FCC-2009-AFR-SEFAZ/SP- AGENTE FISCAL DE RENDAS (01/08/2009) - SEFAZ/SP - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de Inglês resolvida e comentada.

Hey,what's up guys!!!...How have you been?!

👍Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS - Órgão: SEFAZ-SP - CARGO: Agente Fiscal de Rendas. Aplicada em 03/2009.

[a]Banca/Organizador

FCC - Fundação Carlos Chagas.

[b]Padrão da PROVA:
➦02 Textos.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 04 alternativas cada, tudo em inglês)
➦Compreensão Textual do inglês.
➦Uso do inglês.
👉  Texto 1   "State Income-Tax Revenues Sink"(Poupança Estadual do Imposto de Renda - Imposto) 

➦ Tema abordado:   
➦ Fonte: Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2009 

👉  Texto 2   "Two Meals and Not Always Square"(Duas refeições e nem sempre quadrada) 
➦ Tema abordado:  
➦ Fonte: The New York Times, June 20, 2009 

[c]Dicionários sugestivos
Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os 03(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
➧[]
🔄Phrasal Verbs:

➧[]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
👉["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
👉["]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos/substantivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
👉["]
🔄Expressões: 25 verbs/nouns que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões: verbs/nouns que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU, VIROU(amend,barter,change ,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch ,swop,vary, turn around):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]  
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

["]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➧[]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
👉["]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

["]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]

🔄Expressões comuns:
➧["]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
➧[)]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos :
["]
🔄Tax English(Inglês de Tributação) - Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos na ÁREA DE TRIBUTAÇÃO:
➧["]

🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
["]
🔄Questions:
[?"]

🔄Falso cognato:
➧[)]

Instruções: Para responder às questões de números 91 a 95, considere o texto a seguir.

State Income-Tax Revenues Sink

By ERICA ALINI

          State income-tax revenue fell 26% in the first four months of 2009 compared to the same period last year, according to a survey of states by the nonprofit Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government.

          The report, conducted by the public-policy research arm of the State University of New York, is one of the most up-todate measures of how deep the recession is digging into Americans' wallets and, consequently, state coffers.

          States are required by law to balance the budget, so lower tax revenues will translate in service cuts, rather than red ink. Already states such as Kansas are slowing the payment of income-tax refunds and delaying payments to local school districts, according to the report.

          Withholdings from the first four months of 2009 were down 6.9% from the same period in 2008, signaling that "many people had a very bad start of the year" with lower salaries and wages, says Don Boyd, a senior fellow at the Rockefeller Institute.

          During April alone, withholding tax collections declined by 2.2 percent compared with 2008. Only five of 37 reporting states had increases in withholding for the January-April months. The five states reporting growth in withholding taxes for the first four months of 2009 are Arkansas, Iowa, North Dakota, West Virginia and Utah. Arizona, Louisiana, New Jersey and New York had the largest declines in withholding tax collections, with over a 10 percent drop for January-April of 2009.

          The time span notably includes the April 15 deadline for filing taxes, a critical time for states to collect revenues.
          The sharp decline was a rude awakening for many states, both because income tax is the main source of revenue and because the drop was deeper than KKKK [VERB] It was steepest in Arizona, South Carolina, Michigan, California and Vermont. Only Utah, Alabama and North Dakota posted gains.

          For most states, the fiscal year starts on July 1, so many were "in the process of dotting i's and crossing t's" in their 2009- 2010 budget agreements when the bad news came. Most states will probably need to square the budget with midyear cuts, the

report predicts.

          The plunge in income-tax revenue means some states may have to revise budget agreements for 2009-2010 and may still face gaping holes in 2011, when federal stimulus money runs out.

Adapted from Wall Street Journal, June 18, 2009)

👉  Questão   91 
Considerando tão-somente o texto, a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna [VERB] é

(A) waited.

(B) hoped for.

(C) wanted.

(D) longed for.

(E) expected.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  91(E) 

*

👉  Questão   92 

No texto, infere-se que rather than red ink significa

(A) melhor do que aumentar a burocracia.

(B) ao contrário do orçamento original.

(C) em vez de entrar no vermelho.

(D) em detrimento de uma economia “cor-de-rosa”.

(E) devido à arrecadação abaixo da esperada.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  92(C) 

*

👉  Questão   93 
O verbo que pertence ao mesmo grupo semântico de sink– fall – decline – drop é

(A) plunge.

(B) dig.

(C) run out.

(D) balance.

(E) collect.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  93(A) 

*

👉  Questão   94 
Segundo o texto,

(A) apesar da crise, o estado do Kansas está mantendo o cronograma de restituições do imposto de renda.

(B) vários estados estão atrasando os pagamentos para os distritos de ensino locais.

(C) New Jersey e New York estão entre os estados que não sofreram queda na arrecadação.

(D) não há correlação entre a crise econômica global e a baixa arrecadação dos cofres públicos.

(E) os estados que não conseguirem equilibrar seus orçamentos poderão, por lei, recorrer à ajuda federal.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  94(B) 

*

👉  Questão   95 
According to the text,

(A) state income tax revenue fell not only because of

lower wages and salaries, but also due to tax

evasion.

(B) in spite of the global recession, US income tax

collections have shown a modest increase in states

like California and Vermont.

(C) income tax withholdings bear no relationship to

citizens’ wages and salaries.

(D) income tax is not the only source of state revenue, but the major one.

(E) although most American sates experienced

considerably lower personal income tax collections in

the first four months of 2009, predictions are that

they will have fully recovered by 2011.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  95(D) 

*

Instruções: Para responder às questões de números 96 a 100,

considere o texto a seguir.

Two Meals and Not Always Square

           With budgets tight, states and local governments have been looking at prisons − and prison food − as a place to save money. Three days a week, Georgia now serves inmates only two meals. And across the country, there have been increasing

reports of substandard food. This is inhumane. Adequate meals should be a nonnegotiable part of a civilized penal system. It is also bad policy. Researchers have found a connection between

poor food quality and discipline problems and violence.

          Georgia has __[CONNECTOR]__ decided to save on staff costs by serving just two meals on Friday, as it already did on Saturday and Sunday. The state says it gives prisoners the same number of calories on days when one meal is skipped. Even if it does − and some prisoners’ advocates are skeptical − it can be oppressive to go so long without eating.

          In Alabama earlier this year, a federal judge ordered the Morgan County sheriff locked up in his own jail for contempt for failing to adequately feed his inmates. Alabama allows sheriffs to keep food money they do not spend, and the sheriff reportedly

pocketed more than $200,000 over three years.

          Prisoners’ rights advocates say they are receiving an increasing number of complaints from inmates nationwide who report being served spoiled or inedible food or inadequate portions. Earlier this year, a riot at Reeves County Detention Center in Texas caused heavy damage to a prison building.

Inmates said it was prompted in part by poor food.

           Cutbacks in food could violate inmates’ constitutional rights, notes Elizabeth Alexander, director of the American Civil Liberties Union’s National Prison Project, if they create a substantial risk of serious harm − a particular concern for

inmates with diabetes and other illnesses.

          If states and localities want to save money on

corrections, they should reduce their prison and jail populations. The United States, which has less than 5 percent of the world’s population, has almost one-quarter of its prisoners. Many are in for nonviolent crimes that could be punished in more constructive, and less costly, ways. If governments decide to put

inmates behind bars, they have to give them adequate food − which means no less than three healthy meals a day.

(Adapted from The New York Times, June 20, 2009)

👉  Questão   96 
A alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna [CONNECTOR] é

(A) although.

(B) despite.

(C) therefore.

(D) consequently.

(E) nevertheless.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  96(E) 

*

👉  Questão   97 
In the sentence Adequate meals should be a nonnegotiable part of a civilized penal system, the underlined part means that adequate meals should be

(A) taken for granted.

(B) discussed with inmates.

(C) supervised by a nutrionist.

(D) a disputable part.

(E) non chargeable.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  97(A) 

*

👉  Questão   98 
Evidence for the connection mentioned in the first

paragraph has been provided

(A) nationwide.

(B) in Texas.

(C) in Georgia.

(D) in Alabama.

(E) nowhere.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  98(B) 

*

👉  Questão   99 
According to the text,

(A) Georgia decided to serve only two meals three times a week to save on food costs.

(B) some prisoners’ advocates claim inadequate meals or portions violate inmates’ constitutional rights.

(C) the Morgan County sheriff managed to save

$200,000 on prison food by inadequately feeding his

inmates.

(D) inmates suffering from diabetes or any other serious illnesses should be given special dietary meals.

(E) complaints about prison food have been filed in just a few states so far.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  99(C) 

*

👉  Questão   100 
The text argues that

(A) the US should invest in adequate prison facilities so as to reduce inmates’ violence.

(B) cutbacks in the number of meals are only acceptable

if food quality and calories are not endangered.

(C) prisons which serve spoiled or inedible food to their inmates should be severely punished.

(D) perpetrators of non-violent crimes should not be

imprisoned.

(E) prisons must find less costly ways of looking after

their inmates.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito item  100(D) 

*