Postagens
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/RIO-2017/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-09/07/2017.
https://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➭ Text – | WEIGHT WATCHERS FOCUSES ON WEIGHT, NOT HEALTH | www.drfuhrman.com |
❑ PROVA:
WEIGHT WATCHERS FOCUSES ON WEIGHT, NOT HEALTH
Following Weight Watchers is still not the healthy way to lose weight and keep it off, despite their newest point system, the "PointsPlus", where fresh fruits and most vegetables have a zero-point value, essentially meaning that they are unlimited. This is certainly a positive step, and I applaud Weight Watchers for taking it. They have tweaked their program a bit to make it healthier.
2
However, the Weight Watchers program is still far from a health-promoting eating style. The “PointsPlus” system encourages eating foods that produce greater satiety – foods that are higher in fiber and protein content are more favorably scored. High-fiber foods and high-protein foods are not nutritionally equivalent. For example, compare beans and grilled chicken. Beans are phytochemical-rich, protein-adequate, healthful foods with anti-cancer properties and a low glycemic load. Grilled chicken may also induce satiety because it is very high in protein, but it has no phytochemical content, and it contains cancer-promoting properties. It is not a food that supports longevity and long-term health. What’s more, chicken raises IGF-1 in the body, a hormone associated with higher rates of breast cancer. The problem is that Weight Watchers promotes animal protein as a favorable food to consume, in spite of the plethora of evidence in recent years linking high IGF-1 to premature aging and cancer.
3
Weight Watchers’ guidelines for healthy eating are simply unhealthy and not supported by the most updated nutritional science. Here are some of their recommendations:
• They recommend a miniscule five total (half-cup) daily servings of fruits and vegetables combined which is not nearly enough to achieve disease prevention.
• They promise to provide a method of weight loss that “fits within one’s lifestyle and preferences”, assuring potential members that there is “plenty of room for treats and extras.” To be inclusionary of everyone, they must give watered-down recommendations that are too close to the disease-causing Standard American Diet. Despite the changes to the points system that promotes more whole foods, it is still a diet of calorie-counting and controlled portions of mostly addictive, processed foods.
• They, like most diet plans, attempt to appeal to a mainstream audience who eat a diet of primarily processed foods and animal products. So they must allow members to continue the same eating pattern that originally led them down the path to obesity (and also leads to diabetes, heart disease and cancer). This is evident by Weight Watchers’ line of pre-packaged foods.
• They sell nutrient-poor, high-sodium, reduced-calorie processed products with lengthy ingredient lists including added sugars, hydrogenated oils, and white flour—just like conventional processed foods. The ingredient lists are strategically absent from the Weight Watchers website, though calorie and point values are visible.
4
Weight Watchers is not in the business of health; it is all about weight. Members, and even leaders, are poorly educated about nutritional science. People are not motivated to eat to win the war against cancer. Participants continue to be victims of their food addictions because eating a little healthier and trying to cut back is simply a formula for failure in the vast majority of cases. Weight Watchers gives lip service to better health and healthier eating, yet continues to sell nutrient-depleted processed junk food.
5
A healthy weight is almost impossible to maintain without serious attention to smart nutrition, prevention of all deficiencies, sufficient anti-inflammatory super foods and the resulting elimination of additions and cravings. Weight Watchers mostly serves those who remain forever on the weight loss merry-go-round, struggling with marginally effective recommendations and outcomes.
A healthy weight is almost impossible to maintain without serious attention to smart nutrition, prevention of all deficiencies, sufficient anti-inflammatory super foods and the resulting elimination of additions and cravings. Weight Watchers mostly serves those who remain forever on the weight loss merry-go-round, struggling with marginally effective recommendations and outcomes.
6
The Nutritarian diet, as described in my book, The End of Dieting, is not focused on just weight loss; it is also focused on optimizing health, promoting longevity, and winning the war on cancer. You eat larger amounts of vegetables, beans and fruits, with attention to eating the most powerful anti-cancer foods on the planet. Food is rated according to micronutrient content per calorie, not just calories. Eating delicious, health-promoting foods allows you to lose the cravings and temptations to eat greasy, sugary, disease-causing foods. More importantly, once you learn how to follow a Nutritarian diet, the weight comes off dramatically and permanently and you never have to diet again. You become a nutritional expert who can navigate through life knowing that you can protect yourself from serious and/or tragic outcomes such as dementia, heart attacks, strokes and cancer. The Nutritarian diet is for people who want great health and freedom from medical dependency and medical tragedies that eventually afflict almost all Americans.
The Nutritarian diet, as described in my book, The End of Dieting, is not focused on just weight loss; it is also focused on optimizing health, promoting longevity, and winning the war on cancer. You eat larger amounts of vegetables, beans and fruits, with attention to eating the most powerful anti-cancer foods on the planet. Food is rated according to micronutrient content per calorie, not just calories. Eating delicious, health-promoting foods allows you to lose the cravings and temptations to eat greasy, sugary, disease-causing foods. More importantly, once you learn how to follow a Nutritarian diet, the weight comes off dramatically and permanently and you never have to diet again. You become a nutritional expert who can navigate through life knowing that you can protect yourself from serious and/or tragic outcomes such as dementia, heart attacks, strokes and cancer. The Nutritarian diet is for people who want great health and freedom from medical dependency and medical tragedies that eventually afflict almost all Americans.
By Dr. Joel Fuhrman Retrieved and adapted from https://www.drfuhrman.com/learn/library/articles/46/weight-watchers-focuses-onweight-not-health
Access on April 26, 2017.
01 – (PUC/Rio-2017/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)
The main purpose of the text is to
a) promote the Weight Watchers program on healthy-eating styles.
b) present a range of formulas on how to lose weight.
c) educate the public on nutritional science.
d) show how the Weight Watchers diet works out for Americans.
e) argue how the Weight Watchers program fails to encompass nutritarian diets.
*Alternativa (A): promover o programa Weight Watchers(Vigilantes do Peso) em estilos de alimentação saudável.
*Alternativa (B): apresentar uma gama de fórmulas sobre como perder peso.
*Alternativa (C): educar o público sobre ciência nutricional.
*Alternativa (D): mostrar como a dieta dos Weight Watchers funciona para os americanos.
*Alternativa (E): argumentar como o programa Weight Watchers não abrange as dietas nutricionais.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
O objetivo PRINCIPAL do texto é...*Alternativa (A): promover o programa Weight Watchers(Vigilantes do Peso) em estilos de alimentação saudável.
*Alternativa (B): apresentar uma gama de fórmulas sobre como perder peso.
*Alternativa (C): educar o público sobre ciência nutricional.
*Alternativa (D): mostrar como a dieta dos Weight Watchers funciona para os americanos.
*Alternativa (E): argumentar como o programa Weight Watchers não abrange as dietas nutricionais.
02 – (PUC/Rio-2017/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)
The writer implies in paragraph 2 (lines 5-14) that
a) Beans and grilled chicken are nutritionally equivalent.
b) Grilled chicken contains a hormone linked to breast cancer.
c) Consuming a high proportion of animal protein is damaging for our health.
d) Grilled chicken is higher in protein and lower in calories compared to beans.
e) Weight Watchers advocates low-glycemic eating for people who have a health condition.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
O escritor implica no parágrafo 2 (linhas 5-14) que*Alternativa (A): Feijão e frango grelhado são nutricionalmente equivalentes.
*Alternativa (B): Frango grelhado contém um hormônio ligado ao câncer de mama.
*Alternativa (C): Consumir uma alta proporção de proteína animal é prejudicial para a nossa saúde.
*Alternativa (D): Frango grelhado é maior em proteínas e menor em calorias em comparação com feijão.
*Alternativa (E): Vigilantes do Peso defende a baixa ingestão glicêmica para pessoas que têm um problema de saúde.
The pronoun "it" in the fragment "and it contains cancer-promoting properties" (lines 10-11) refers to
a) beans (line 8)
b) chicken (line 9)
c) satiety (line 10)
d) protein (line 10)
e) phytochemical content (line 10)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - Questão sobre PRONOME RESGATADOR(ou referenciador):
O pronome "it" no fragmento "e contém propriedades promotoras de câncer" (linhas 10-11) refere-se a*Alternativa (A): feijão (linha 8)
*Alternativa (B): frango (linha 9)
*Alternativa (C): saciedade (linha 10)
*Alternativa (D): proteína (linha 10)
*Alternativa (E): conteúdo fitoquímico (linha 10)
The expression "plenty of room" in the fragment "They promise to provide a method of weight loss that ‘fits within one's lifestyle and preferences', assuring potential members that there is 'plenty of room for treats and extras'" (lines 19-20) refers to the fact that
a) the process of weight loss is very long.
b) those who adopt the method can adequate it to individual necessities.
c) one’s lifestyle should not be taken into consideration in the program.
d) overweight people will necessarily be successful by adopting the method.
e) many people don’t get adapted to the program.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
A expressão "espaço de sobra" no fragmento "Eles prometem fornecer um método de perda de peso que 'se encaixa no estilo de vida e preferências', assegurando aos membros em potencial que há 'muito espaço para doces e extras'" (linhas 19- 20) refere-se ao fato de que...*Alternativa (A): o processo de perda de peso é muito longo.
*Alternativa (B): quem adota o método pode adequá-lo às necessidades individuais.
*Alternativa (C): o estilo de vida não deve ser levado em consideração no programa.
*Alternativa (D): as pessoas obesas terão necessariamente sucesso adotando o método.
*Alternativa (E): muitas pessoas não se adaptam ao programa.
The connector "despite" in the clause "Despite the changes to the points system that promotes more whole foods" (lines 22-23) conveys an idea of
a) exemplification.
b) conclusion.
c) time sequence.
d) addition.
e) concession.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - Questão sobre CONECTORES(carga semântica):
*Alternativa (A): exemplificação.
*Alternativa (B): conclusão.
*Alternativa (C): sequência temporal.
*Alternativa (D): adição.
*Alternativa (E): concessão.
06 – (PUC/Rio-2017/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO)
The word “mainstream” in “mainstream audience” (line 25) is closest in meaning to
a) marginal.
b) mediocre.
c) familiar.
d) prevailing.
e) stereotyped.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - Questão sobre VOCÁBULOS SINÔNIMOS(mainstream=prevailing=a maior parte):
A palavra “mainstream” no “mainstream audience” (linha 25) é a mais próxima em significado para*Alternativa (A): marginal.
*Alternativa (B): medíocre.
*Alternativa (C): familiar.
*Alternativa (D): prevalecente.
*Alternativa (E): estereotipado.
The verb phrase “struggling with” in the fragment “Weight Watchers mostly serves those who remain forever on the weight loss merry-go-round, struggling with marginally effective recommendations and outcomes” (lines 42-43) can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
a) fighting against.
b) collaborating with.
c) thinking together.
d) conforming to.
e) reinforcing.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - Questão sobre PHRASAL VERB(struggling with=fighting against="lutando contra"):
A frase verbal STRUGGLING WITH(lutando contra) no fragmento “Vigilantes do Peso serve principalmente aqueles que permanecem para sempre no carrossel da perda de peso, lutando contra recomendações e resultados marginalmente eficazes"” (linhas 42-43) podem ser substituídos, sem mudança significado, por*Alternativa (A): lutando contra.
*Alternativa (B): colaborar com.
*Alternativa (C): pensando juntos.
*Alternativa (D): em conformidade com.
*Alternativa (E): reforçando.
Health-promoting (line 5) is to disease-causing (line 49) as:
a) high-fiber (line 7) is to reduced-calorie (line 30)
b) cancer-promoting (line 11) is to long-term (line 11)
c) watered-down (line 21) is to nutrient-poor (line 30)
d) calorie-counting (line 23) is to nutrient-depleted (line 38)
e) protein-adequate (line 9) is to high-sodium (line 30)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - Questão sobre PARALELISMO DE VOCÁBULOS COMPOSTOS:
A promoção da saúde (linha 5) está para causar doenças (linha 49) como:*Alternativa (A): alta fibra e redução de calorias (linha 30)
*Alternativa (B): a promoção do câncer e a longo prazo (linha 11)
*Alternativa (C): diluído e pobre em nutrientes (linha 30)
*Alternativa (D): a contagem de calorias (linha 23) é depletada de nutrientes (linha 38)
*Alternativa (E): proteína adequada (linha 9) é alta em sódio (linha 30)
The underlined expression introduces an idea of RESULT in
a) Grilled chicken may also induce …(lines 9-10)
b) What’s more, chicken raises …(line 12)
c) So they must allow members…(line 26)
d) …though calorie and point values are visible. (line 33)
e) …and medical tragedies that eventually afflict almost all Americans. (lines 53-54)
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
A expressão sublinhada introduz uma ideia de RESULTADO em*Alternativa (A): Frango grelhado também pode induzir… (linhas 9-10)
*Alternativa (B): Além disso, a galinha aumenta ... (linha 12)
*Alternativa (C): Então eles devem permitir que os membros ... (linha 26)
*Alternativa (D): … embora os valores de calorias e pontos sejam visíveis. (linha 33)
*Alternativa (E): ... e tragédias médicas que acabam afligindo quase todos os americanos. (linhas 53-54)
The word "tragic" in "tragic outcomes" (lines 51-52) can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
a) theatrical.
b) mild.
c) lethal.
d) severe.
e) smooth.
*Alternativa (A): teatral.
*Alternativa (B): leve.
*Alternativa (C): letal.
*Alternativa (D): severo/grave.
*Alternativa (E): suave.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
A palavra TRAGIC(trágico) em TRAGIC OUTCOMES(resultados trágicos)(linhas 51 a 52) pode ser substituída, sem mudança de significado, por*Alternativa (A): teatral.
*Alternativa (B): leve.
*Alternativa (C): letal.
*Alternativa (D): severo/grave.
*Alternativa (E): suave.
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