IADES–DIPLOMATA–CACD–2019–WRITING EXAMINATION–LÍNGUA INGLESA – GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO.

 Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: IADES-2019-DIPLOMATA-CACD-2ªFASE-WRITING EXAMINATION.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: https://www.iades.com.br/

➧ ESTRUTURA-WRITING EXAMINATION-2019:

➭ COMPOSITION – 50 points.

- Assunto (geral) – Text 1 & Text 2.

- Tema (específico) – Discuta se e em que medida as mudanças tecnológicas e econômicas nas últimas décadas transformaram a natureza intrínseca da diplomacia e da política internacional.

➭ SUMMARY – 15 points.

-Text (8 parágrafos) - Latin American Diplomacy & The Sage Handbook of Diplomacy. 

➭ TRANSLATION (English/Portuguese) – 20 points.

- Text (1 parágrafo) - The Road to Wigan Pier | Literatura.

➭ VERSION (Portuguese/English) – 15 points.

- Text (2 parágrafos) - Cerrados | Literatura.

➭ PROVA:

Read the following texts carefully.

Text 1

    

How can he explain to him? The world is not run from where he thinks. Not from his border fortresses, not even from Whitehall. The world is run from Antwerp, from Florence, from places he has never imagined; from Lisbon, from where the ships with sails of silk drift west and are burned up in the sun. Not from castle walls, but from counting houses, not by the call of the bugle but by the click of the abacus, not by the grate and click of the mechanism of the gun but by the scrape of the pen on the page of the promissory note that pays for the gun and the gunsmith and the powder and shot.

Mantel, Hilary. (2010) Wolf Hall: a novel.

Picador, p. 349.

Text 2

    [Diplomats] need to understand JPMorgan Chase or Google’s diplomatic machinery in the way that they understand China’s. They should be competing with the best technology they can lay their hands on. They should be on a digital war footing.

    

I often ask people who they think will have the greatest influence on the twenty-first century – Google or Britain? Increasingly, most say Google. I want to show in this book how they can be proved wrong. Google has been a technological superpower for a decade. Britain has been one for at least 250 years.

Fletcher, Tom. (2017) William Collins,

p. 17, with adaptations.

Discuss whether and to what extent technological and economic changes over the past few decades have transformed the intrinsic nature of diplomacy and (or) international politics. Draw connections between the ideas in the two texts.

Text length: 45 to 50 lines

[value: 50,00 points]

Read the following text carefully.

    The train bore me away, through the monstrous scenery. This was March, but the weather had been horribly cold and everywhere there were mounds of blackened snow. As we moved slowly through the outskirts of the town we passed row after row of little grey slum houses running at right angles to the embankment. At the back of one of the houses a young woman was kneeling on the stones, poking a stick up the leaden waste-pipe which ran from the sink inside and which I suppose was blocked. I had time to see everything about her – her coarse apron, her clumsy boots, her arms reddened by the cold. She looked up as the train passed, and I was almost near enough to catch her eye. She had a round pale face, the usual exhausted face of the slum girl who is twenty-five and looks forty, thanks to miscarriages and drudgery; and it wore, for the second in which I saw it, the most desolate, hopeless expression I have ever seen. It struck me then that we are mistaken when we say that “It isn’t the same for them as it would be for us”, and that people bred in the slums can imagine nothing but the slums. For what I saw in her face was not the ignorant suffering of an animal. She knew well enough what was happening to her – understood as well as I did how dreadful a destiny it was to be kneeling there in the bitter cold, on the slimy stone of a slum backyard, poking a stick up a foul drain-pipe.

Orwell, George. (1972) The Road to Wigan Pier

Mariner Books. pp. 20-1, with adaptations

Translate this excerpt into Portuguese.

[value: 20,00 points]

Read the following text carefully.

    A literatura brasileira construiu uma concepção do Brasil, projetando a visão que temos de nós, a maneira como nos compreendemos e nos representamos. É uma concepção plural, e nisso reside sua força e vigor – que é literário, cultural e político. A pluralidade é resultado do empenho por meio do qual projetos minoritários de Brasil foram expressos e preservados. A questão é: qual o sentido desses projetos ainda hoje? Projetos alternativos coexistem, na maioria das vezes, em condição de inferioridade, com o projeto de Brasil elaborado e levado a cabo pelas elites. Considera-se, também, que os projetos das elites ganham significado maior quando percebemos neles contradições, ou seja, quando neles percebemos as vozes das classes oprimidas. Enquanto houver contradição, convém dizer, o empenho continua, a História também.

    Os antecessores de Machado de Assis tentavam ver o Brasil com os olhos europeus, indicando os caminhos para que o País pudesse acertar o passo com o progresso da civilização. Machado inverte o olhar: a Europa civilizada passa a ser vista pela ótica brasileira. Quando Machado publica suas obras fundamentais, a formação do sistema literário brasileiro se completa. Entenda-se por isso: produz as primeiras grandes obras de valor estético universal. Sendo um escritor identificado com os valores cosmopolitas, que desqualificou a busca da cor local como caminho para a excelência literária, sua obra, entretanto, está ancorada no ponto de vista local. Só que, agora, local já não é sinônimo de pitoresco, é aquele sentimento íntimo do tempo e da História.

BASTOS, Hermenegildo. In: Cerrados.Revista do

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura,

n. 21, ano 15, 2006, p. 91-112,

com adaptações.

Translate this excerpt into English.

[value: 15,00 points]

Read the following text carefully.

    After the close of the 2003 World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial meeting in Cancun, Mexico, United States Trade Representative Robert Zoellick unleashed a stinging attack on Brazil and its Latin American partners in the G-20 trade negotiating coalition. Lamenting the failure to reach agreement on the US/EU proposal to conclude the Doha round, Zoellick (2003) criticized Brazil’s “tactics of confrontation”, refusal to compromise and insistence on a “massive list of required changes” to the chairperson’s discussion text. The tension between the Brazilian-led G-20 negotiating coalition and the US offers a highly illustrative point to initiating a discussion on contemporary Latin American diplomacy.

CHANGING TRADITIONAL VIEWS: LATIN AMERICA IS NOT A HOMOGENOUS ENTITY

    Perhaps the cleverest element of Zoellick’s blast against Brazil was the emphasis on how the G-20 not only violated pan-Southern solidarity by rejecting a text from the Thai WTO Director General Supachai Panitchpakdi, but also invalidated the supposedly rooted idea of intra-Latin American unity. As Zoellick highlighted, the text blocked by the G-20 was drafted by the WTO’s General Council chairperson Carlos Pérez del Castillo, Uruguay’s ambassador to the organization. In his ire, Zoellick appeared to be assuming Latin America can be viewed as a homogeneous unit with consistent shared interests and attitudes. The region is instead comprised of countries possessing a wide range of geographic, demographic, economic and historical characteristics impacting their independent foreign policy positions. “Latin America” as a “unity” is itself an externally devised notion promoted by the French in the 1830s in an effort to create an implicit sense of alliance between the region and Romancelanguage European countries engaged in a struggle with their Anglo-Saxon and Slavic neighbors. The French idea of “Latin America” as a contiguous unit did stick in the Washington policy consciousness during the 1800s when gunboat diplomacy sustained US efforts to establish the Western Hemisphere as its exclusive zone of influence.

    While there has been important variation in how Washington has attempted to manage the different countries, the general tone and approach has started from a remarkably similar place whether the US counterpart was Brazil, Bolivia, Costa Rica or Mexico. Even the regional organizations spanning the hemisphere, such as the Organization of American States, have been seen as opportunistic tools for Washington, not forums within which to engage in serious problem-solving or issue management. Per the tradition initiated with the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, Latin America has remained a question of bilateral management and control for Washington (HAKIM, 2006).

    The combination of somewhat comparable histories of Iberian colonization, geographic continuity on a common continental land mass, similarities in language – Brazilian diplomats speak fluent Spanish –, as well as an absence of serious inter-state armed conflict helps to build a sense that the region is harmonious and relatively homogenous. Overlooked in this surface-level sketch is the persistence of rooted tensions and conflicts in the region. Brazil and Mexico have soft contending ambitions for regional leadership, with Argentina often staking its own claim as well. The Bolivian armed forces are led by an admiral as a sustained note of protest against what it claims as Chile’s illegal seizure of its coastal provinces during the 1879–83 War of the Pacific. Peru, too, has border complaints against Chile from that nineteenth century war and only recently settled an additional border conflict with Ecuador in 1998, a dispute which dated from 1942 and saw a series of conflicts and casualties throughout the twentieth century.

If we expand the list of territorial disputes in the region to include trade disagreements, political contretemps, historical misunderstandings and other forms of regional rivalry, we end up with a fairly extensive catalogue of dissent and discord in Latin America. What matters for understanding Latin American diplomacy is that these very real disagreements have a tendency to become of second-order importance to regional diplomats when faced with the need to unify in the face of pressure from a US or Europe that either dismissively tries to aggregate the region into a single, easy to manage unit, or pursues a strategy of divide and conquer to maintain implicit and explicit dominance. This pressure has had a major influence on how Latin American countries approach diplomacy and how they self-consciously exploit the externally created identity of Latin America.

NOT QUITE UNITY, NOT QUITE COALITION

    Thanks to an accommodative and legalistic predilection for talking through disagreements, Latin America has become notable for the absence of inter-state conflicts. Although there are unsolved disputes in the region, resolution is consistently sought through negotiation and arbitration, not armed invasion. Even when conflict has erupted, the tensions appear reluctant and are quickly brought to the negotiating table by other regional countries.

    Perhaps the best theorizing of the lack of inter-state armed hostility within Latin America can be found in the concertación approach to diplomatic management advanced by Argentine scholar Federico Merke (2015). The term concertación has no simple translation into English, being a reflection of an Ibero-American tradition of managing difference and dissent in politics such that it can become a strength rather than source of discord. At the heart lies an informally institutionalized process of summitry and discussion in lieu of power politics. Escalation in Latin American terms means the convocation of presidential diplomacy to discuss the matter of dissent, not the deployment of military forces to border regions. More significantly, it is often not just the presidents of the directly affected countries that meet, but rather the region’s leadership or a delegated sub-grouping of ministers or national presidents.

Although there are a series of semi-regular presidential summits through groupings such as UNASUR, MERCOSUR, CELAC and so on, the concertación process is not rooted in a formalized framework, but rather exists as a convention embedded in the region’s shared legalistic approach to international affairs. Chief amongst the legal norms driving concertación are the interlinked principles of sovereignty and nonaggression. Although precise interpretations are debated, there is cross-national agreement in Latin America that respect of international law is essential for mutual security and that great emphasis should be placed upon setting and observing the rules. The depth of concertación strategies of avoiding military conflict have been highlighted over the last fifteen years as substantial increases in military expenditure by many regional countries have resulted in increases in mutual confidence, not a rise of distrust-fueled arms races (VILLA; WEIFFEN, 2014).

Burges, Sean; Chagas Bastos, Fabrício. Latin American Diplomacy. In: Constantinou, Costas; Kerr, Pauline; Sharp, Paul (Orgs.). (2016) The Sage Handbook of Diplomacy. London: Sage Publications Ltd., with adaptations.

Write a summary of the text in your own words using up to 50 lines.

Text length: up to 50 lines

[value: 15,00 points]  

DIPLOMATA–CACD–WRITING EXAMINATION–2019–2ª FASE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–CEBRASPE.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

DIPLOMATA-CACD-WRITING EXAMINATION-2019-2ª FASE-CEBRASPE.

❑ ESTRUTURA-WRITING EXAMINATION:

• COMPOSITION – | Why the World Went to War. | 50 points |
• TRANSLATION – | 20 points |
• VERSION – | 15 points |
• SUMMARY – | Diplomacy in the digital age | 5 points |

❑ PROVA:

❑ REDAÇÃO:

Read the following texts carefully.

    When the statesmen who took Europe to war in 1914 came to write their memoirs, they agreed on one thing: that war had been inevitable — the result of such vast historical forces that no human agency could have prevented it. “The nations slithered over the brink into the boiling cauldron of war,” wrote David Lloyd George in a famous passage in his War Memoirs. Nor was this the only metaphor he employed to convey the vast, impersonal forces at work...

Niall Ferguson. Why the World Went to War.

Penguin, 2005, p. 1 (adapted).

In light of the quote above, comment on the conclusion the statesmen had come to, regarding the inevitability of the First World War. Mention and explain some of the circumstances that induced them individually to arrive at such a common judgement.

Extensão: 400 a 450 palavras

[valor: 50,00 pontos]

❑ TRADUÇÃO 1:

Translate the following excerpt into Portuguese.

[valor: 20,00 pontos]

    Consider the subtleness of the sea; how its most dreaded creatures glide under water, unapparent for the most part, and treacherously hidden beneath the loveliest tints of azure. Consider also the devilish brilliance and beauty of many of its most remorseless tribes, as the dainty embellished shape of many species of sharks. Consider, once more, the universal cannibalism of the sea; all whose creatures prey upon each other, carrying on the eternal war since the world began. Consider all this; and then turn to this green, gentle, and most docile earth; consider them both, the sea and the land; and do you not find a strange analogy to something in yourself? For as this appalling ocean surrounds the verdant land, so in the soul of man there lies one insular Tahiti, full of peace and joy, but surrounded by all the horrors of the half-known life. God keep thee! Push not off from that isle, thou canst never return!

Herman Melville. Moby Dick.

Penguin books, 1994 (adapted).

❑ TRADUÇÃO 2:

Translate the following excerpt into English.

[valor: 15,00 pontos]

    Nenhum povo está mais distante dessa noção ritualista da vida do que o brasileiro. Nossa forma ordinária de relações sociais é fundamentalmente o oposto de polidez. Ela pode iludir na aparência, e isso se explica pelo fato de a atitude polida consistir precisamente em uma espécie de mímica deliberada de manifestações que são espontâneas no “homem cordial”; é a forma natural e viva convertida em fórmula. Além disso a polidez é, de algum modo, uma organização da defesa ante a sociedade. Está na parte exterior, superficial do indivíduo, podendo mesmo servir, quando necessário, de meio de resistência. Equivale a um disfarce que permitirá a cada um de nós preservar intatas nossa sensibilidade e emoções.

    Por meio de semelhante padronização das formas exteriores da cordialidade, que não precisam ser legítimas para se manifestarem, revela-se um decisivo triunfo do espírito. Armado dessa máscara, o indivíduo mantém sua supremacia ante a sociedade. Com efeito, a polidez implica uma presença contínua e soberana do indivíduo.

Sérgio Buarque de Holanda.

Raízes do Brasil. 26.ª ed. São Paulo:

Companhia das Letras, 1995, p. 147

(com adaptações).

❑ RESUMO:

Write a summary in your own words (280 minimum to 400 maximum) of the following text.

[valor: 15,00 pontos]

    People have huge amounts of information to deal with. How do you do this as diplomats? Do you keep it close to your chest? Does information mean power? Or do you share the information with the network in which you are increasingly operating? The playing field is changing very rapidly, partly as a result of digitalisation.

Operating in a network

    I used to tell my students that 90% of diplomatic information was in the public domain, but the figure is even higher now. Of course, confidentiality, and even secrecy, are important in diplomacy, particularly when it comes to matters like peace and security. However, diplomatic success depends increasingly on collaboration with others. Collaboration takes place in networks, which are becoming increasingly digital. The rules are not the same as in your own diplomatic circles, where you know roughly how your counterparts work, whatever country they come from. In a network you are not merely an official representative of a government; what defines you more is probably the information you bring to the network. That kind of added value is what people are judged on. That is what you are worth. It is a changing playing field through which information now flows much faster, via your network. And that network is what you rely on.

Role of social media

Everyone immediately thinks of people like Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi or US President Barack Obama, who practise “Twiplomacy” — diplomacy via Twitter. Social media make things more personal and bring people who traditionally operate in the shadows into the limelight, giving an ambassador a face. You can find out what they are doing by following them on their social media account. People also get more “digital personality”. You can be sure that political leaders are cultivating this quite carefully.

    It’s still the early days. Institutions and individuals still have to adjust and find their voice in the digital age. They are wondering what exactly to do on Twitter. What should they say? A personal note must also serve their professional goals. My opinion is that, in reality, diplomats, who have always been quite focused on their own professional group, might continue in the same vein on social media. Meanwhile, it is important to remember that there are different ways of using social media. We often assume that you interact with those around you on social media. You make sure you tweet every day, you join the conversation. But diplomats also use it passively, following what’s happening. It’s a useful tool that allows you to discover things you might not otherwise find, or at least not as quickly. So, in fact you see a conservative diplomat using new media on a new information playing field in the same way as an intelligence officer.

Fine to make mistakes

    The motto at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs used to be “Call DVL!”, the former Information and Communication Department. Wherever you were and whatever happened, if you were approached by the media, you just had to say “Call DVL!”. But that’s all ancient history. The information environment is much more open now, and the people at the embassies have much more freedom to take the initiative. They need background material to give their own account. In this age of social media, we accept that people might make mistakes, and then simply admit it. That’s new. It used to be f atal f or your career if you made a mistake. That created a professional culture in which the approach to providing information was extremely conservative. This is all changing, things are gradually becoming more open. The question is no longer “What can we release?”, but “What do we really need to keep secret?”. An essential difference.

New winners

    Excellence in terms of responding to the digital environment is partly the preserve of the “usual suspects”, like the US and the UK. But Estonia, India, Kosovo and tech champions like South Korea are also responding well. All aspects of diplomatic work can benefit: searching for information, collaborating with others, explaining what you do, negotiating, how open you can be with the outside world. This question of information is increasingly important. Digitisation is also about the modernisation of diplomacy, becoming more experimental, seeing the network more as the starting point. Questions about digitalisation will then automatically find their way onto the agenda. There are in fact only a few countries that take a holistic view. Digital transformation is a trend in the business world, but it is much less so in the public sector. The reality is that many countries simply do not have the capacity. You can perform a conceptual analysis of the impact of big data, but that is only the start of the challenge. It is also a matter of focus. Like in Estonia and Kosovo, where they are thinking creatively about how communications technology and digital technology can help them achieve what they want with few resources. Jan Melissen.

Diplomacy in the digital age:

More than Twiplomacy.

May/2016. Internet: (adapted).

UNESP–VUNESP–2020.1–VESTIBULAR–2ªFASE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNESP-2020-UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA-16/12/19.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 4 Questions.

• Texto (1) – What is Gentrification? – http://archive.pov.org. 

• Texto (2) – Tirinha – Garry Trudeau – www.theguardian.com.

• Texto (2) – Tirinha – Garry Trudeau – www.theguardian.com.

❑ TEXTO 1: Leia o texto para responder, em português.

What is Gentrification?

Gentrification is a general term for the arrival of higher-income people in an existing working-class urban district, causing a related increase in rents and property values, and changes in the district’s character and culture. The term is often used negatively, suggesting the displacement of low-income communities by affluent outsiders. But the effects of gentrification are complex and contradictory, and its real impact varies.

Many aspects of the gentrification process are desirable. Who wouldn’t want to see reduced crime, new investment in buildings and infrastructure, and increased economic activity in their neighborhoods? Unfortunately, the benefits of these changes are often enjoyed disproportionately by the new arrivals, while the established residents find themselves economically and socially marginalized.

Although there is not a clear-cut technical definition of gentrification, it is characterized by several changes:

•  Demographics: An increase in median income, a decline in the proportion of ethnic minorities, and a reduction in household size, as low-income families are replaced by young singles and couples.

•  Real estate markets: Large increases in rents and home prices, increases in the number of evictions, conversion of rental units to ownership (condos) and new development of luxury housing.

•  Land use: A decline in industrial uses, an increase in office or multimedia uses, the development of live-work “lofts” and high-end housing, retail, and restaurants.

•  Culture and character: New ideas about what is desirable and attractive, including standards

(either informal or legal) for architecture, landscaping, public behavior, noise, and nuisance.

(http://archive.pov.org. Adaptado.)

01 – (UNESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

a) Como a pergunta do título do texto é respondida no primeiro parágrafo? Quais consequências da gentrificação para o mercado imobiliário são citadas no primeiro parágrafo?

- Gentrificação é um termo geral para a chegada de pessoas de alta renda em um distrito urbano de classe trabalhadora existente.

- A "gentrificação" causa um aumento relacionado nos aluguéis e valores de propriedade, e mudanças no caráter e na cultura do distrito.

b) De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, por que o termo gentrificação pode ter conotação negativa? Qual ponto de vista é apresentado sobre isso no primeiro parágrafo?

- Porque sugere o deslocamento de comunidades de baixa renda por forasteiros ricos.

- Ponto de vista da chegada de pessoas de alta renda em um distrito urbano de classe trabalhadora existente.

02 – (UNESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

a) De acordo com as informações apresentadas no segundo parágrafo, cite dois aspectos positivos da gentrificação.

-  Redução do crime;

-  Novos investimentos em edifícios e infraestrutura.

b) O final do segundo parágrafo apresenta uma contradição sobre os benefícios da gentrificação. Qual é essa contradição?

- A contradição é que os benefícios dessas mudanças são frequentemente desfrutados de forma desproporcional pelos recém-chegados, enquanto os residentes estabelecidos se encontram econômica e socialmente marginalizados.

❑ TEXTO 2: Examine a tira e releia o texto "What is Gentrification?" para responder, em português, aos itens a e b.

03 – (UNESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

a) Os quadrinhos numerados de 1 a 4 ilustram qual item apresentado no terceiro parágrafo do texto What is Gentrification? Justifique sua resposta.

- Os quadrinhos numerados de 1 a 4 encaixam no item "Cultura e caráter" novas ideias sobre o que é desejável e atraente.

- Os quadrinhos transmitem a ideia da evolução de algo que é desejável:

- No começo, tinha uma barraca de sorvete.(In the beginning, there was an ice cream stand.)

- Então veio a tendência de iogurte congelado com baixo teor de gordura ...(Then came the lowfat frozen yogurt trend...)

- Substituído pela mania do smoothie.(Replaced by the smoothie craze.)

- até que os sabores fiquem mais sofisticados.(until tastes go more upscale.)

b) Qual item apresentado no terceiro parágrafo do texto pode ser associado ao último quadrinho? Justifique sua resposta.

- O item Mercados imobiliários. 

- No 4ª quadrinho vemos personagens em um condomínio de luxo em que um deles sugere tomar um sorvete: Sabe né, eu realmente poderia ir tomar um sorvete!( You know, I could really go for some ice cream!)

❑ TEXTO 3: Examine a tira para responder, em português, aos itens a e b.

(Garry Trudeau. www.theguardian.com)

04 – (UNESP-2020-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-DISCURSIVA)

a) De acordo com o Dr. Dan, como um incorporador imobiliário gentrifica uma área?

- Quando um incorporador compra uma casa deteriorada, em ruínas em uma vizinhança desfavorável e em seguida, ele reforma essa casa, revende-a e assim, atrai outras pessoas com boas condições financeiras.

b) A resposta do Dr. Dan no quarto quadrinho revela que ele se preocupa com o bem-estar dos moradores de baixa renda? Justifique sua resposta.

- Ele não demonstra preocupação com o bem-estar dos moradores de baixa renda.

- Ele afirma preocupar-se com o desenvolvimento econômico em relação do setor imobiliário.

FUVEST/2018 — VESTIBULAR — 2ª FASE — DISCURSIVA — LÍNGUA INGLESA — PROVA COM RESPOSTAS.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• FUVEST-2018-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-08/01/2018.

www.fuvest.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 2 Questions.

• Texto (1) – | Static Character vs Dynamic Character | https://plotboilers.com |

• Texto (2) – | Organic Cotton | http://www.iwearnme.in |

❑ TEXTO 1:

01 – (FUVEST-2018-2ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)

Levando em consideração que o texto busca caracterizar dois tipos de personagens encontradas nas obras de ficção, responda em português:

a) Como o texto caracteriza a personagem estática?

b) O que torna atraente a personagem dinâmica?

RESPOSTAS:

(A) Em relação as personagens estáticas:

* Quando confrontados através de conflitos ou novos ambientes, eles não se convertem ou não se desenvolvem.
* Têm apelo natural e não precisam mudar para agradar aos leitores;
* São personagens ideais para representar o tipo heroico, excêntrico ou carismático.

(B) O que torna atraente a personagem dinâmica:

* Suas falhas os tornam interessantes e suas transformações os tornam agradáveis.
* Tendem a ser personagens que são centrais na história, como protagonista.

❑ TEXTO 2:

02 – (FUVEST-2018-2ªFASE-VESTIBULAR)

Com base nas informações do texto, atenda ao que se pede, redigindo em português.

a) Cite um benefício do cultivo de algodão orgânico para o meio ambiente. Justifique sua resposta.

b) Explique a relação de fazendeiros produtores de algodão orgânico com a comercialização do produto.

RESPOSTAS:

(A) BENEFÍCIO

➦  O cultivo de algodão orgânico não usa pesticidas sintéticos e o não uso de pesticidas perigosos protege a vida, o solo e o meio ambiente dos agricultores.
➦ Os solos orgânicos saudáveis retêm mais carbono, o que ajuda a diminuir em 94% as emissões de gases de efeito estufa.

(A) EXPLICAÇÃO
➦ Ao usar os princípios lícitos de comércio, eles recebem um preço justo por sua produção, o que os impede de serem enganados por intermediários.

UNESP–VUNESP–2011.2–VESTIBULAR–2ªFASE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNESP-2011-UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-2ª FASE.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 04 Questions.
• Text (1) – Bob Marley: Life and Legacy | www.bobmarley.com |
• Text (2) – One Love (Bob Marley) | www.lyrics007.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Leia o texto para responder, em português, as questões de números 01 e 02.

Bob Marley: Life and Legacy

Bob Marley was a hero figure, in the classic mythological sense. His departure from this planet came at a point when his vision of One World, One Love – inspired by his belief in Rastafari – was beginning to be heard and felt.
(…)

Bob's story is that of an archetype, which is why it continues to have such a powerful and ever-growing resonance: it embodies political repression, metaphysical and artistic insights, gangland warfare and various periods of mystical wilderness. And his audience continues to widen: to westerners Bob’s apocalyptic truths prove inspirational and life-changing; in the Third World his impact goes much further. Not just among Jamaicans, but also the Hopi Indians of New Mexico and the Maoris of New Zealand, in Indonesia and India, and especially in those parts of West Africa from which slaves were plucked and taken to the New World, Bob is seen as a redeemer figure returning to lead this.
(…)

The tiny Third World country of Jamaica has produced an artist who has transcended all categories, classes, and creeds through a combination of innate modesty and profound wisdom. Bob Marley, the Natural Mystic, may yet prove to be the most significant musical artist of the twentieth century.
(…)

(www.bobmarley.com/life_and_legacy.php)

01 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-MEIO DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

De acordo com o último parágrafo do texto, Bob Marley pode ser considerado o compositor e músico mais marcante do século vinte (the most significant musical artist of the twentieth century).

Indique dois, dentre os vários argumentos apresentados no texto, que justifiquem essa conclusão.

👍 Resposta   
Para os ocidentais, por exemplo, as verdades de Bob
Marley inspiraram e continuam a inspirar seu público
até hoje, provocando uma mudança de vida nas pessoas.
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL 1: Bob é visto como uma FIGURA REDENTORA(Bob is seen as a redeemer figure returning to lead this.)
"[...] Not just among Jamaicans, but also the Hopi Indians of New Mexico and the Maoris of New Zealand, in Indonesia and India, and especially in those parts of West Africa from which slaves were plucked and taken to the New World, Bob is seen as a redeemer figure returning to lead this."
(Não apenas entre os jamaicanos, mas também os índios Hopi do Novo México e os Maoris da Nova Zelândia, na Indonésia e na Índia, e especialmente naquelas partes da África Ocidental de onde os escravos foram arrancados e levados para o Novo Mundo, Bob é visto como um figura redentora retornando para liderar isso.)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL 2: Bob Marley transcendeu todas as categorias, classes e credos através de uma combinação de uma modéstia inata e profunda sabedoria.
"[...] The tiny Third World country of Jamaica has produced an artist who has transcended all categories, classes, and creeds through a combination of innate modesty and profound wisdom. Bob Marley, the Natural Mystic, may yet prove to be the most significant musical artist of the twentieth century."
(O pequeno país do Terceiro Mundo da Jamaica produziu um artista que transcendeu todas as categorias, classes e credos através de uma combinação de modéstia inata e profunda sabedoria. Bob Marley, o Natural Mystic, ainda pode revelar-se o artista musical mais importante do século XX.)

02 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-MEIO DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Dê os significados, no texto, das seguintes palavras e expressões: departure from this planet, to widen, slaves were plucked e profound wisdom.

👍 Resposta   
➦"departure from this planet" ➜ "partida deste planeta".
➦"to widen" ➜ "increase"(aumentar).
➦"slaves were plucked" ➜ "escravos foram arrancados".
➦"profound wisdom" ➜ "sabedoria profunda". 

❑ TEXTO 2: Leia a letra da música para responder, em português, as questões de números 03 e 04.

One Love (Bob Marley)

One Love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right
Hear the children crying (One love)
Hear the children crying (One heart)
Sayin', "Give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right"

Sayin', "Let's get together and feel all right"
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa

Let them all pass all their dirty remarks (One love)
There is one question I'd really love to ask (One heart)
Is there a place for the hopeless sinner
Who has hurt all mankind just to save his own?
Believe me

One Love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right
As it was in the beginning (One love)
So shall it be in the end (One heart)
Alright, "Give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right"
"Let’s get together and feel all right."
One more thing

Let's get together to fight this Holy Armageddon (One love)
So when the Man comes there will be no, no doom (One song)
Have pity on those whose chances grow thinner
There ain’t no hiding place from the Father of Creation

Sayin', "One love, one heart
Let's get together and feel all right."
I’m pleading to mankind (One love)
Oh Lord (One heart) Whoa.

"Give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right."
Let's get together and feel all right

(www.lyrics007.com)

03 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-MEIO DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Explique o significado do verso Have pity on those whose chances grow thinner no contexto da letra de One Love.

A quem se refere a palavra those, e por que se afirma, sobre essas pessoas, que chances grow thinner?

👍 Resposta   
➦"Have pity on those whose chances grow thinner" ➜ Tenha pena daqueles cujas chances apertadas diminuem com a chegada do Pai da Criação.
➦O pronome THOSE refere-se aos ➜ pecadores sem esperança.
"[...]
Let them all pass all their dirty remarks (One love)
There is one question I'd really love to ask (One heart)
Is there a place for the hopeless sinner
Who has hurt all mankind just to save his own?
Believe me"
(Deixe todos eles passarem todos os seus comentários sujos (Um amor)
Há uma pergunta que eu realmente gostaria de perguntar (um coração)
Existe um lugar para o pecador sem esperança?
Quem machucou toda a humanidade apenas para salvar a sua própria?
Acredite em mim)
"[...]
Let's get together to fight this Holy Armageddon (One love)
So when the Man comes there will be no, no doom (One song)
Have pity on those whose chances grow thinner
There ain't no hiding place from the Father of Creation"
(Vamos nos reunir para lutar contra este Santo Armagedom (um amor)
Então, quando o homem chegar, não haverá nenhuma desgraça (uma canção)
Tenha pena daqueles cujas chances diminuem
Não há esconderijo do Pai da Criação)

04 – (UNESP-2011-VESTIBULAR-MEIO DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Considerando-se a mensagem principal e as demais ideias contidas na letra de One Love, a quem se refere a expressão the hopeless sinner, e qual a culpa atribuída a essas pessoas?

👍 Resposta   
➦A expressão THE HOPELESS SINNER(o pecador sem esperança) refere-se á pessoas egoístas que fizeram mal a toda a humanidade.