pouco ou nenhum tempo exercitando e uma grande quantidade de tempo assistindo televisão]

• [busy bees (BíziBís)(abelhas ocupadas) = an industrious person = uma pessoa industriosa]

• [life expectancy = expectativa de vida]

• [countries' rates of physical activity = taxas de atividade física dos países]

• [to evolve(iVólv) = evoluir]

• [to involve(ênVólv) = envolver]

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Answer questions 01 to 05 in relation to text 1.

A paper in the Lancet, shamelessly timed to coincide with the Olympic games, compares countries' rates of physical activity. The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is the most complete portrait yet of the world’s busy bees and couch potatoes. It suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise.

That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired to create a world in which the flexing of muscles is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in.

The high rates of inactivity he found in his paper are worrying. Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while eschewing it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it to be beneficial, while over- exercising would use up scarce calories to little advantage. But that no longer pertains. According to another paper in the Lancet, insufficient activity these days has nearly the same effect on life expectancy as smoking.

The Economist Jul 21st 2012, from the print edition

                                        

01 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

The study referred to in the first paragraph is about

A) the sufficient amount of physical exercises a person needs.
B) the most slothful countries in the world.
C) how technology can help people's activity.
D) human misbehavior towards physical exercises.
E) a new discovery concerning low rates of human exercises.

02 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

O estudo realizado por Pedro Hallal aponta

A) o crescimento econômico como razão da necessidade de o indivíduo exercitar-se.
B) o prejuízo à saúde que causam o excesso e a
escassez de exercícios físicos.
C) a proporção mundial de pessoas que não praticam suficiente atividade física.
D) os efeitos do fumo e da atividade física insuficiente na expectativa de vida humana.
E) o conceito de exercício físico como uma opção e não como uma necessidade.

03 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

According to Hallal's research, people in the world are NOT becoming

A) active and dynamic.
B) idle and alive.
C) laborious and lazy.
D) indolent and strenuous.
E) lethargic and robust.

04 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

The alternative in which the words have the same grammatical order as in shame (noun) – shameless (adj) – “shamelessly” (adv – line 01) is

A) active – activity – actively
B) near – nearness – nearly
C) hard – hardness – hardly
D) paradox – paradoxical – paradoxically
E) insufficient – insufficiency – insufficiently

05 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

The word which can be a substitute for “eschewing”,
as it is used in line 19, is

A) achieving.
B) stopping.
C) holding.
D) avoiding.
E) deceiving.

➧ TEXT II:

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Answer questions 06 to 10 in relation to text 2.

        

Everyday conversational narratives of personal experience might be regarded as the country cousins of more well-wrought narratives. The work of archaeologist Nicholas Toth revolutionized the understanding of Stone Age tools. Prior to Toth’s studies, the received perspective was that early hominids chipped a cobble in such a way that it could be used as a pick or a hand ax.
         

Researchers considered the splintered flakes as waste products and examined them for information about techniques used to shape the stone core tool. While others were analyzing the morphological shapes and cognitive correlates of the chipped cores, Toth, in a radical turnabout, discovered that the flakes were the primary tools and that the large stone was an incidental byproduct, possibly a secondary tool. The flakes turned out to be “extremely effective cutting tools” for animals, wood, hides, and other work. We posit that, like stone flakes, mundane conversational narratives of personal experience constitute the prototype of narrative activity rather than the flawed by-product of more artful and planned narrative discourse.

OCHS, E. & CAPPS, L. (2001)

Living Narrative – creating lives in everyday
storytelling. Harvard University Press, England, p.3

Glossary:

*Chip – small piece of something, like wood or glass,
 mainly when it has broken off something.
*Cobble – small round-shaped stone; cobblestones.
*Well-wrought – skillfully shaped or decorated.

06 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

De acordo com o texto, Nicholas Toth

A) descobriu uma nova maneira de trabalhar rochas de modo produtivo.
B) mudou a visão que existia sobre as ferramentas feitas de pedra.
C) criou novas possibilidades para a elaboração de textos sobre a Idade da Pedra.
D) chegou a uma importante conclusão sobre narrativas bem elaboradas.
E) propôs que textos orais se originam de textos escritos bem elaborados.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Para resolver a questão 07, leia as afirmativas sobre o texto 2 e preencha os parênteses com V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso).

07 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

According to text 2,

(  ) one should always aim at skillfully shaped texts.

(  ) large stone tools resulted from making cutting tools.

(  ) elaborate narratives grow out of informal conversations.

(  ) the bigger the product, the more important it is.

O preenchimento correto dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é

A) V – V – V – F
B) V – F – V – F
C) V – F – F – V
D) F – V – V – F
E) F – V – F – V

08 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

O termo "as" é empregado com o mesmo sentido em "could be used as a pick" (linha 08) e em

A) As the day breaks, the first lights appear in the sky.
B) She works in a school as a pedagogical coordinator.
C) One should behave as one thinks it is best.
D) As it is late, we should go home.
E) Oh, wait for me; I'm not as fast!

09 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

The opposite of the term “flawed” (line 21)

is

A) perfect.
B) unique.
C) inevitable.
D) distinctive.
E) corresponding.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Para resolver a questão 10, considere as afirmativas sobre algumas expressões usadas no texto.

I. “cousins” (linha 03) está sendo usado em sentido literal, denotativo.

II. “chipped” (linha 13) é empregado como adjetivo e significa “lascado”, “talhado”.

III. “turned out to be” (linhas 16-17) indica deslocamento físico.

IV. “hides” (linha 18) é um substantivo e significa “couros”.

10 – (PUC/RS-2013-VESTIBULAR VERÃO)

Estão corretas apenas as afirmativas

A) I e II.
B) I e III.
C) II e IV.
D) I, III e IV.
E) II, III e IV