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quinta-feira, 2 de novembro de 2023

UEG/2019 – VESTIBULAR –2ºSEMESTRE – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE GOIÁS – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UEG-2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-26/05/2019.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 4 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – | This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism | www.bbc.com |
 Texto (2) – | Infográfico | One Young World Ambassadors Leading for the Global Goals | www.oneyoungworld.com 


 TEXTO 1Leia o texto e responda às questões de 1 a 3.

This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism

Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources.

Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.

These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age. 

Energy shift

Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.

For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.

At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.

Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.

Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.

Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.
Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em:
12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

 TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism
É assim que os cientistas da ONU se preparam para o fim do capitalismo
Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general.
O capitalismo como o conhecemos acabou. É o que sugere um novo relatório encomendado por um grupo de cientistas nomeados pelo secretário-geral da ONU.

The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources.
A principal razão? Estamos transitando rapidamente para uma economia global radicalmente diferente, devido à nossa exploração cada vez mais insustentável dos recursos ambientais do planeta e à mudança para fontes de energia menos eficientes.

Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments.
As alterações climáticas e a extinção de espécies estão  acelerando, mesmo quando as sociedades enfrentam um aumento da desigualdade, do desemprego, do lento crescimento econômico, do aumento dos níveis de dívida e de governos impotentes.

Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
Ao contrário da forma como os legisladores normalmente pensam sobre estes problemas, estas não são, de todo, crises separadas.

These crises are part of the same fundamental transition.
Estas crises fazem parte da mesma transição fundamental.

The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. 
A nova era é caracterizada pela produção ineficiente de combustíveis fósseis e pelos custos crescentes das alterações climáticas.

Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.
O pensamento econômico capitalista convencional já não consegue explicar, prever ou resolver o funcionamento da economia global nesta nova era. 

Energy shift
Mudança de energia

Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
Estas são as implicações de um novo documento de base preparado por uma equipa de biofísicos finlandeses que foi convidada a fornecer investigação que alimentaria a elaboração do Relatório de Desenvolvimento Global Sustentável (GSDR) da ONU, que será lançado em 2019.

For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.”
Pela “primeira vez na história da humanidade”, afirma o jornal, as economias capitalistas estão “mudando para fontes de energia menos eficientes em termos energéticos”.

Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
A produção de energia utilizável (“exergia”) para continuar alimentando “tanto as atividades humanas básicas como as não básicas” na civilização industrial “exigirá mais, e não menos, esforço”.

At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.”
Ao mesmo tempo, a nossa fome de energia está impulsionando o que o jornal chama de “custos de dissipação”.

The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs.
Quanto maior for a nossa utilização de energia e materiais, mais resíduos geramos e, portanto, maiores serão os custos ambientais.

Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
Embora possam ser ignorados durante algum tempo, eventualmente esses custos ambientais traduzem-se diretamente em custos econômicos, à medida que se torna cada vez mais difícil ignorar os seus impactos nas nossas sociedades.

Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
Globalmente, a quantidade de energia que podemos extrair, em comparação com a energia que utilizamos para a extrair, está a diminuir em todo o espectro – os óleos não convencionais, as energias nucleares e as energias renováveis geram menos energia do que os óleos convencionais, cuja produção atingiu o pico – e as sociedades precisam abandonar os combustíveis fósseis devido ao seu impacto no clima.

Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question.
Se este sistema ainda compreende ou não uma forma de capitalismo é, em última análise, uma questão semântica.

It depends on how you define capitalism.
Depende de como você define o capitalismo.

Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed.
A atividade econômica é impulsionada pelo significado – mantendo possibilidades iguais para uma vida boa e ao mesmo tempo reduzindo drasticamente as emissões – e não pelo lucro, e o significado é construído política e coletivamente. 

Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions.
Bem, este é o melhor caso concebível em termos de instituições modernas de Estado e de mercado.

It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.
Isto não pode acontecer sem uma reformulação considerável do pensamento político-econômico, em poucas palavras: repensar o capitalismo tal como é hoje em dia.

01 – (UEG-2019-VESTIBULAR-2ºSEMESTRE) 

Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que
(A) o capitalismo, nos últimos anos, tem sido um sistema econômico que tem contribuído de forma relevante para o contínuo desenvolvimento social do planeta.
(B) o uso das matérias-primas, exploradas principalmente pelas empresas multinacionais, tem sido equilibrado, causando menores impactos ambientais.
(C) mudanças no clima e extinção de espécies no planeta apontam para a busca de meios alternativos para a contenção de desperdício de matéria-prima.
(D) o relatório apresentado confirma que o uso de energias alternativas é a melhor forma de se gerar energia sem causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente.
(E) há uma notória mudança política e social que está redefinindo o papel do capitalismo para aumentar o crescimento econômico dos países emergentes.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
• Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que mudanças no clima e extinção de espécies no planeta apontam para a busca de meios alternativos para a contenção de desperdício de matéria-prima.

02 – (UEG-2019-VESTIBULAR-2ºSEMESTRE)

Considerando os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
(A) feed into the drafting, em língua portuguesa, pode ser compreendida como “auxiliar na elaboração”.
(B) production has peaked, em português, pode ser compreendida como “a produção tem aumentado”.
(C) slow economic growth pode ser compreendida em português como “crescimento econômico regular”.
(D) across the spectrum, em língua portuguesa, pode ser compreendida como “em todos os aspectos”.
(E) sink costs pode ser compreendida, em língua portuguesa, como “custos operacionais”.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - ASPECTOS SEMÂNTICOS:

03 – (UEG-2019-VESTIBULAR-2ºSEMESTRE)

Considerando os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais presentes no texto, constata-se que

(A) a sentença It depends on how you define capitalism, na forma interrogativa seria “Does it depends on how do you define capitalism?”.
(B) em Though they can be ignored, o vocábulo “though” pode ser substituído pelo termo “through” sem alterar o sentido na sentença.
(C) na sentença societies are experiencing rising inequality, os termos “experiencing” e “rising” são verbos e estão função de gerúndio.
(D) a sentença societies need to abandon fossil fuels, na forma negativa seria “societies don´t need to abandon fossil fuels”.
(E) na sentença unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables, os termos “unconventional” e “renewables” são advérbios de modo.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR:

 TEXTO 2Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão 4.
Disponível em: <https://www.oneyoungworld.com/one-young-world-ambassadors-leading-global-goals>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019.
04 – (UEG-2019-VESTIBULAR-2ºSEMESTRE)

According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the

(A) sixteenth goal is about the promotion of safety and peaceful societies through economic policies.
(B) thirteenth and fourteenth goals focus to protect our ecosystems for all societies and our children.
(C) fifth and tenth goals are only expressing the fight against gender, poverty and wages inequalities.
(D) seventeenth and eleventh goals are promoting actions centered on ecosystems and planet issues.
(E) second and fourth goals have their centered actions aimed on economic and growth problems.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:
De acordo com a informação expressa na imagem e nos dados, The Global Goals, verificamos que o
(A) sixteenth goal is about the promotion of safety and peaceful societies through economic policies. – o décimo sexto objetivo trata da promoção de sociedades seguras e pacíficas através de políticas econômicas.
(B) thirteenth and fourteenth goals focus to protect our ecosystems for all societies and our children. – os décimo terceiro e décimo quarto objetivos centram-se na proteção dos nossos ecossistemas para todas as sociedades e para as nossas crianças.
(C) fifth and tenth goals are only expressing the fight against gender, poverty and wages inequalities. – o quinto e o décimo objetivos expressam apenas a luta contra o gênero, a pobreza e as desigualdades salariais.
(D) seventeenth and eleventh goals are promoting actions centered on ecosystems and planet issues. – o décimo sétimo e o décimo primeiro objetivos são promover ações centradas nos ecossistemas e nas questões do planeta.
(E) second and fourth goals have their centered actions aimed on economic and growth problems. – o segundo e o quarto objetivos têm as suas ações centradas nos problemas económicos e de crescimento.

segunda-feira, 23 de outubro de 2023

UEG/2018 – VESTIBULAR – MEDICINA – 2º SEMESTRE – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE GOIÁS – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-02/09/2018.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 5 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – | Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care | https://online.king.edu |
 Texto (2) – | Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons | www.state.gov 


 TEXTO 1Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 1 e 2.

Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care
by Tricia Hussung

A wide variety of digital innovations are revolutionizing healthcare — and technology in medicine is here to stay. How are these changes impacting the delivery of care, and what skills are needed to succeed in this bold new world? It’s no secret that, as a society, technology has become a part of our everyday lives. In fact, almost 60 percent of American adults own a smartphone, and 42 percent of that same population (American adults) owns a tablet computer. Though technology has been permeating almost every aspect of our lives, until recent years the medical field has been largely unaffected by the rapid pace of technological innovation that is characteristic of the Digital Age. However, this is changing.

This ubiquity of technology is beginning to extend into the medical field. Advances in medical technology are changing medicine by giving physicians more information — as well as better, more specific data.

New Medical Technology: Innovations

So just what are these new advances in technology? The following are just a few of the many innovations that have occurred in medical technology over the past year alone. Some of these leading technologies are still being developed, while others are slowly being introduced into mainstream medical practice.
  • The modern hospital experience: Several medical technology companies are looking to update hospital stays to keep pace with the needs of modern patients. To more easily integrate changing technology, these new rooms would feature interchangeable parts that are easily adapted to the specific situation of a patient. The seamless design would have a minimal impact on facility operations while increasing patient comfort and connectivity.
  • Surgery simulation: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute has partnered with the University of Buffalo’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences to create the Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS). This innovation allows real-world views of surgeries while eliminating the need for a live environment to train aspiring surgeons. It gives these medical professionals the space to experiment in a simulated environment, rather than risking making mistakes on real patients.
  • Cloud-based data and software: Applications like referralMD help healthcare providers create referrals digitally and reach millions of patients and providers who are in search of treatment options. The current, paper method of referrals causes almost 50 percent of patient referrals to never actually result in doctor’s visits. This present gap in care “causes patients to lose treatment (and) the healthcare facility to lose money.” Software innovations like these are part of the relatively new field of health informatics, which aims to collect, store, analyze and present health data in a digital format.
With widespread innovations like these affecting patient care practices, it is not surprising that the way medical records and information are stored and shared is changing as well. These technological advancements are costeffective and improve the ability of medical professionals to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds. Two of the main changes that are revolutionizing the future of healthcare are electronic medical records and health information exchange. Future won´t be the same for medical field. Are you ready for what is coming?
Disponível em: <https://online.king.edu/healthcare/digitizing-healthcare-how-technology-is-improving-medical-care/>. Acesso em: 09 maio 2018. (Adaptado)
01 – (UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-2ºSEMESTRE)

Considering the ideas expressed in the text, medical practice

a) won´t be the same as it was on years before because physicians are going to be more linked and will face a constant updating need with technologies to pace up with leading medical upcoming.
b) is going to be, on surgery simulation, broadcasted through internet from the most modern hospitals and surgery practice classes are going to take advantage of this to train aspiring surgeons.
c) will have drastic changes in hospital which will certainly find ways to offer the newest and the best treatments combined to more comfortable and technological rooms to their patients.
d) is going to be changed because American adults are going to exchange personal medical data with their physicians and through that technology they are going to get individual attendance.
e) will be improved by the innovations in technology or by the Digital Age, making possible that physicians and patients definitely solve health problems which they couldn’t treat on the past.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:
Considerando as ideias expressas no texto, a prática médica
a) won't be the same as it was on years before because physicians are going to be more linked and will face a constant updating need with technologies to pace up with leading medical upcoming.
não será o mesmo de anos anteriores porque os médicos estarão mais vinculados e enfrentarão uma necessidade constante de atualização com tecnologias para acompanhar o futuro da medicina de ponta.

b) is going to be, on surgery simulation, broadcasted through internet from the most modern hospitals and surgery practice classes are going to take advantage of this to train aspiring surgeons.
será, em simulação cirúrgica, transmitido pela internet dos mais modernos hospitais e aulas de prática cirúrgica aproveitarão para formar aspirantes a cirurgiões.

c) will have drastic changes in hospital which will certainly find ways to offer the newest and the best treatments combined to more comfortable and technological rooms to their patients.
sofrerão mudanças drásticas no hospital que certamente encontrará formas de oferecer o que há de mais novo e de melhor em tratamentos aliados a salas mais confortáveis e tecnológicas aos seus pacientes.

d) is going to be changed because American adults are going to exchange personal medical data with their physicians and through that technology they are going to get individual attendance.
vai ser alterado porque os adultos americanos vão trocar dados médicos pessoais com seus médicos e através dessa tecnologia vão conseguir atendimento individualizado.

e) will be improved by the innovations in technology or by the Digital Age, making possible that physicians and patients definitely solve health problems which they couldn’t treat on the past.
serão melhorados pelas inovações tecnológicas ou pela Era Digital, possibilitando que médicos e pacientes resolvam definitivamente problemas de saúde que não conseguiam tratar no passado.

02 – (UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-2ºSEMESTRE)

Analisando os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

a) a sentença skills are needed to succeed apresenta-se na voz passiva no texto; na voz ativa seria “to succed they needed skills”.
b) a sentença medical field has been largely unaffected, na forma interrogativa, seria “does medical field have been largely unaffected?”.
c) o termo widespread, em with widespread innovations like these, pode ser substituído por “widely diffused” sem alterar o sentido da sentença.
d) o vocábulo who, na sentença providers who are in search of treatment options, exerce, na língua inglesa, a função de pronome interrogativo.
e) o vocábulo issues, em to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds, pode ser substituído por “distress”, sem alteração de sentido na sentença.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

 TEXTO 2Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 3 a 5
Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons

The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.

The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.

The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law. 

Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.

Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.

Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?

There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.
Disponível em: <https://www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/274867.htm>. Acesso em: 09 maio 2018

03 – (UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-2ºSEMESTRE)

According to the information expressed in the text, we verify that

a) the nuclear disarmament is a step forward into international leaders agreement, but it is a tenue line parting catastrophic consequences and security and peace.
b) the politic and economic country aspects have been equally improving on the last decades, such real world situation indicates an easy understanding for disarmament.
c) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been guiding international agreements on nuclear disarmament between countries with nuclear weapons.
d) the United States of America and North Korea have successfully concerned to find ways to avoid the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the last decades.
e) both, the United States of America and Russia, consider impossible the disarmament in order to preserve and protect to the international peace and security.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

04 – (UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-2ºSEMESTRE)

De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que

a) toward the shared dream, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido por “em direção ao sonho parcial”.
b) to support and strengthen pode ser compreendido, na língua portuguesa, como “dar suporte e fortalecer”.
c) are vaguely worded pode ser compreendido, em português, como “são palavras vagamente descritivas”.
d) Preamble’s acknowledgement pode ser traduzido, em português, como “preâmbulo de conhecimento”.
e) an empty shell, em português, pode ser traduzido como “um assunto temático não compreendido”.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

05 – (UEG-2018-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-2ºSEMESTRE)

Considerando-se os elementos de estrutura e forma da língua inglesa, constata-se que

a) na expressão the world’s polarization, os termos world’s apresentam a contração entre world e is.
b) na expressão we can do away, o termo can pode ser substituído por “should” sem alterar o sentido.
c) os termos disarmament e agreement são constituídos por prefixação em sua composição vocabular.
d) it exacerbates political tensions, na voz passiva, apresenta-se como political tensions are exacerbated.
e) o termo also, em We also continue our, pode ser substituído por yet sem alteração de sentido na frase.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:
 

quarta-feira, 15 de março de 2023

UEG/2020 – VESTIBULAR – MEDICINA – 1º SEMESTRE – LÍNGUA INGLESA – UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE GOIÁS – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1º SEMESTRE-15/12/2019.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

 5 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – | Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine | https://online.king.edu |
 Texto (2) – | infographic | Antibiotics resistance www.who.int |


 TEXTO 1Leia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 1 a 3.

Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine

Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.

In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients — such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions. 

Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?

One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests — X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets — no missing numbers, so to speak — and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images = subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.

In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.

What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?

It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate. To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing — in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.

Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.

Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.

01 – (UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)

Considering the ideas expressed in the text, artificial intelligence (AI) systems

(A) are going to have the capacity to identify future health problems which physicians may not perceive through the amount of patients’ data.

(B) and new technological devices are going to replace the regular professionals on diagnosis through time, only health experts are going to remain.

(C) will certainly change the medical procedures through data collected by patients wearable devices which are going to be 24 hours connected to the body.

(D) are going to be much more evolved than today and they will make decisions on health care treatments through electronic patient’s health data.

(E) will assist doctors decisions on specific surgery situations in which the medical staff have human decisionmaking issues.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:

Considerando as ideias expressas no texto, os sistemas de inteligência artificial (IA)

(A) are going to have the capacity to identify future health problems which physicians may not perceive through the amount of patients’ data. terão a capacidade de identificar problemas de saúde futuros que os médicos podem não perceber através da quantidade de dados dos pacientes.

(B) and new technological devices are going to replace the regular professionals on diagnosis through time, only health experts are going to remain. e os novos dispositivos tecnológicos vão substituir os profissionais regulares no diagnóstico ao longo do tempo, apenas os especialistas em saúde permanecerão.

(C) will certainly change the medical procedures through data collected by patients wearable devices which are going to be 24 hours connected to the body. certamente mudará os procedimentos médicos através de dados coletados por dispositivos vestíveis dos pacientes que ficarão 24 horas conectados ao corpo.

(D) are going to be much more evolved than today and they will make decisions on health care treatments through electronic patient’s health dataserão muito mais evoluídos do que hoje e tomarão decisões sobre tratamentos de saúde por meio de dados eletrônicos de saúde dos pacientes.

(E) will assist doctors decisions on specific surgery situations in which the medical staff have human decisionmaking issues. auxiliarão os médicos nas decisões sobre situações cirúrgicas específicas em que a equipe médica tenha problemas de tomada de decisão humana.

02 – (UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)

Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que

a) na sentença AI system is actually better than standard of care, o termo actually é um advérbio que enfatiza a característica da inteligência artificial.

b) a sentença There has been some interesting work done apresenta-se no passado perfeito contínuo, pois o termo interesting está na forma do gerúndio.

c) o termo clinicians, na sentença these tools are never going to replace clinicians, pode ser substituído por physics, sem alteração do sentido da sentença.

d) o vocábulo can, na sentença it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity, exerce, na língua inglesa, a função de verbo modal subjuntivo.

e) o termo inherently, em patient is inherently a human decision-making process, pode ser substituído por “unnaturally“, sem alteração do sentido da sentença.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - 
ASPECTOS LINGUÍSTICOS E ESTRUTURAIS
:

Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que: 

a) na sentença AI system is actually better than standard of care, o termo actually é um advérbio que enfatiza a característica da inteligência artificial. (CORRETA)("actually" é usado para enfatizar a verdade real ou exata de uma situação ou de algo).

b) a sentença There has been some interesting work done apresenta-se no passado perfeito contínuo, pois o termo interesting está na forma do gerúndio. (ERRADA)("has been" sinaliza "Present Pefect")

c) o termo clinicians, na sentença these tools are never going to replace clinicians, pode ser substituído por physics, sem alteração do sentido da sentença. (ERRADA)("clinicians" significa "clínicos", enquanto que "physics" significa "Física")

d) o vocábulo can, na sentença it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity, exerce, na língua inglesa, a função de verbo modal subjuntivo. (ERRADA)(Em inglês, não existe "verbo modal subjuntivo")

e) o termo inherently, em patient is inherently a human decision-making process, pode ser substituído por “unnaturally“, sem alteração do sentido da sentença. (ERRADA)("inherently" significa "inerentemente, intrinsecamente", enquanto que "unnaturally" significa "anormalmente")

03 – (UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)

De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho

a) health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “registros de saúde e talvez até dados aleatórios da vida diária”.

b) subtle changes in breast tissue over several years pode ser compreendido, em português, como “substanciais mudanças no tecido mamário ao longo dos anos”.

c) what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, em português, pode ser traduzido como “o que nós descrevemos se tornará mais notável no sistema”.

d) to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido por “esquadrinhar através de resmas de dados eletrônicos”.

e) that even a highly trained physician would not see, em português, pode ser traduzido como “que nem mesmo um físico altamente treinado poderia ver”.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - 
TRANSLATIONS 
:

De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho

a) health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido como “registros de saúde e talvez até dados aleatórios da vida diária”. (ERRADA)(Tradução correta = registro de saúde e talvez até dados extraídos da vida diária)

b) subtle changes in breast tissue over several years pode ser compreendido, em português, como “substanciais mudanças no tecido mamário ao longo dos anos”.(ERRADA)(Tradução correta = mudanças sutis no tecido mamário ao longo de vários anos)

c) what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, em português, pode ser traduzido como “o que nós descrevemos se tornará mais notável no sistema”. (ERRADA)(Tradução correta = o que descrevemos ficará muito entranhado no sistema)

d) to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data, na língua portuguesa, pode ser traduzido por “esquadrinhar através de resmas de dados eletrônicos”.

e) that even a highly trained physician would not see, em português, pode ser traduzido como “que nem mesmo um físico altamente treinado poderia ver”. (ERRADA)(Tradução correta = que até mesmo um médico altamente treinado não veria)

 TEXTO 2:

Disponível em: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/2015/world-antibiotic-awareness-week/infographics/en/. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019

04 – (UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)

Considering the linguistics aspects presented in the infographic, we verify that

a) in the sentence Antibiotics resistance happens when bacteria change and became resistant, the term when can be replaced by the word whom.

b) the sentence Patients attends hospital or clinic is in passive voice, and the active voice is presented as “patients are attended in hospital or clinic.”

c) the sentence the antibiotics used to treat the infection they cause, in the interrogative form is “Did the antibiotics used to treat the infection did they cause”.

d) the term which, in the sentence Antibiotics are given to patients, which can result in drug resistant bacteria, refers to, an interrogative pronoun function.

e) the terms unclear and environment are words formed by, in the respective sequence, prefixation and sufixation structures in their vocabulary composition.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - 
ASPECTOS LINGUÍSTICOS
:

Considerando os aspectos linguísticos apresentados no infográfico, verificamos que: 

a) in the sentence Antibiotics resistance happens when bacteria change and became resistant, the term when can be replaced by the word whom. (ERRADA)("when" é advérbio de tempo, enquanto "whom" é pronome relativo)

b) the sentence Patients attends hospital or clinic is in passive voice, and the active voice is presented as “patients are attended in hospital or clinic.” (ERRADA)(é o contrário, ou seja, a 1ª sentença está na voz ativa e a 1ª sentença está na voz passiva)

c) the sentence the antibiotics used to treat the infection they cause, in the interrogative form is “Did the antibiotics used to treat the infection did they cause”. (ERRADA)

d) the term which, in the sentence Antibiotics are given to patients, which can result in drug resistant bacteria, refers to, an interrogative pronoun function. (ERRADA)("which" finciona como pronome relativo e refere-se a "Antibiotics")

e) the terms unclear and environment are words formed by, in the respective sequence, prefixation and sufixation structures in their vocabulary composition. (CORRETA)("unclear" é formada por prefixação UN- e "environmenté formada por sufixação -MENT)

05 – (UEG-2020-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)

Considerando-se os elementos de escritura e forma da língua inglesa, constata-se que

a) seres humanos e animais vivenciam um processo igual para e na criação de resistência a bactérias a partir de um antibiótico.

b) seres humanos que participam da criação de resistência a uma determinada bactéria devem procurar atendimento médico regularmente.

c) tanto nos seres humanos quanto nos animais, o processo de desenvolvimento de resistência das bactérias ao medicamento ocorre nos intestinos.

d) a alimentação, o meio ambiente e o contato direto do ser humano com animais são considerados meios de desenvolvimento de bactérias.

e) estudos têm comprovado que a falta de higiene é considerada a maior causa da proliferação de diversas bactérias.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
• Considerando-se os elementos de escritura e forma da língua inglesa, constata-se que tanto nos seres humanos quanto nos animais, o processo de desenvolvimento de resistência das bactérias ao medicamento ocorre nos intestinos.
 TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] Animals develop drug-resistant bacterias in their gut." 

•  Os animais desenvolvem bactérias resistentes aos medicamentos no intestino.