CESGRANRIO 2011 – SUAPE – NÍVEL SUPERIOR – LÍNGUA INGLESA

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CESGRANRIO-2010-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR-01/03/2011.

www.cesgranrio.org.br

❑ ORGANIZADOR: https://www.cesgranrio.org.br/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➧ 5 MCQs (Multiple-Choice Questions) | 5 Options Each Question.

➧ Text – | Cleaning up a spill | www.usatoday.com |

❑ TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO:

Cleaning up a spill

Limpando um derramamento

Written by Laura Hill

Water and oil don’t mix. – Água e óleo não se misturam.

We see this every day; just try washing olive oil off your hands without soap or washing your face in the morning with only water. – Vemos isso todos os dias; experimente lavar o azeite das mãos sem sabão ou lavar o rosto pela manhã apenas com água.

It just doesn’t work! – Simplesmente não funciona!

When an oil spill occurs in the ocean, like the catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico, what do scientists do to clean up the toxic mess? – Quando ocorre um derramamento de óleo no oceano, como a catástrofe no Golfo do México, o que os cientistas fazem para limpar a bagunça tóxica?

There are a number of options for an oil spill cleanup and most efforts use a combination of many techniques. – Existem várias opções para a limpeza de derramamentos de óleo e a maioria dos esforços usa uma combinação de muitas técnicas.

The fact that oil and water don’t mix is a blessing and a curse. If oil mixed with water, it would be difficult to divide the two. – O fato de óleo e água não se misturarem é uma bênção e uma maldição. Se o óleo fosse misturado com água, seria difícil dividir os dois.

Crude oil is less dense than water; it spreads out to make a very thin layer (about one millimetre thick) that floats on top of the water. – O petróleo bruto é menos denso que a água; ele se espalha formando uma camada muito fina (cerca de um milímetro de espessura) que flutua no topo da água.

This is good because we can tell what is water and what is oil. It is also bad, because it means the oil can spread really quickly and cover a very large area, which becomes difficult to manage. – Isto é bom porque podemos dizer o que é água e o que é óleo. Também é mau, porque significa que o óleo pode espalhar-se muito rapidamente e cobrir uma área muito grande, o que se torna difícil de gerir.

Combined with wind, ocean currents and waves, oil spill cleanup starts to get really tricky. – Combinado com o vento, as correntes oceânicas e as ondas, a limpeza de derramamentos de óleo começa a ficar realmente complicada.

Chemical dispersants can be used to break up big oil slicks into small oil droplets. – Dispersantes químicos podem ser usados para quebrar grandes manchas de óleo em pequenas gotas de óleo.

They work like soaps by emulsifying the hydrophobic (waterrepelling) oil in the water. – Eles funcionam como sabonetes, emulsionando o óleo hidrofóbico (repelente à água) na água.

These small droplets can degrade in the ecosystem quicker than the big oil slick. – Estas pequenas gotículas podem degradar-se no ecossistema mais rapidamente do que uma grande mancha de petróleo.

But unfortunately, this means that marine life of all sizes ingest these toxic, broken-down particles and chemicals. – Mas, infelizmente, isto significa que a vida marinha de todos os tamanhos ingerem estas partículas e produtos químicos tóxicos e decompostos.

If the oil is thick enough, it could be set fire, a process called “in situ burning”. – Se o óleo for suficientemente espesso, pode ser incendiado, processo denominado “queima in situ”.

Because the oil is highly flammable and floats on top of the water, it is very easy to set it alight. – Como o óleo é altamente inflamável e flutua na água, é muito fácil incendiá-lo.

It’s not environmentally friendly though; the combustion of oil releases thick smoke that contains greenhouse gases and other dangerous air pollutants. – Porém, não é ecologicamente correto; a combustão do petróleo libera uma fumaça espessa que contém gases de efeito estufa e outros poluentes atmosféricos perigosos.

Some techniques can contain and recapture spilled oil without changing its chemical composition. – Algumas técnicas podem conter e recapturar o óleo derramado sem alterar sua composição química.

Booms float on top of the water and act as barriers to the movement of oil. – As lanças flutuam na superfície da água e atuam como barreiras ao movimento do petróleo.

Once the oil is controlled, it can be gathered using sorbents. “Sorbent” is a fancy word for sponge. – Uma vez controlado o óleo, ele pode ser coletado com sorventes. “Sorvente” é uma palavra chique para esponja.

These sponges absorb the oil and allow it to be collected by siphoning it off the water. – Essas esponjas absorvem o óleo e permitem que ele seja coletado por sifão da água.

However, weather and sea conditions can prevent and obstruct the use of booms, sorbents and in situ burning. – Contudo, as condições climáticas e do mar podem impedir e obstruir o uso de barreiras, sorventes e queima in situ.

Imagine trying to perform these operations on the open sea with wind, waves and water currents moving the oil (and your boat!) around on the water. – Imagine tentar realizar estas operações em mar aberto com vento, ondas e correntes de água movimentando o petróleo (e o seu barco!) na água.

What about the plants and animals? – E as plantas e os animais?

It’s easy to forget about the organisms in the sea that are under water. – É fácil esquecer os organismos do mar que estão debaixo d’água.

Out of sight, out of mind! – Fora da vista, longe da mente!

There is not much we can do to help them. – Não há muito que possamos fazer para ajudá-los.

But when oil reaches the shore it impacts sensitive coastal environments including the many fish, bird, amphibian, reptilian, and crustacean species that live there. – Mas quando o petróleo chega à costa, tem impacto em ambientes costeiros sensíveis, incluindo as muitas espécies de peixes, aves, anfíbios, répteis e crustáceos que ali vivem.

We have easy access to these areas and there are some things we can do to clean up. – Temos fácil acesso a essas áreas e há algumas coisas que podemos fazer para limpar.

For the plants, it is often a matter of setting them on fire, or leaving them to degrade the oil naturally. Sometimes, we can spray the oil with nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) that can encourage the growth of specialized microorganisms. – Para as plantas, muitas vezes é uma questão de atear fogo ou deixá-las degradar o óleo naturalmente. Às vezes, podemos pulverizar o óleo com nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio) que podem estimular o crescimento de microrganismos especializados.

For species that can tolerate our soaps, manpower is needed to wash every affected animal. – Para espécies que toleram nossos sabonetes, é necessária mão de obra para lavar todos os animais afetados.

Yet, if the animal has tried to lick itself clean, it can die from ingesting the toxic oil. – No entanto, se o animal tentar lamber-se para se limpar, pode morrer por ingestão do óleo tóxico.

Unfortunately, there can be many negative economic and social impacts, in addition to the environmental impacts of oil spills and, as you’ve just read, the clean up techniques are far from perfect. – Infelizmente, pode haver muitos impactos económicos e sociais negativos, para além dos impactos ambientais dos derrames de petróleo e, como acabou de ler, as técnicas de limpeza estão longe de ser perfeitas.

Prevention is the very best cleanup technique we have. – A prevenção é a melhor técnica de limpeza que temos.

http://www.curiocity.ca/everyday-science/environment/item/636 -cleaning-up-a-spill.html, retrieved on Dec 10, 2010 11

11 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

The main purpose of the text is to

(A) suggest different strategies that should be used to avoid oil spills and sea pollution.

(B) alert about the effects of bad weather and sea conditions on containers that transport oil.

(C) demand that scientists help wash plants and animals that have been affected by oil spills.

(D) defend the use of chemical dispersants as the only form of cleaning the oceans after an oil spill.

(E) argue that it is easier to avoid disasters caused by oil spills than to clean them up.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

12 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

According to the text, “in situ burning” (line 29)

is

(A) the best form of controlling a spill by using sponges to absorb the excess oil.

(B) the process of setting fire to the barriers that control the movement of oil on the ocean.

(C) a danger to the ecosystem because of the polluting smoke that results from the fire.

(D) a means to control large oil slicks without changing their chemical composition.

(E) an ecological procedure that does not pollute the environment or contaminate animals.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

13 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

In terms of meaning it is correct to say that

(A) “…degrade…” (line 24) and deteriorate are antonyms.

(B) “…ingest…” (line 26) and consume express opposite ideas.

(C) “…releases…” (line 32) and absorbs have similar meanings.

(D) “…dangerous…” (line 34) and unsafe are equivalent in meaning.

(E) “…encourage…” (line 58) and stimulate express contradictory ideas.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

14 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

The only sentence where the boldfaced word DOES NOT express an idea of contrast is

(A) “But unfortunately, this means that marine life of all sizes ingest these toxic, broken-down particles and chemicals.” (lines 25-27)

(B) “Because the oil is highly flammable and floats on top of the water, it is very easy to set it alight.” (lines 29-31)

(C) “It’s not environmentally-friendly though;” (lines 31-32)

(D) “However, weather and sea conditions can prevent and obstruct the use of booms, sorbents and in situ burning.” (lines 42-44)

(E) “Yet, if the animal has tried to lick itself clean, it can die from ingesting the toxic oil.” (lines 61-63)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

15 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR) 

In

“They work like soaps by emulsifying the hydrophobic (water-repelling) oil in the water.” (lines 21-23),

they refers to

(A) “…waves,” (line 19)

(B) “…dispersants...” (line 20)

(C) “…slicks…” (line 21)

(D) “…droplets.” (line 21)

(E) “…soaps…” (line 22)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - REFERÊNCIA PRONOMINAL:

CESGRANRIO 2011 - PETROBRAS - Nível Superior(vários cargos)

Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2011 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo:Nível Superior(vários cargos)-Prova aplicada em 28/08/2011.

[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

➦02 Textos.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada, tudo em inglês)
➦Compreensão Textual do inglês).
➦Uso do inglês.
👉  Texto 1   "Brazil: Platform for growth"(Brasil: Plataforma de crescimento) 

➦ Tema abordado:  
➦ Fonte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov 

👉  Texto 2   "Off the deep end in Brazil"(Fora do fundo do Brasil) 

➦ Tema abordado:  

Text I

Brazil: Platform for growth

By Joe Leahy

On the Cidade de Angra dos Reis oil platform, surrounded by the deep blue South Atlantic, a Petrobras engineer turns on a tap and watches black liquid flow into a beaker.
          
It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil. Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular. Pumped by the national oil company from “pre-salt” deposits – so-called because they lie beneath 2,000m of salt – 300km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, it is some of the first commercial oil to flow from the country’s giant new deepwater discoveries.
          
Already estimated to contain 50bn barrels, and with much of the area still to be fully explored, the fields contain the world’s largest known offshore oil deposits. In one step, Brazil could jump up the world rankings of national oil reserves and production, from 15th to fifth. So great are the discoveries, and the investment required to exploit them, that they have the potential to transform the country – for good or for ill.
          
Having seen out booms and busts before, Brazilians are hoping that this time “the country of the future” will at last realise its full economic potential. The hope is that the discoveries will provide a nation already rich in renewable energy with an embarrassment of resources with which to pursue the goal of becoming a US of the south.
          
The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to “Dutch disease”. The economic malaise is named after the Netherlands in the 1970s, where the manufacturing sector withered after its currency strengthened on the back of a large gas field discovery combined with rising energy prices.
          
Even worse, Brazil could suffer a more severe form of the disease, the “oil curse”, whereby nations rich in natural resources – Nigeria and Venezuela, for example – grow addicted to the money that flows from them.
          
Petrobras chief executive says neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow. But with the new discoveries, which stretch across an 800km belt off the coast of south-eastern Brazil, this is going to change. The oil industry could grow from about 10 per cent of GDP to up to 25 per cent in the coming decades, analysts say. To curb any negative effects, Brazil is trying to support domestic manufacturing by increasing “local content” requirements in the oil industry.
          
Without a “firm local content policy”, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold. However, “if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no – because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras”.
         
The other long-term dividend Brazil is seeking from the discoveries is in research and development (R&D). Extracting oil from beneath a layer of salt at great depth, hundreds of kilometres from the coast, is so challenging that Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier. If they can perfect this, they can lead the way in other markets with similar geology, such as Africa.
         
For its part, Petrobras is spending $800m-$900m a year over the next five years on R&D, and has invested $700m in the expansion of its research centre.
          
Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent. The country is the world’s second biggest exporter of iron ore. It is the largest exporter of beef. It is also the biggest producer of sugar, coffee and orange juice, and the second-largest producer of soya beans.
          
Exports of these commodities are already driving up the exchange rate before the new oil fields have fully come on stream, making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods. Industrial production has faltered in recent months, with manufacturers blaming the trend on a flood of cheap Chinese-made imports.
         
“Brazil has everything that China doesn’t and it’s natural that, as China continues to grow, it’s just going to be starved for those resources,” says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff. “At some level Brazil doesn’t just want to be exporting natural resources – it wants a more diversified economy. There are going to be some rising tensions over that.”

Adapted from Financial Times - March 15 2011 22:54. Available in:
 <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fa11320c-4f48-11e0-9038-00144feab49a,_i_email=y.html>

Retrieved on: June 17, 2011.

_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  11 :
The communicative intention of Text I is to
(A) classify all the economic risks Brazil will certainly run if it insists on extracting oil at great depth.
(B) suggest that Brazil could soon be ranked as one of the four main oil producers in the whole world.
(C) argue that Brazil should try to avoid potential dangers associated to its recent deepwater oil discoveries.
(D) report on the rising tensions between China and Brazil over the manufacturing sector of the world economy.
(E) announce the expected growth of the oil industry in Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela in the coming decades.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  12 :
According to paragraphs 5 and 6 (lines 28-38), Dutch disease is a
(A) concept that explains the relationship between a stronger currency, due to the discovery of vast gas deposits, and the decline in the manufacturing sector.
(B) theory that can justify the increase in energy prices and the strengthening of the manufacturing sector.
(C) dangerous form of economic malaise that can only victimize already affluent nations.
(D) severe economic disease that is affecting the economy of countries like the Netherlands.
(E) a type of problem known as the “oil curse” that affects the booming sector of oil extraction.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  13 :
According to paragraphs 9 and 10 (lines 55-65), investing in R&D
(A) may open new markets for the Brazilian technological sector of oil extraction at great depth.
(B) may justify Petrobras’ plans to reduce the development of its research center.
(C) is surely leading Brazilian engineers to work for African countries rich in natural resources.
(D) will pay immediate dividends in the challenging sector of geology and oil exploitation.
(E) can explain why Petrobras is spending $800m - $900m to extract oil at great depth.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  14 :
Based on the meanings in Text I, the two words are antonymous in
(A) “...realise...” (line  23) – understand
(B) “...stretch...” (line  42) – bridge
(C) “...curb...” (line  46) – foster
(D) “...faltered...” (line  77) – halted
(E) “...blaming...” (line  78) – reproaching 
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  15 :
Concerning the referent to the pronoun it, in the fragments below,
(A) in “It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil.” (line  5), it refers to “beaker” (line  4).
(B) in “The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to ‘Dutch disease.’ ” (lines  28-29), it refers to “danger” (line  28).
(C) in “... Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier.” (lines  59-60), it refers to “coast” (line  58).
(D) in “making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods.” (lines 75-76), it refers to “stream” (line  75).
(E) in “ ‘it’s just going to be starved for those resources,’ says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff.” (lines 81-83), it refers to “China” (line  81).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  16 :
In  “Without a ‘firm local content policy’, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold.” (lines  50-52), “take hold” means to
(A) become more easily controlled.
(B) become stronger and difficult to stop.
(C) be completely defeated and ineffective.
(D) be absolutely harmless and disappointing.
(E) be transformed into very powerful assets. 
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  17 :
The boldfaced item is synonymous with the expression in parentheses in
(A) “Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular.” (lines 6-7) – (Thus)
(B) “…neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow.” (lines 39-41) – (meanwhile) (C) “However, ‘if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no” (lines 52-53) – (Moreover)
(D) “ ‘because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras.’ ” (lines 53-54) – (due to the fact that)
(E) “Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent.” (lines 66-68) – (Furthermore)
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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Text II

_____________________________________________________________________________

Off the Deep End in Brazil

Gerald Herbert

_____________________________________________________________________________          
With crude still hemorrhaging into the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water drilling might seem taboo just now. In fact, extreme oil will likely be the new normal. Despite the gulf tragedy, the quest for oil and gas in the most difficult places on the planet is just getting underway. Prospecting proceeds apace in the ultradeepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria, the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea, and the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin. Brazil’s Petrobras, which already controls a quarter of global deepwater operations, is just starting to plumb its 9 to 15 billion barrels of proven reserves buried some four miles below the Atlantic.
          
The reason is simple: after a century and a half of breakneck oil prospecting, the easy stuff is history. Blistering growth in emerging nations has turned the power grid upside down. India and China will consume 28 percent of global energy by 2030, triple the juice they required in 1990. China is set to overtake the U.S. in energy consumption by 2014. And now that the Great Recession is easing, the earth’s hoard of conventional oil is waning even faster. The International Energy Agency reckons the world will need to find 65 million additional barrels a day by 2030. If the U.S. offshore-drilling moratorium drags on, look for idled rigs heading to other shores.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Available in: <http://www.newsweek.com/2010/06/13/off-the-deep-end-in-brazil.html>

Retrieved on: June 19, 2011. 

_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  18 :
Comparing Texts I and II,
(A)  only Text I mentions an environmental disaster derived from deepwater oil prospection.
(B)  only Text II reports on China’s intensive economic growth and absolute need of commodities.
(C)  neither Text I nor Text II express concern for the implications of  the explorations of offshore oil deposits to local economies.
(D)  both Text I and Text II  present Brazil’s potential of holding an outstanding position concerning worldwide deepwater reserves and exploration.
(E)  Text I mentions Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela to criticize their addiction to oil revenues, while Text II mentions these countries to illustrate successful examples of conventional oil prospection.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  19 :
According to Text II, in spite of the oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico,
(A)  the US will soon surpass China in energy consumption.
(B)  the conventional drilling of oil and gas is seen as a taboo now.
(C)  in twenty years, the whole world will need 65 million barrels a day.
(D)  energy consumption of India and China will double in ten years’ time.
(E)  deepwater oil and gas prospecting has not been halted in other regions of the globe.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  20 :
In Text II, Herbert illustrates the possibility of “...idled rigs heading to other shores.” (line 26) EXCEPT when he mentions
(A) prospection in ultra-deepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria.
(B) deepwater operations in the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea.
(C) the quest for oil in the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin.
(D) the suspension of the US offshore-drilling moratorium.
(E) Brazil's drillings four miles below the Atlantic.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

CESGRANRIO-2011 — PETROBRAS – NÍVEL SUPERIOR (VÁRIOS CARGOS)

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• CESGRANRIO-2010-PETROBRAS-NÍVEL SUPERIOR-27/02/2011.

 www.cesgranrio.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text – | Experts Try to Gauge Health Effects of Gulf Oil Spill | www.nlm.nih.gov |

❑ TEXTO:

Experts Try to Gauge Health Effects of Gulf Oil Spill

Wednesday, June 23, 2010

            

WEDNESDAY, June 23 (HealthDay News) - This Tuesday and Wednesday, a high-ranking group of expert government advisors is meeting to outline and anticipate potential health risks from the Gulf oil spill - and find ways to minimize them.
            

The workshop, convened by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) at the request of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, will not issue any formal recommendations, but is intended to spur debate on the ongoing spill.
            

“We know that there are several contaminations. We know that there are several groups of people — workers, volunteers, people living in the area,” said Dr. Maureen Lichtveld, a panel member and professor and chair of the department of environmental health sciences at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans. “We’re going to discuss what the opportunities are for exposure and what the potential short- and long-term health effects are. That’s the essence of the workshop, to look at what we know and what are the gaps in science,” Lichtveld explained.
       

High on the agenda: discussions of who is most at risk from the oil spill, which started when BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded and sank in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, killing 11 workers. The spill has already greatly outdistanced the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in magnitude.
            

“Volunteers will be at the highest risk,” one panel member, Paul Lioy of the University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey and Rutgers University, stated at the conference. He was referring largely to the 17,000 U.S. National Guard members who are being deployed to help with the clean-up effort.
           

Many lack extensive training in the types of hazards — chemical and otherwise — that they’ll be facing, he said. That might even include the poisonous snakes that inhabit coastal swamps, Lioy noted. Many National Guard members are “not professionally trained. They may be lawyers, accountants, your next-door neighbor,” he pointed out.
            

Seamen and rescue workers, residents living in close proximity to the disaster, people eating fish and seafood, tourists and beach-goers will also face some risk going forward, Dr. Nalini Sathiakumar, an occupational epidemiologist and pediatrician at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, added during the conference.
           

Many of the ailments, including nausea, headache and dizziness, are already evident, especially in clean-up workers, some of whom have had to be hospitalized.
           

 “Petroleum has inherent hazards and I would say the people at greatest risk are the ones actively working in the region right now,” added Dr. Jeff Kalina, associate medical director of the emergency department at The Methodist Hospital in Houston. “If petroleum gets into the lungs, it can cause quite a bit of damage to the lungs [including] pneumonitis, or inflammation of the lungs.”
            

“There are concerns for workers near the source. They do have protective equipment on but do they need respirators?” added Robert Emery, vice president for safety, health, environment and risk management at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
            

Physical contact with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and with solvents can cause skin problems as well as eye irritation, said Sathiakumar, who noted that VOCs can also cause neurological symptoms such as confusion and weakness of the extremities.
            

“Some of the risks are quite apparent and some we don’t know about yet,” said Kalina. “We don’t know what’s going to happen six months or a year from now.”

Copyright (c) 2010 HealthDay. All rights reserved. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_100305.html,

retrieved on September 9th, 2010. 

👉  Questão   11 
The main purpose of the article is to
(A) point out ways of healing the diseases caused by the recent oil disaster in the U.S.
(B) report on the damage to the fauna caused by the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
(C) inform about a conference to evaluate the dangers of oil spills to the health of the population of surrounding areas.
(D) inform that the meeting held in New Orleans to discuss effects of the oil spill was unsuccessful.
(E) complain about the lack of research in university labs on effects of oil spills in the environment.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉  Questão   12 
According to the text, all the examples below are illnesses directly associated with the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, EXCEPT
(A) heart stroke.
(B) lung diseases.
(C) food poisoning.
(D) skin and eye irritation.
(E) vertiginous sensations.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
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👉  Questão   13 
According to Dr. Paul Lioy in paragraphs 5 and 6, volunteers
(A) have been recruited to replace the National Guard members
(B) are subject to several risks in trying to aid in the recovery of the  areas affected.
(C) could not be affected by chemical poisoning since this is a risk that only strikes oil workers.
(D) can cooperate in cleaning the area only after they undergo extensive professional training.

(E) should not be part of the rescue force because they can be better employed as lawyers or accountants.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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👉  Questão   14 
Based on the meanings in the text,
(A) “...Gauge...” (title) cannot be replaced by estimate.
(B) “...issue...” (line 8) is the opposite of announce.
(C) “...spur...” (line 9) and stimulate are antonyms.
(D) “...outdistanced...” (line 27) and exceeded are synonyms.

(E) “...deployed...” (line 34) and dismissed express similar ideas.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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👉  Questão   15 
The word may in “They may be lawyers, accountants, your next-door neighbor,” (lines 40-41) expresses
(A) ability.
(B) advice.
(C) certainty.
(D) necessity.
(E) possibility.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉  Questão   16 
In terms of reference,
(A) “...them.” (line 5) refers to “...advisors...” (line 3).
(B) “which...” (line 24) refers to “discussions...” (line 23). (C) “Many...” (line 35) refers to “...members...” (line 33).
(D) “They...” (line 40) refers to “...hazards” (line 36). (E) “...whom...” (line 51) refers to “...ailments,” (line 49).
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉  Questão   17 
In paragraph 9, Dr. Jeff Kalina affirms that “Petroleum has inherent hazards...” (line 53) because he feels that
(A) it is neurologically harmful for the family of workers in oil rigs.
(B) the health risks associated with oil prospection are completely unpredictable.
(C) the damages it causes on the  environment are intrinsic to the way oil is being explored.
(D) direct exposure to the chemicals it contains can cause different kinds of health disorders.
(E) all of the risks associated with the oil production are known but are not made public.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*
👉  Questão   18 
In replacing the word “if” in the sentence “If petroleum gets into the lungs, it can cause quite a bit of damage to the lungs [including] pneumonitis, or inflammation of the lungs.” (lines 57-60), the linking element that would significantly change the meaning expressed in the original is
(A) in case.
(B) assuming that.
(C) supposing that.
(D) in the event that.
(E) despite the fact that.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
*
👉  Questão   19 
In the fragments “to look at what we know and what are the gaps in science,” (lines 20-21) and “‘They may be lawyers, accountants, your next-door neighbor’, he pointed out.” (lines 40-41), the expressions look at and pointed out mean, respectively,
(A) face – revealed.
(B) seek – deduced.
(C) examine – adverted
(D) investigate – estimated.
(E) glance at – mentioned.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉  Questão   20 
Based on the information in the text, it is INCORRECT to say that
(A) Dr. Maureen Litchveld feels that it is important to learn more about the immediate and future effects of oil extraction on the workers and surrounding population.
(B) Dr. Nalini Sathiakumar considers that the civilians in the neighboring cities do not need to worry about seafood being contaminated.
(C) Dr. Jeff Kalina believes that production workers involved in the field where the oil spill occurred run the risk of suffering from respiratory problems.
(D) Dr. Robert Emery speculates whether  the workers in the field of the disaster might need other devices to prevent further health problems.
(E) Dr. Paul Lioy remarks that not all volunteers cleaning up the damage to the environment have received proper training on how to deal with such situations.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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