CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS-2005-Concurso Público para Nível Superior(vários cargos) da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2005 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo: Cargos de Nível Superior-Prova aplicada em 18/12/2005.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com

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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦02 Textos.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

[c]Dicionários sugestivos

Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os 03(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Phrasal Verbs:

➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):

➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
➽[ ➝ ] 
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:

➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões comuns:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
[OECD(ôuissidi)=Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development="Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico"]
[World oil demand="Demanda mundial do petróleo"]
[OPEC(ôupék)=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries="Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo"]
[non-OPEC="os países que não fazem parte da OPEC"]
[the ongoing refinery construction="A construção contínua da refinaria"]
[World oil demand="Demanda mundial do petróleo"]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Questions:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[ ➝ ]

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Agora vamos à prova!
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Text I:

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WHY DO WE NEED OIL AND GAS?

September 11, 2008

Low-tech Magazine 

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Oil and natural gas are an important part of your everyday life. Not only do they give us mobility, they heat and cool our homes and provide electricity. Millions of products are made from oil and gas, including plastics, life-saving medications, clothing, cosmetics, and many other items you may use daily. In the United States, 97% of the energy that drives the transportation sector (cars, buses, subways, railroads, airplanes, etc.) comes from fuels made from oil. Auto manufacturers are developing cars to run on alternate fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and ethanol. However, the electric batteries need to be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas. The hydrogen needed for fuel cells may be generated from natural gas or petroleum-based products. Even as alternative fuels are developed, oil will be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for the foreseeable future. Unless there is an increase in the penetration of new technologies, alternative fuels are not expected to become competitive with oil for transportation before 2025. World population is currently around 6 billion people, but is expected to grow to approximately 7.6 billion by 2020. That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas. The world economy runs on these fuels. They improve your quality of life by providing you with transportation, warmth, light, and many everyday products. They enable you to get where you need to go, they supply products you need, and they create jobs. Without them, quality of life would decline and people in developing nations would not be able to improve their standard of living.
http://www.spe.org/spe/jsp/basic/0,1104_1008218_1108884,00.html
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👉 Questão  11 :
The main purpose of Text 1 is to:
(A) analyze in detail how global economy works.
(B) provide all available data on world population growth.
(C) explain the importance of oil and gas in our daily routines.
(D) criticize auto manufacturers in the U.S. for using fuels made from oil.
(E) warn against the explosive population growth expected in the near future.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) analyze in detail how global economy works.
(B) provide all available data on world population growth.
(C) explain the importance of oil and gas in our daily routines.
(D) criticize auto manufacturers in the U.S. for using fuels made from oil.

(E) warn against the explosive population growth expected in the near future.
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👉 Questão  12 :
Mark the only true statement according to the second paragraph of Text 1.
(A) By the year 2025 oil fuels will no longer be used in the transportation sector.
(B) In the U.S., less than half of the energy used for transportation derives from oil.
(C) Alternative fuels may become competitive with oil for transportation from 2025 on.
(D) In the near future all American-made cars will run on alternative fuels such as hydrogen.
(E) Manufacturers have developed battery-powered cars, whose batteries do not need recharging.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) By the year 2025 oil fuels will no longer be used in the transportation sector.
(B) In the U.S., less than half of the energy used for transportation derives from oil.
(C) Alternative fuels may become competitive with oil for transportation from 2025 on.
(D) In the near future all American-made cars will run on alternative fuels such as hydrogen.
(E) Manufacturers have developed battery-powered cars, whose batteries do not need recharging.
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👉 Questão  13 :
Mark the correct statement concerning reference.
(A) “Your” (line 1) refers to “oil and natural gas”.
(B) “They” (line 17) refers to “alternative fuels”.
(C) “That” (line 24) refers to “6 billion people”.
(D) “These fuels” (line 27) refers to “oil and natural gas”.
(E) “They” in “they enable you” (line 30) refers to “everyday products”.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “Your” (line 1) refers to “oil and natural gas”.
(B) “They” (line 17) refers to “alternative fuels”.
(C) “That” (line 24) refers to “6 billion people”.
(D) “These fuels” (line 27) refers to “oil and natural gas”.
(E) “They” in “they enable you” (line 30) refers to “everyday products”.
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👉 Questão  14 :
In the Text 1, the words “daily” (line 6) and “currently” (line 22) could be replaced with, respectively:
(A) “seldom” and “actually”.
(B) “frequently” and “now”.
(C) “in daytime” and “today”.
(D) “habitually” and “generally”.
(E) “every day” and “presently”.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “seldom” and “actually”.
(B) “frequently” and “now”.
(C) “in daytime” and “today”.
(D) “habitually” and “generally”.
(E) “every day” and “presently”.
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👉 Questão  15 :
Check the item in which there is a correct correspondence between the underlined words and the idea in italics.
(A) “Not only do they give…” (line 2) – Condition.
(B) “alternate fuels such as electricity” (lines 10 -11) – Addition.
(C) “However, the electric batteries…” (lines 11 -12) – Contrast.
(D) “Even as alternative fuels are developed”. (lines 15 -16) – Cause.
(E) “…but is expected to grow to…” (line 23) – Result.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “Not only do they give…” (line 2) – Condition.
(B) “alternate fuels such as electricity” (lines 10 -11) – Addition.
(C) “However, the electric batteries…” (lines 11 -12) – Contrast.
(D) “Even as alternative fuels are developed”. (lines 15 -16) – Cause.
(E) “…but is expected to grow to…” (line 23) – Result.
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Text 2

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CONCEPTS OF LEADERSHIP

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Good leaders are made, not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience.

To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills.

Before we get started, let’s define leadership. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization, this power does not make you a leader...it simply makes you the boss. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals, rather than simply bossing people around.

The basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. In your employees’ eyes, your leadership is everything you do that effects the organization’s objectives and their well being. Respected leaders concentrate on what they are (such as beliefs and character), what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature), and what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and providing direction).
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html
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👉 Questão  16 :
Text 2 affirms that good leaders:
(A) believe that the skills and abilities necessary to leadership are innate.
(B) should never let themselves be influenced by their subordinates or co-workers.
(C) must continually teach their co-workers how to develop leadership skills.
(D) keep on improving their skills through continuous work and education.
(E) would acquire more work experience if they had greater willpower.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) believe that the skills and abilities necessary to leadership are innate.
(B) should never let themselves be influenced by their subordinates or co-workers.
(C) must continually teach their co-workers how to develop leadership skills.
(D) keep on improving their skills through continuous work and education.
(E) would acquire more work experience if they had greater willpower.
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👉 Questão  17 :
“To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork” (Text 2, line 5) means to:
(A) advise your subordinates to form different groups within the organization.
(B) encourage people under your lead to improve their ability to work together.
(C) urge all the workers to do their best to achieve higher positions in the company.
(D) teach your employees how to work cooperatively to increase profits.
(E) convince the organization’s employees that they must work in teams.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) advise your subordinates to form different groups within the organization.
(B) encourage people under your lead to improve their ability to work together.
(C) urge all the workers to do their best to achieve higher positions in the company.
(D) teach your employees how to work cooperatively to increase profits.
(E) convince the organization’s employees that they must work in teams.
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👉 Questão  18 :
According to Text 2 (lines 16 - 22), the difference between bosses and leaders is that:
(A) leaders are more influential and inspiring to their workers.
(B) leaders are not usually allowed to give orders to people.
(C) leaders often seem more authoritarian and demanding than bosses.
(D) bosses tend to be selfish and to neglect the workers’ well-being.
(E) bosses are not fully respected by their employees and peers.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) leaders are more influential and inspiring to their workers.
(B) leaders are not usually allowed to give orders to people.
(C) leaders often seem more authoritarian and demanding than bosses.
(D) bosses tend to be selfish and to neglect the workers’ well-being.
(E) bosses are not fully respected by their employees and peers.
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👉 Questão  19 :
In the sentence, “Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values…and skills” (lines 14 -16), the underlined expression means the same as:
(A) plan.
(B) conduct.
(C) evaluate.
(D) call off.
(E) put an end to.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) plan.
(B) conduct.
(C) evaluate.
(D) call off.
(E) put an end to.
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👉 Questão  20 :
Texts 1 and 2 have in common the fact that they are:
(A) alarming and ironical.
(B) pessimistic and hopeless.
(C) distressing and discouraging.
(D) indifferent and cynical.
(E) informative and objective.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) alarming and ironical.
(B) pessimistic and hopeless.
(C) distressing and discouraging.
(D) indifferent and cynical.
(E) informative and objective.