PUC/SP INVERNO 2019

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO-2019-VESTIBULAR-INVERNO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D, 02-B, 03-C

04-A, 05-B, 06-C

07-D, 08-C, 09-A

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Responda às questões de 01 a 09 de acordo com o texto abaixo

The drugs don't work: what happens after antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance is growing so fast that routine surgery could soon become impossible. But scientists are fighting back in the battle against infection

You essentially trick the bacteria’: Kim Lewis, one of two researchers who discovered teixobactin. Photograph: Adam Glanzman

1- The first antibiotic that didn’t work for Debbi Forsythe was trimethoprim. In March 2016, Forsythe, a genial primary care counsellor from Morpeth, Northumberland, contracted a urinary tract infection. UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year. So when Forsythe saw her GP, they prescribed the usual treatment: a three-day course of antibiotics. When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim.

2- Three days after that, Forsythe’s husband Pete came home to find his wife lying on the sofa, shaking, unable to call for help. He rushed her to A&E. She was put on a second antibiotic, gentamicin, and treated for sepsis, a complication of the infection that can be fatal if not treated quickly. The gentamicin didn’t work either. Doctors sent Forsythe’s blood for testing, but such tests can take days: bacteria must be grown in cultures, then tested against multiple antibiotics to find a suitable treatment. Five days after she was admitted to hospital, Forsythe was diagnosed with an infection of multi-drugresistant E coli, and given ertapenem, one of the so-called “last resort” antibiotics.

3- It worked. But damage from Forsythe’s episode has lingered and she lives in constant fear of an infection reoccurring. Six months after her collapse, she developed another UTI, resulting, again, in a hospital stay. “I’ve had to accept that I will no longer get back to where I was,” she says. “My daughter and son said they felt like they lost their mum, because I wasn’t who I used to be.” But Forsythe was fortunate. Sepsis currently kills more people in the UK than lung cancer, and the number is growing, as more of us develop infections immune to antibiotics.

4- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – the process of bacteria (and yeasts and viruses) evolving defense mechanisms against the drugs we use to treat them – is progressing so quickly that the UN has called it a “global health emergency”. At least 2 million Americans contract drug-resistant infections every year. So-called “superbugs” spread rapidly, in part because some bacteria are able to borrow resistance genes from neighbouring species via a process called horizontal gene transfer. In 2013, researchers in China discovered E coli containing mcr-1, a gene resistant to colistin, a last-line antibiotic that, until recently, was considered too toxic for human use. Colistin-resistant infections have now been detected in at least 30 countries.

5- “In India and Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and countries in South America, the resistance problem is already endemic,” says Colin Garner, CEO of Antibiotic Research UK. In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined.

6- “We have a good chance of getting to a point where for a lot of people there are no [effective] antibiotics,” Daniel Berman, leader of the Global Health team at Nesta, told me. The threat is difficult to imagine. A world without antibiotics means returning to a time without organ transplants, without hip replacements, without many now-routine surgeries. It would mean millions more women dying in childbirth; make many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, impossible; and make even the smallest wound potentially lifethreatening. As Berman told me: “Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared.”

7- Bacteria are everywhere: in our bodies, in the air, in the soil, coating every surface in their sextillions. Many bacteria produce antibiotic compounds – exactly how many, we don’t know – probably as weapons in a microscopic battle for resources between different strains of bacteria that has been going on for billions of years. Because bacteria reproduce so quickly, they are able to evolve with astonishing speed. Introduce bacteria to a sufficiently weak concentration of an antibiotic and resistance can emerge within days. Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans.

(A common misconception is that people can become antibioticresistant. They don’t – the bacteria do.)
Oliver Franklin-Wallis Sun 24 Mar 2019

In: https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/mar/24/the-drugsdont-work-what-happens-after-antibiotics

01 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

According to the first paragraph, in the sentence

“When, a few weeks later, she fainted and started passing blood, she saw her GP again, who again prescribed trimethoprim”,

the fragment passing blood means

a) urinating blood.
b) spitting blood and saliva.
c) sneezing blood with nasal mucus.
d) defecating feces with blood.

02 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Ainda no primeiro parágrafo, a sentença

“UTIs are common: more than 150 million people worldwide contract one every year”

significa que mais de 150 milhões de pessoas

a) contratam uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva todo o ano.
b) contraem uma infecção urinária todos os anos.
c) são encaminhadas para uma UTI todos os anos, devido a infecções.
d) contratam um conselheiro em cuidados básicos.

03 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo:

a) Forsythe está curada do problema, tendo se livrado das infecções recorrentes.
b) seis meses mais tarde, ela voltou ao hospital para tratar de um colapso nervoso.
c) embora tivesse tido uma recorrência da infecção, felizmente ela não teve sepse.
d) seu filho e sua filha acharam que ela voltaria ao que era antes.

04 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Assinale a alternativa que NÃO é mencionada no texto:

a) Em vinte anos, infecções resistentes a antibióticos matarão milhões de pessoas.
b) O desenvolvimento dos mecanismos de defesa das bactérias contra as drogas é muito rápido.
c) Tanto as bactérias como as pessoas podem se tornar resistentes a antibióticos.
d) Poderá chegar o dia em que cirurgias de rotina não poderão ser realizadas, por falta de antibióticos efetivos.

05 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

In the text, the initials/acronyms GP and A&E stand for, respectively

a) General Pediatrician and Activity and Emergency.
b) General Practitioner and Accident and Emergency.
c) Grand Prix and Aerobic Function and Exercises.
d) Gastroenterology Practitioner and Asylum and Exercise.

BIZU:

*GP = General Practitioner = Clínico Geral

*A&E = Accident and Emergengy = Pronto Socorro

06 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sexto parágrafo, outra maneira de dizer

“Those of us who are following this closely are actually quite scared”,

pode ser:

a) “Those of us who were following this closely are actually quite scared”.
b) “Those of us who followed this were actually quite scared.”
c) “Those of us who have been following this closely are actually quite scared”.
d) “Those of us who could follow this would have been actually quite scared.”

07 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No quinto parágrafo, no trecho

“In May 2016, the UK government’s Review on Antimicrobial Resistance forecast that by 2050 antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people per year – more than all cancers combined”,

a locução could kill pode ser substituída por:

a) should kill.
b) must kill.
c) would kill.
d) might kill.

BIZU:

*COULD KILL = MIGHT KILL (Contexto de POSSIBILIDADE).

08 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No sétimo parágrafo, na sentença

“Penicillin resistance was first documented in 1940, a year before its first use in humans”,

o pronome ITS refere-se a

a) resistance.
b) year.
c) penicillin.
d) humans.

09 – (PUC/SP-2019-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No segundo parágrafo, os termos

help, unable, bacteria e quickly,

no contexto, são respectivamente

a) substantivo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.
b) verbo – verbo – substantivo – advérbio.
c) substantivo – advérbio – substantivo – adjetivo.
d) verbo – adjetivo – substantivo – advérbio.

PUC/SP INVERNO 2015

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO-2015-VESTIBULAR-INVERNO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).

➧ GABARITO:

01-D, 02-B, 03-C, 04-A, 05-A

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 01 a 05.

Dementia campaign to give families open access wins cross-party support

http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/mar/07/dementia-johnscampaign-hospital-visit-norman-lamb-andy-burnham

Politicians commit to John’s Campaign to allow people 24-hour hospital access to vulnerable patients with dementia, following deluge of support

1 – A campaign to allow friends and family open access to people with dementia while they are in hospital has seen a significant victory this weekend with backing from senior politicians. The Observer-backed campaign has won the support of health minister Norman Lamb, who has promised to write to all NHS trusts promoting the idea, while the shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, has committed to strengthening the NHS constitution on the issue and including it in Labour’s election manifesto The shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, will include the issue in Labour's election manifesto.

The shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, will include the issue in Labour's election manifesto. Photograph: Christopher Thomond

2 – “I could have wept with gratitude and relief,” said novelist Nicci Gerrard, whose experiences with her father’s hospital care led her to launch John’s Campaign. It calls for the families and carers of people with dementia to be allowed to remain with them in hospital for as many hours of the day and night as necessary. The campaign has been deluged with support, not only from families but from doctors, nurses and charities working with people with dementia. Several NHS trusts have agreed to start implementing changes within their own hospitals and letting staff know what is expected of them.

3 – Gerrard said cross-party support showed it was not a political issue but one of common sense and compassion. It is, she writes in the Observer today, “a rare instance where the costs in both financial and human terms are none and the benefits enormous”.

4 – More than a quarter of hospital beds in the UK are now occupied by people with dementia. A third will never return to their own homes and just under half will leave hospital in a worse condition than when they entered. Gerrard’s father, Dr John Gerrard, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in his 70s, deteriorated significantly during his hospital stay last year, something his family felt could have been avoided had they been allowed to spend more time supporting him while he was there.

5 – The campaigners, backed by Labour MP Valerie Vaz among others, believe the current NHS advice to parents with children in hospital that they should stay with their child as much as possible should also apply to people with dementia, who are often vulnerable and very easily distressed.

6 – On Wednesday, which is NHS Change Day – a chance for positive changes at grassroots level to be highlighted more widely – NHS England is organizing what it is calling a “Thunderclap” on behalf of John’s Campaign, across thousands of social media accounts, including Twitter and Facebook, at 11am.

01 – (PUC/SP-2015-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Lendo o título, os subtítulos e o 1º parágrafo do texto, escolha a alternativa que apresenta somente apoiadores da campanha:

a) ministro da saúde, secretário da saúde e o partido dos trabalhadores.
b) secretário da saúde, Andy Burnham e NHS.
c) ministério da saúde, Norman Lamb e Andy Burnham.
d) ministro da saúde, secretário da saúde, políticos e um importante jornal.
e) ministro da saúde, secretário da saúde, políticos iniciantes e redes sociais.

➦ Os apoiadores mencionados no texto são o ministro da saúde (Norman Lamb), o secretário da saúde (Andy Burnham), políticos (“politicians”) e um importante jornal (“Observer”).

02 – (PUC/SP-2015-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

As autoridades citadas no parágrafo 1

a) divergem em vários quesitos.
b) apóiam a campanha em favor das mudanças.
c) tentam ganhar apoio do governo.
d) lutam para ter aprovação do povo e do governo.
e) pensam que um Manifesto não servirá para nada.

03 – (PUC/SP-2015-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No parágrafo 2, a sentença

“I could have wept with gratitude and relief,” said novelist Nicci Gerrard, whose experiences with her father’s hospital care led her to launch John’s Campaign, nos diz que

a) seu pai foi mal tratado no hospital.
b) o atendimento aos pacientes era ruim.
c) a experiência vivida a fez lançar a campanha.
d) sua nova novela trata do assunto em pormenores.
e) todos os pacientes mereceriam melhor tratamento e atenção.

04 – (PUC/SP-2015-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No parágrafo 4, os números relacionados às pessoas com demência no Reino Unido hoje dizem que

a) mais de 25% dos leitos hospitalares estão ocupados por pacientes com demência.
b) 30% dos leitos hospitalares estão ocupados por pacientes com demência.
c) 30% dos pacientes voltarão para casa em piores condições.
d) mais de 25% dos pacientes voltarão para casa em piores condições.
e) 100% dos pacientes com demência nunca voltam para casa.

05 – (PUC/SP-2015-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No parágrafo 5, o conselho do National Health Service (NHS) é que

a) crianças internadas em hospitais tenham a companhia dos pais pelo maior tempo possível.
b) os pais fiquem por menos tempo com crianças internadas.
c) os parentes fiquem com os adultos por pelo menos duas horas por dia.
d) o mesmo tempo dedicado à criança seja concedido ao adulto.
e) crianças e adultos fiquem internados em hospitais pelo menor tempo possível.

PUC/SP INVERNO 2014

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/SP-2011.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 05 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D).

➧ GABARITO:

01-C, 02-A, 03-D, 04-B, 05-E

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I:  Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 41 a 45.

"Our children give us strength": Kate and Gerry McCann speak about how they continue in search for Madd

May 01, 2014 10:53

By Richard Hartley-Parkinson

for educational purposes, adapted from: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/madeleine-mccann-kate-gerry-say-3481925

Nearly seven years after Maddie disappeared, her parents say they have pictures of her all over their house so that they will remember her

Almost seven years after Madeleine McCann vanished from her family's holiday apartment in Portugal, her parents have spoken about how their other two children provide them with strength.

Kate and Gerry McCann say that they have photographs of Maddie all over their house and keep their children, twins Sean and Amelie, who were two at the time, up to date with the progress of the police investigation.

Speaking to Lorraine Kelly this morning on ITV, the couple also spoke about how life for them is defined before Madeleine disappeared and after.

Saturday marks the seventh anniversary since Maddie vanished from the flat in Praia da Luz a few days before her fourth birthday.

Lorraine asked where they get their strength and Gerry responded: "I get mine from Kate obviously."

Kate added: "I think from each other, from our children, from our family and friends."

Gerry said: "We have had unbelievable support, not just from those who are close to us, but the public support has been amazing."

He continued: "Our life is defined pre and post the abduction unfortunately. Leading up to Portugal, having had three very young children and a tough two or three years, full on and working etc, we were just coming through that. Life seemed good - really good. It's different now, because Sean and Amelie are really good kids, really happy and they bring tremendous amounts of joy so it's very much we were a family of five and now we are functioning as a family of four."

Kate added: "It's seven years down the line and we have adapted, but still weeks and months rolling by is still incredibly significant for us.

"Whether Madeleine had been found after a week, after six months, whether it's seven years and one week - that's better than 10 years or whatever, so it's really significant."

When asked if they will ever give up, Kate responded: "If we haven't found Madeleine, or we haven't found what's happened, then we haven't done enough. There's still work to be done."

Earlier, Kate backed a revamped alert system triggered when missing children are kidnapped or their lives are at risk.

She urged members of the public to sign up for Child Rescue Alerts, which will be overhauled later this month.

She said: "When a child is abducted, families are devastated and entire communities are torn apart. The agony of not knowing where your child is is almost impossible to imagine. The helplessness is at times overwhelming."

"But there is now something we can all do to help. Please sign up to receive alerts - you could save a child's life."

The mother also spoke of how she would prefer to know the truth about what happened to her daughter, even if it is "the worst case scenario".

She added: "But there is always the worst case scenario. That's always been a possibility and anyone who thinks that we're blinkered doesn't know us."

The new system will allow alerts to be issued via text, email, social media, digital billboards and to the media.

Members of the public can already sign up to receive alerts, although the new system will come into play on International Missing Children's Day on May 25.

A Child Rescue Alert was recently used in the hunt for murdered five-year-old April Jones, and the system is designed to make the most of the "golden hours" when a child goes missing.

Charlie Hedges from the National Crime Agency, who helped co-ordinate the appeals, said: "The success of Child Rescue Alert is down to each and every one of us. Now it's down to the public to sign up for the alerts so we can send the message as widely as possible when a child goes missing."

Jo Youle, chief executive of the charity Missing People, said "Every minute after their disappearance is crucial to bringing a child home safely. Child Rescue Alert will now mean the public and companies can help - and hopefully save these children's lives."  

01 – (PUC/SP-2014-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Nos parágrafos 2 e 3, além do problema com a filha, o casal possui dois filhos que têm atualmente

(A) dois anos.
(B) dois e sete anos.
(C) nove anos.
(D) dois e nove anos.
(E) sete anos.

02 – (PUC/SP-2014-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Nos parágrafos 5 e 6, o casal

(A) ajuda-se mutuamente, com apoio da família e amigos.
(B) não é ajudado por ninguém.
(C) ajuda-se mutuamente e é ajudado pelo público.

(D) não conta com nenhum suporte da polícia.
(E) perdeu as esperanças de solucionar o caso.

03 – (PUC/SP-2014-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

O parágrafo 11 nos informa que o casal

(A) está num beco sem saída.
(B) desistiu de procurar a filha.
(C) sofre com a ideia de não vê-la mais.
(D) continua a procurá-la.
(E) tenta esconder os fatos dos dois filhos.

04 – (PUC/SP-2014-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

No parágrafo 17, She added:

"But there is always the worst case scenario. That's always been a possibility and anyone who thinks that we're blinkered doesn't know us",

a palavra blinkered significa

(A) desesperados.
(B) ignorantes.
(C) mal-educados.
(D) contraproducentes.
(E) desencorajados.

➧ BLINKERED = NARROW-MINDED  – MENTE ESTREITA, TER UM VISÃO LIMITADA SOBRE UM ASSUNTO, IGNORANTE.

• That's always been a possibility and anyone who thinks that we're blinkered doesn't know us – Essa sempre foi uma possibilidade e quem pensa que TEMOS UMA VISÃO LIMITADA SOBRE O ASSUNTO não nos conhece.

05 – (PUC/SP-2014-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

De acordo com o texto, os parágrafos 19 e 20 nos informam que, no dia 25 de maio de 2014,

a) será lançado o programa Dia Internacional das Crianças Desaparecidas.
b) será lançado o programa Alerta para a Recuperação de Crianças.
c) celebrar-se-á o Dia Internacional das Crianças Desaparecidas.
d) as autoridades discutirão problemas relacionados ao Alerta para a Recuperação de Crianças.
e) todo o mundo terá acesso aos dois programas. Escolha a alternativa correta.

(A) Somente (e) está correta.
(B) Somente (d) e (e) estão corretas.
(C) Somente (a) está correta.
(D) Somente (b) está correta.
(E) Somente (b) e (c) estão corretas.