PUC/PR INVERNO 2019

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-16/06/2019.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: https://multiversidade.pucpr.br/

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 03 questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.

Internet for all of us

This is about us. All of us. Right now, a couple billion of us have access to the Internet and amazing things have come from it. So what happens when the rest of us get access? It doesn't get twice as good. It gets like a bazillion times as good. Imagine it, for the first time in history, humanity firing on all cylinders. Everyone, everywhere. New voices, new dreams, new inspirations. And here's the thing: we can do it. It starts up here at 60,000 feet with planes powered by the sun, opening up the Internet to people everywhere. So what happens now when we all have the Internet? That falls to us. All of us.

https://www.englishcentral.com/

videodetails/23103 Access: February 15, 2019.

01 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

According to the text above, how can we make internet available to everyone, every where?

(A) By using planes powered by the sun.

(B) By operating the cylinders that make internet work.

(C) By hearing new voices, new dreams and new inspirations.

(D) By turning the computers on.

(E) By listening to people’s needs for the first time in history.

__RESPOSTA (A)__

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.

From Threat to Thread

We made an incredible, moldable, indestructible material. But when we dump it, it doesn't go away. Now, one truck of it ends up in our oceans every minute. It's killing sea life. The fish eat the trash, then we eat the fish. We're feeding ourselves our own garbage and it's now in our bloodstreams. We've got to avoid plastic, we've got to get it out of the ocean and reuse it. Look, what if we took some trash and made a sports shoe out of it? And then, we made a million more from 11 million plastic bottles. What if that was just the start? And what if everyone did that?

https://www.englishcentral.com/

videodetails/23103 Access: February 15, 2019.

02 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

Why do you think the word thread is in the title?

(A) Because thread can be used to feed fish.

(B) Because thread is an incredible, moldable, indestructible material.

(C) Because plastic can be transformed into thread and thread can be used to make sports shoes.

(D) Because thread won´t be dumped into the ocean.

(E) Because everyone can use thread.

__RESPOSTA (C)__

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text.

10+ Surprising Acid Reflux Symptoms That Aren't Heartburn

While the most common signs include chest pain, nausea and regurgitation, acid reflux often disguises itself in notso-obvious ways. Dr. Koufman states. These include:

• Shortness of breath
• Hoarseness
• Vocal fatigue
• Chronic throat clearing
• Excessive throat mucus
• Postnasal drip
• Difficulty swallowing
• Nasal congestion
• Noisy breathing
• Snoring
• Choking episodes

03 – (PUC-PR-2019-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

After analysing the surprising symptoms, we can state that acid reflux affects mostly.

(A) The excretory system.

(B) The digestive system.

(C) The circulatory system.

(D) The respiratory system.

(E) The lymphatic system.

__RESPOSTA (D)__

PUC/PR INVERNO 2017

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/PR-2017-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 6 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – Rio Has Money Trouble | www.newsinlevels.com |

➭ Text (2) – Don't Set Goals: Use Systems | https://tinytexts.wordpress.com |

➭ Text (3) – Trump Administration Rescinds Rules on Bathrooms for Transgender Students | www.nytimes.com |

➭ Text (4) – SMARTPHONE APP HELPS ALS SUFFERERS SPEAK WITH THEIR EYES | www.newsweek.com |

➭ Text (5) – Pope Francis has some ideas on how to fix the priest shortage |

➭ Text (6) – Comic Strips | www.thecomicstrips.com |

❑ PROVA:

❑ TEXT 1: Read the text.

Rio Has Money Trouble

Despite controversy, Rio successfully hosted the Summer Olympic Games last year and was the focus of the world. Now six months later, the cost of the Games is showing.

Citing unpaid bills, electric companies cut power to the stadium, the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies. Local authorities struggle to maintain the $20 million golf course. The pool is still green. No one wanted to buy the larger arenas, so the Rio government owns t

hem.

The city still owes creditors about $40 million, but as Brazil is still in a depression, the legacy of the games appears bleak. People hoped that the Games would help the lives of the people of Rio, but that opportunity seems to have been missed.

Available at:

<https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/rio-has-money-trouble-level-3/>. Access on: February 2017. 

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 1:

Rio Has Money Trouble

Rio tem problemas financeiros

Despite controversy, Rio successfully hosted the Summer Olympic Games last year and was the focus of the world. Now six months later, the cost of the Games is showing.

Apesar da controvérsia, o Rio acolheu com sucesso os Jogos Olímpicos de verão no ano passado e foi o centro das atenções do mundo. Agora, seis meses depois, o custo dos Jogos está a revelar-se.
Citing unpaid bills, electric companies cut power to the stadium, the venue for the opening and closing ceremonies. Local authorities struggle to maintain the $20 million golf course. The pool is still green. No one wanted to buy the larger arenas, so the Rio government owns them.
Alegando contas a pagar, as empresas de eletricidade cortaram a energia do estádio, local das cerimônias de abertura e encerramento. As autoridades locais lutam para manter o campo de golfe de 20 milhões de dólares. A piscina ainda está verde. Ninguém quis comprar as arenas maiores, por isso o governo do Rio é dono delas.
The city still owes creditors about $40 million, but as Brazil is still in a depression, the legacy of the games appears bleak. People hoped that the Games would help the lives of the people of Rio, but that opportunity seems to have been missed.
A cidade ainda deve aos credores cerca de 40 milhões de dólares, mas como o Brasil ainda está em recessão, o legado dos jogos parece sombrio. As pessoas esperavam que os Jogos ajudassem a vida da população do Rio, mas essa oportunidade parece ter sido perdida.

Available at:

<https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/rio-has-money-trouble-level-3/>. Access on: February 2017.

Disponível em:

<https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/rio-has-money-trouble-level-3/>. Acesso em: fevereiro de 2017.

01 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

According to the above text, check the main idea: 

A) The Rio Summer Olympic Games has left a legacy to be remembered.
B) All the costs of the Olympic Games have not put a burden on the Rio government.
C) There are many good opportunities after the games, in Rio.
D) The venue for the Olympic Games has been destroyed.
E) Many people had great hopes for the Olympic Games in Rio, but they didn’t materialized.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - MAIN IDEA - IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO - ONDE ENCONTRAR? NO TÍTULO e/ou NO 1º PARÁGRAFO e/ou NO ÚLTIMO PARAGRAFO:

According to the above text, check the main idea:

De acordo com o texto acima, assinale a ideia principal:  

A) The Rio Summer Olympic Games has left a legacy to be remembered. – Os Jogos Olímpicos de verão do Rio deixaram um legado inesquecível.
B) All the costs of the Olympic Games have not put a burden on the Rio government. – Todos os custos dos Jogos Olímpicos não oneraram o governo do Rio.
C) There are many good opportunities after the games, in Rio. – Há muitas boas oportunidades após os jogos, no Rio.
D) The venue for the Olympic Games has been destroyed. – O local de realização dos Jogos Olímpicos foi destruído.
E) Many people had great hopes for the Olympic Games in Rio, but they didn’t materialized. – Muitas pessoas tinham grandes esperanças para os Jogos Olímpicos no Rio, mas elas não se concretizaram.

TÉCNICA PARA ENCONTRAR A "MAIN IDEA"

❑ NO TÍTULO: Rio Has Money Trouble - Rio tem problemas financeiros.

❑ NO 1º PARÁGRAFO: 

• Despite controversy, Rio successfully hosted the Summer Olympic Games last year and was the focus of the world. Now six months later, the cost of the Games is showing.
• Apesar da controvérsia, o Rio sediou com sucesso os Jogos Olímpicos de Verão no ano passado e foi o foco do mundo. Agora, seis meses depois, o custo dos Jogos está aparecendo.

❑ NO ÚLTIMO PARÁGRAFO:

• The city still owes creditors about $40 million, but as Brazil is still in a depression, the legacy of the games appears bleak. People hoped that the Games would help the lives of the people of Rio, but that opportunity seems to have been missed.
• A cidade ainda deve aos credores cerca de 40 milhões de dólares, mas como o Brasil ainda está em depressão, o legado dos jogos parece sombrio. As pessoas esperavam que os Jogos ajudassem a vida da população do Rio, mas essa oportunidade parece ter sido perdida.

❑ IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO (NO ÚLTIMO PARÁGRAFO):

• People hoped that the Games would help the lives of the people of Rio, but that opportunity seems to have been missed. – As pessoas esperavam que os Jogos ajudassem a vida da população do Rio, mas essa oportunidade parece ter sido perdida.
• IDEIA EQUIVALENTE (ALTERNATIVA E):
• Many people had great hopes for the Olympic Games in Rio, but they didn’t materialized. – Muitas pessoas tinham grandes esperanças para os Jogos Olímpicos no Rio, mas elas não se concretizaram. (ALTERNATIVA E)

❑ TEXT 2:  Read the text and choose the CORRECT option:

Don't Set Goals: Use Systems 

Have you already set your goals for the New Year? Do you want to lose 10 kilos, run a marathon or speak fluent English? Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable). For example, don’t focus on losing 10 kilos, focus on shopping for healthy food and cooking something light every day. Don’t focus on the marathon; focus on the training schedule. Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!

Available at:

https://tinytexts.wordpress.com/.

Access on: February 2017. 

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 2:

Don't Set Goals: Use Systems

Não defina objetivos: Utilizar sistemas 

Have you already set your goals for the New Year? Do you want to lose 10 kilos, run a marathon or speak fluent English? Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable). For example, don’t focus on losing 10 kilos, focus on shopping for healthy food and cooking something light every day. Don’t focus on the marathon; focus on the training schedule. Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!

Já definiu os seus objetivos para o Ano Novo? Quer perder 10 quilos, correr uma maratona ou falar inglês fluentemente? Alguns especialistas acreditam que são necessários sistemas e não objetivos. Um sistema é algo que se faz regularmente. Isto significa concentrar-se no que pode controlar (as suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível). Por exemplo, não se concentre em perder 10 quilos, concentre-se em comprar alimentos saudáveis e cozinhar algo leve todos os dias. Não se concentre na maratona; concentre-se no calendário de treinos. Invente um sistema para melhorar o seu inglês, um passo de cada vez. Boa sorte!

Available at:

https://tinytexts.wordpress.com/.

Access on: February 2017. 

02 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

I. You should focus on something you can control to achieve what you want.

II. Systems should be invented to improve all you want.

III. Systems mean that you focus on something you can control. 

IV. Systems help with the unpredictable. 

A) Only statements I and III are correct.
B) Only statements II and III are correct.
C) Only statements I and II are correct.
D) Only statements III and IV are correct.
E) Only statements I and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

I. You should focus on something you can control to achieve what you want. – Você deve se concentrar em algo que pode controlar para conseguir o que deseja.

• AFIRMATIVA CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable)."
• Isto significa concentrar-se no que pode controlar (as suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível).

II. Systems should be invented to improve all you want. – Devem ser inventados sistemas para melhorar tudo o que se quer.

• AFIRMATIVA EM DESACORDO com o trecho:
• "[...] Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. "
• Alguns especialistas acreditam que são necessários sistemas e não objetivos.

III. Systems mean that you focus on something you can control. – Os sistemas significam que nos concentramos em algo que podemos controlar.

• AFIRMATIVA CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable)."
• Um sistema é algo que se faz regularmente. Isto significa concentrar-se no que pode controlar (as suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível).

IV. Systems help with the unpredictable. – Os sistemas ajudam a lidar com o imprevisível.

• AFIRMATIVA EM DESACORDO com o trecho:
• "[...] A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable)."
• Um sistema é algo que se faz regularmente. Isto significa concentrar-se no que pode controlar (as suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível).

❑ TEXT 3: Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Trump Administration Rescinds Rules on Bathrooms for Transgender Students

 

By JEREMY W. PETERS, JO BECKERand

 JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS

WASHINGTON — President Trump rescinded protections for transgender students that had allowed them to use bathrooms of their gender identity, overruling his own education secretary and placing his administration firmly in the middle of the culture wars that many Republicans have tried to leave behind.

In a joint letter, the top civil rights officials from the Justice Department and the Department of Education rejected the Obama administration’s position that nondiscrimination laws require schools to allow transgender students to use the bathrooms of their choice.

That directive, they said, was improperly and arbitrarily devised, “without due regard for the primary role of the states and local school districts in establishing educational policy.”

The question of how to address the bathroom debate, as it had become known, opened a rift inside the Trump administration, pitting Education Secretary Betsy DeVos against Attorney General Jeff Sessions. 

Mr. Sessions, who had been expected to move quickly to roll back the civil rights expansions put in place under his Democratic predecessors, was insistent that his Justice Department act decisively on the issue because of two pending court cases that could have upheld the protections and pushed the government into further litigation.

But Ms. DeVos initially resisted signing off and told Mr. Trump that she was uncomfortable because of the potential harm that rescinding the protections could cause transgender students, according to three Republicans with direct knowledge of the internal discussions.

Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/us/politics/devos-sessions-transgender-studentsrights.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=topnews&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0. Accessed on: February, 2017

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 3:

Trump Administration Rescinds Rules on Bathrooms for Transgender Students

Administração Trump revoga regras sobre banheiros para estudantes transgêneros 

By JEREMY W. PETERS, JO BECKERand

 JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS

WASHINGTON — President Trump rescinded protections for transgender students that had allowed them to use bathrooms of their gender identity, overruling his own education secretary and placing his administration firmly in the middle of the culture wars that many Republicans have tried to leave behind.

WASHINGTON - O presidente Trump revogou as proteções para estudantes transgêneros que permitiam que eles usassem banheiros de sua identidade de gênero, anulando seu próprio secretário de educação e colocando seu governo firmemente no meio das guerras culturais que muitos republicanos tentaram deixar para trás.
In a joint letter, the top civil rights officials from the Justice Department and the Department of Education rejected the Obama administration’s position that nondiscrimination laws require schools to allow transgender students to use the bathrooms of their choice.
Em uma carta conjunta, os principais responsáveis pelos direitos civis do Departamento de Justiça e do Departamento de Educação rejeitaram a posição do governo Obama de que as leis de não discriminação exigem que as escolas permitam que alunos transgêneros usem os banheiros de sua escolha.
That directive, they said, was improperly and arbitrarily devised, “without due regard for the primary role of the states and local school districts in establishing educational policy.”
Essa diretiva, segundo eles, foi concebida de forma imprópria e arbitrária, "sem a devida consideração pelo papel primordial dos estados e dos distritos escolares locais no estabelecimento da política educacional".
The question of how to address the bathroom debate, as it had become known, opened a rift inside the Trump administration, pitting Education Secretary Betsy DeVos against Attorney General Jeff Sessions. 
A questão de como abordar o debate sobre o banheiro, como ficou conhecido, abriu uma brecha dentro da administração Trump, colocando a Secretária da Educação, Betsy DeVos, contra o Procurador-Geral Jeff Sessions.
Mr. Sessions, who had been expected to move quickly to roll back the civil rights expansions put in place under his Democratic predecessors, was insistent that his Justice Department act decisively on the issue because of two pending court cases that could have upheld the protections and pushed the government into further litigation.
Sessions, que se esperava que agisse rapidamente para reverter as expansões dos direitos civis postas em prática pelos seus antecessores democratas, insistiu que o seu Departamento de Justiça agisse de forma decisiva sobre a questão devido a dois processos judiciais pendentes que poderiam ter mantido as proteções e empurrado o governo para mais litígios.
But Ms. DeVos initially resisted signing off and told Mr. Trump that she was uncomfortable because of the potential harm that rescinding the protections could cause transgender students, according to three Republicans with direct knowledge of the internal discussions.

Mas a Sra. DeVos inicialmente resistiu a assinar e disse ao Sr. Trump que estava desconfortável por causa do dano potencial que a rescisão das proteções poderia causar aos alunos transgéneros, de acordo com três republicanos com conhecimento direto das discussões internas.

03 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

I. President Trump and Ms. DeVos don’t agree on transgender students’ rights.

II. The law in question had been implanted by the Obama administration.

III. Schools have non discrimination laws.

IV. The Attorney General and the Education Secretary agree on the issue.

A) T, F, F, T.
B) T, T, F, F.
C) T, T, F, T.
D) F, T, T, F.
E) F, F, T, T. 

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXT 4: Read the text and choose the CORRECT alternative. 

SMARTPHONE APP HELPS ALL SUFFERERS SPEAK WITH THEIR EYES

 

BY ANTHONY CUTHBERTSON

Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone. The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences.

For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.

“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups,” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.

“To mitigate the drawbacks…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn.”

The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.

The sticker shows four grids of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.

Zhang’s research, Smartphone-Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.

Fonte: Available at: http://www.newsweek.com/smartphone-app-helps-als-sufferers-speak-their-eyes-559051.Accessed on: February 2017.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 4:

SMARTPHONE APP HELPS ALS SUFFERERS SPEAK WITH THEIR EYES

APLICATIVO PARA SMARTPHONES AJUDA OS PACIENTES DE ALS FALAR COM OS OLHOS 

BY ANTHONY CUTHBERTSON

Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone. The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone’s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences.
A Microsoft desenvolveu um novo aplicativo para smartphones que interpreta sinais oculares e os traduz em letras, permitindo que pessoas com doença de neurônio motor se comuniquem com outros a partir de um telefone. O aplicativo GazeSpeak combina a câmera de um smartphone com inteligência artificial para reconhecer os movimentos dos olhos em tempo real e convertê-los em letras, palavras e frases.
For people suffering from ALS, also known as motor neurone disease, eye movement can be the only way they are able to communicate.
Para pessoas que sofrem de ALS, também conhecida como doença do neurônio motor, o movimento dos olhos pode ser a única maneira de se comunicar.
“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive, not robust under sunlight, and require frequent re-calibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups,” said Xiaoyi Zhang, a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.
"Os atuais sistemas de entrada de localização de olhos para pessoas com ALS ou outras deficiências motoras são caros, não são robustos sob a luz solar, e exigem recalibração freqüente e configurações substanciais e relativamente imóveis", disse Xiaoyi Zhang, pesquisador da Microsoft que desenvolveu a tecnologia.
“To mitigate the drawbacks…we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn.”
"Para mitigar os inconvenientes, criamos o GazeSpeak, um sistema de comunicação ocular que funciona em um smartphone, e foi projetado para ser de baixo custo, robusto, portátil e fácil de aprender".
The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communicate.
O aplicativo é usado pelo ouvinte apontando seu smartphone para o falante. Um gráfico que pode ser colado na parte de trás do smartphone é usado pelo falante para determinar quais movimentos oculares devem ser feitos para se comunicar.
The sticker shows four grids of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up, down, left or right, the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.
O adesivo mostra quatro grades de letras, que correspondem cada um a um movimento diferente do olho. Olhando para cima, para baixo, para a esquerda ou para a direita, o falante seleciona a que grades pertencem as letras que deseja. O algoritmo de inteligência artificial é então capaz de prever a palavra ou sentença que eles estão tentando dizer.
Zhang’s research, Smartphone-Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.
A pesquisa da Zhang, Smartphone-Based Gaze Gesture Communication para Pessoas com Deficiência Motora, está marcada para ser apresentada na Conferência sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas de Computação, em maio.

04 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

I. A new app for smartphones that interprets eye signals and transforms them in letters has been developed by Microsoft.

II. This new app will help all neurological deficient people.

III. GazeSpeak is low-cost, strong, portable and easy learning.

IV. The artificial intelligence algorithm is able to guess all words that the person wants to say.

V. The speaker points his smartphone to the listener to communicate.

A) Only I and II are correct.
B) Only I and IV are correct.
C) Only I and V are correct.
D) Only II and III are correct.
E) Only I and III are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

I. A new app for smartphones that interprets eye signals and transforms them in letters has been developed by Microsoft. – Um novo aplicativo para smartphones que interpreta sinais oculares e os transforma em letras foi desenvolvido pela Microsoft.

• AFIRMATIVA CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone."
• A Microsoft desenvolveu um novo aplicativo para smartphones que interpreta sinais oculares e os traduz em letras, permitindo que pessoas com doença de neurônio motor se comuniquem com outros a partir de um telefone.

II. This new app will help all neurological deficient people. – Este novo aplicativo vai ajudar todas as pessoas com deficiência neurológica.

• AFIRMATIVA EM DESACORDO com o trecho:
• "[...] Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone."
• A Microsoft desenvolveu um novo aplicativo para smartphones que interpreta sinais oculares e os traduz em letras, permitindo que pessoas com doença de neurônio motor se comuniquem com outros a partir de um telefone.
• NÃO SÃO TODAS AS PESSOAS e sim pessoas com doença de neurônio motor.
• NÃO É DEFICIÊNCIA NEUROLÓGICA e sim doença de neurônio motor.

III. GazeSpeak is low-cost, strong, portable and easy learning. – GazeSpeak é de baixo custo, resistente, portátil e fácil aprendizagem.

• AFIRMATIVA CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] To mitigate the drawbacks ... we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, robust, portable and easy to learn."
• Para atenuar os inconvenientes... criamos o GazeSpeak, um sistema de comunicação de gestos oculares que funciona em um smartphone, e foi projetado para ser de baixo custo, robusto, portátil e fácil de aprender ".

IV. The artificial intelligence algorithm is able to guess all words that the person wants to say. – O algoritmo de inteligência artificial é capaz de adivinhar todas as palavras que a pessoa quer dizer.

• AFIRMATIVA EM DESACORDO com o trecho:
• "[...] The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say."
• "[...] O algoritmo de inteligência artificial é então capaz de prever a palavra ou sentença que estão tentando dizer ".

V. The speaker points his smartphone to the listener to communicate. – O falante aponta seu smartphone para o ouvinte para se comunicar.

• AFIRMATIVA EM DESACORDO com o trecho:
• "[...] The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker."
• O aplicativo é usado pelo ouvinte ao apontar seu smartphone para o falante.
• O OUVINTE APONTA O CELULAR PARA O FALANTE e não o falante aponta seu smartphone para o ouvinte.

❑ TEXT 5: Read the text.

Pope Francis has some ideas on how to fix the priest shortage 

“The first [response]  – because I speak as a believer – the Lord told us to pray. Prayer, prayer is missing,” Pope Francis said in an interview with German weekly Die Zeit published March 8.

He called the lack of priests, to the point that some parishes are cared for by female “community leaders” in Switzerland, “a problem that the Church must resolve.”

After prayer, he recommended working “with youth who are seeking orientation. And this is very difficult, the work with youth, but it must be done because they ask for this: the youth are the great discarded ones in modern society, because they have no work in many countries.”

“For vocations, there is also another problem,” he said, “the problem of the birthrate. If there are no young men there can be no priests.”

Turning to the question of relaxing permissions for the ordination of married men and the requirement of priestly celibacy, he said that “optional celibacy is discussed, above all where priests are needed. But optional celibacy is not the solution.”

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 5:

Pope Francis has some ideas on how to fix the priest shortage 

Papa Francisco tem algumas idéias sobre como corrigir a escassez de sacerdotes

“The first [response]  – because I speak as a believer – the Lord told us to pray. Prayer, prayer is missing,” Pope Francis said in an interview with German weekly Die Zeit published March 8.
"A primeira [resposta] - porque falo como crente - o Senhor disse-nos para rezar. A oração, a oração está faltando", disse o Papa Francisco numa entrevista ao semanário alemão Die Zeit publicada a 8 de março.
He called the lack of priests, to the point that some parishes are cared for by female “community leaders” in Switzerland, “a problem that the Church must resolve.”
Ele chamou a falta de sacerdotes, ao ponto que algumas paróquias são cuidadas por mulheres "líderes comunitários" na Suíça, "um problema que a Igreja deve resolver".
After prayer, he recommended working “with youth who are seeking orientation. And this is very difficult, the work with youth, but it must be done because they ask for this: the youth are the great discarded ones in modern society, because they have no work in many countries.”
Depois da oração, ele recomendou trabalhar "com jovens que buscam orientação. E isto é muito difícil, o trabalho com os jovens, mas deve ser feito porque eles pedem isso: os jovens são os grandes descartados na sociedade moderna, porque eles não têm trabalho em muitos países ".
“For vocations, there is also another problem,” he said, “the problem of the birthrate. If there are no young men there can be no priests.”
"Para as vocações, há também outro problema", disse ele ", o problema da taxa de natalidade. Se não houver jovens, não pode haver sacerdotes ".
Turning to the question of relaxing permissions for the ordination of married men and the requirement of priestly celibacy, he said that “optional celibacy is discussed, above all where priests are needed. But optional celibacy is not the solution.”

Voltando à questão de relaxar as permissões para a ordenação de homens casados e a exigência do celibato sacerdotal, ele disse que "o celibato opcional é discutido, acima de tudo onde os sacerdotes são necessários. Mas o celibato opcional não é a solução ".

05 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

About Pope Francis' ideas to help the church find new priests, it is CORRECT to state that: 

I. God may send some new priests if people ask Him for it.

II. Women are motivated to be community leaders instead of priests.

III. Procreation is raised as a possible solution to the problem, since it can bring more men to the world.

IV. He considers allowing married men to be priests. 

V. Young people are always useful for society.

A) Only I and III are correct.
B) Only II and V are correct.
C) Only I, III and IV are correct.
D) Only III and IV are correct.
E) Only I, IV and V are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

About Pope Francis' ideas to help the church find new priests, it is CORRECT to state that: 

Sobre as idéias do Papa Francisco para ajudar a igreja a encontrar novos sacerdotes, é CORRETO afirmar que:

I. God may send some new priests if people ask Him for it. – Deus pode enviar alguns novos sacerdotes se as pessoas pedirem o pedirem.

II. Women are motivated to be community leaders instead of priests. – As mulheres são motivadas a ser líderes comunitários em vez de padres.

III. Procreation is raised as a possible solution to the problem, since it can bring more men to the world. – Procriação é levantada como uma possível solução para o problema, uma vez que pode trazer mais homens ao mundo.

IV. He considers allowing married men to be priests. – Ele considera permitir que homens casados sejam padres.

V. Young people are always useful for society. – Os jovens são sempre úteis para a sociedade.

❑ TEXT 6:

http://www.thecomicstrips.com/

store/add.php?iid=151093 

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 6:

VEGAN THANKSGIVING

AÇÃO DE GRAÇAS VEGANA

• We commit the body of this noble bird back to the soil, O Lord ...
• Entregamos o corpo deste nobre pássaro de volta ao solo, ó Senhor...

IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:  A comicidade é que ,tradicionalmente, mata-se um peru para celebrar o dia de ação de graças e entretanto, o quadrinho apresenta o funeral de um pássaro durante o dia de ação de graças vegana, sinalizando o aumento do número de vegetarianos na sociedade americana.

06 – (PUC-PR-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

What change in the American society does this comic strip refer to?

A) The increase in the number of vegetarians in the USA.
B) Then non celebration of Thanksgiving.
C) The overlove for animals.
D) The humanization of animals.
E) The death of fun during Thanksgiving celebrations.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - ELEMENTOS VERBAIS E NÃO VERBAIS, VOCABULÁRIO, INFERÊNCIA:

What change in the American society does this comic strip refer to?

A que mudança na sociedade americana se refere, esta história em quadrinhos?

A) The increase in the number of vegetarians in the USA. – O aumento do número de vegetarianos nos EUA.
B) Then non celebration of Thanksgiving. – A não celebração do Dia de Ação de Graças.
C) The overlove for animals. – O amor excessivo pelos animais.
D) The humanization of animals. – A humanização dos animais.
E) The death of fun during Thanksgiving celebrations. – A morte da diversão durante as celebrações do Dia de Ação de Graças.

PUC/PR INVERNO 2016 MEDICINA

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-05/06/2016.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: https://multiversidade.pucpr.br/

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 05 questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and choose the CORRECT alternative. 

History of Halloween 

Like many other holidays, Halloween has evolved and changed throughout history. Over 2,000 years ago people called the Celts lived in what is now Ireland, the UK, and parts of Northern France. November 1 was their New Year's Day.

They believed that the night before the New Year (October 31) was a time when the living and the dead came together. More than a thousand years ago the Christian church named November 1 All Saints Day (also called All Hallows.) This was a special holy day to honor the saints and other people who died for their religion. The night before All Hallows was called Hallows Eve. Later the name was changed to Halloween.

Like the Celts, the Europeans of that time also believed that the spirits of the dead would visit the earth on Halloween. They worried that evil spirits would cause problems or hurt them. So on that night people wore costumes that looked like ghosts or other evil creatures. They thought if they dressed like that, the spirits would think they were also dead and not harm them.

The tradition of Halloween was carried to America by the immigrating Europeans. Some of the traditions changed a little, though. For example, on Halloween in Europe some people would carry lanterns made from turnips. In America, pumpkins were more common. So people began putting candles inside them and using them as lanterns. That is why you see Jack 'o lanterns today.

These days Halloween is not usually considered a religious holiday. It is primarily a fun day for children. Children dress up in costumes like people did a thousand years ago. But instead of worrying about evil spirits, they go from house to house. They knock on doors and say "trick or treat." The owner of each house gives candy or something special to each trick or treater.
Happy Halloween!

Available in:

http://www.5minuteenglish.com/oct29.htm>. Access on: October 2015.

01 – (PUC-PR-2016-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

(  ) According to the text, Halloween was derived from Hallows Eve.

(  ) Over 2000 ago, the Celts and Europeans wore costumes so the spirits would believe they were dead too.

(  ) The Church created All Saints Day to chase spirits.

(  ) Jack’o lanterns are also to chase spirits away.

(  ) People still believe the evils spirits will come on October 31 and wear costumes.

(A) True, false, true, false, false.
(B) True, false, false, true, false.
(C) False, false, false, true, true.
(D) True, true, true, false, true.
(E) True, true, false, false, false.

__RESPOSTA (E)__

(T) De acordo com o texto, o Halloween foi derivado da véspera do Dia das Bruxas.
(T) Há mais de 2000 anos, os celtas e europeus usavam roupas para que os espíritos acreditassem que eles também estavam mortos.
(F) A Igreja criou o Dia de Todos os Santos para perseguir espíritos.
(F) As lanternas Jack'o também devem afugentar os espíritos.
(F) As pessoas ainda acreditam que os espíritos malignos chegarão em 31 de outubro e usarão fantasias.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and check the CORRECT meaning of the highlighted false cognates.

FALSE COGNATES ARE A BITCH (1)!

Now the doubt (2) appears in your mind. How could this have possibly happened? After years of dedication, and maybe even a certificate or two that prove your fluency, you thought you’d eventually (3) speak perfectly, but now you just look like an uneducated (4) fool. You’ve assumed (5) that you’re fluent, you’ve even discussed (6) it with your parents (7), and now you start to think that maybe you were always just pretending (8) to speak the language, that you actually (9) don’t know anything. Be brave (10) and pay attention because maybe you aren’t seeing the true meaning of the words.

Disponível em: <http://reallifeglobal.com/the-17-most-dangerous-brazilian-false-cognate-errors-in-english/>. Acesso em: Julho 2015.

02 – (PUC-PR-2016-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

The CORRECT alternative is: 

(A) (1) a prostitute; (2) to believe; (3) occasionally; (4) rude; (5) to concede; (6) to argue; (7) relatives; (8) to intend; (9) currently; (10) mad.
(B) (1) a complicated problem; (2) a question; (3) finally; (4) illiterate; (5) to suppose; (6) to talk; (7) folks; (8) to bluff; (9) really; (10) courageous.
(C) (1) a complicated problem; (2) a question; (3) finally; (4) illiterate; (5) to suppose; (6) to argue; (7) relatives; (8) to intend; (9) currently; (10) mad.
(D) (1) a prostitute; (2) to believe; (3) occasionally; (4) rude; (5) to concede; (6) to talk; (7) folks; (8) to bluff; (9) really; (10) courageous.
(E) (1) a complicated problem; (2) a question; (3) occasionally; (4) rude; (5) to suppose; (6) to talk; (7)  relatives; (8) to intend; (9) really; (10) courageous.

__RESPOSTA (B)__

➦FALSO COGNATO 1: BITCH = A COMPLICATED PROBLEM (um problema complicado).

• FALSE COGNATES ARE A BITCH !
• COGNATOS FALSOS são um PROBLEMA COMPLICADO!

➦FALSO COGNATO 2: DOUBT  = A QUESTION (uma pergunta).

• Now the doubt appears in your mind.
• Agora, uma PERGUNTA aparece em sua mente.

➦FALSO COGNATO 3 : EVENTUALLY = FINALLY, IN THE END (finalmente, posteriormente, mais tarde)

• After years of dedication, and maybe even a certificate or two that prove your fluency, you thought you’d eventually speak perfectly,
• Após anos de dedicação e talvez até um certificado ou dois que comprovem sua fluência, você pensou que FINALMENTE falaria perfeitamente,

➦FALSO COGNATO 4 : uneducated➝ illiterate (analfabeto).

• but now you just look like an uneducated fool.
• mas agora você parece um tolo ANALFABETO.

➦FALSO COGNATO 5: ASSUMED = TO SUPPOSE (supor).

• You've assumed that you’re fluent,
• Você SUPÕE que está fluente,

➦FALSO COGNATO 6: DISCUSSED➝ TO TALK (conversar).

• you’ve even discussed it with your parents,
• você até CONVERSOU isso com os seus pais.

➦FALSO COGNATO 7: PARENTS = FOLKS (pais).

• you’ve even discussed it with your parents,
• você até conversou isso com os seus PAIS.

➦FALSO COGNATO 8: PRETENDING  = TO BLUFF (blefar, fingir).

• and now you start to think that maybe you were always just pretending to speak the language,
• e agora você começa a pensar que talvez estivesse sempre fingindo falar a língua,

➦FALSO COGNATO 9: ACTUALLY = REALLY (realmente).

• that you actually don’t know anything.
• que você REALMENTE não sabe nada.)

➦FALSO COGNATO 10: BRAVE = COURAGEOUS (corajoso).

• Be brave and pay attention because maybe you aren’t seeing the true meaning of the words.
• Seja corajoso e preste atenção, porque talvez você não esteja vendo o verdadeiro significado das palavras.

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text and choose the CORRECT alternative of passive voice to fill out the blanks. 

How towns have arisen 

Most villages and towns on the British Isles came into being because of their favorable situation for trade.

Rather more than a hundred years ago, a great change came over the land. Many machines __________ about that time. Spinning and weaving, for example, which had previously been done by hand, __________ by machinery that __________ by water or steam-power.

The work which usually __________ in the houses of the people began to be carried on in large mills or factories, and workers found it convenient to live near them.

More and more factories __________ and men and women left the country districts in great numbers and crowded into towns.

Since then the movement of people into towns has been going on until now. England __________ with great cities.

All over Britain, and especially in those parts _____ the coal _____ for power is to be found, there are mining and manufacturing areas, such as the Lancashire cotton district, the Black county of Midland, and others. A great many towns ___________ close together in those districts, and a great many people live within a small area, so that the population is very dense.

(After “The British Isles, Their Life and Work” by S. Bryson and Maxton. Available in: <http://englishstandarts.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/passive-voicetexts-proverbs-and.html>.

Access on: August 2015)

03 – (PUC-PR-2016-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

(A) was invented; was done; was driven; was done; was built; is dotted; was / needed; is found.
(B) were invented; were done; were drove; was done; were build; is dotted; was / need; is find.
(C) were invented; were did; were drive; was did; were built; is doted; is / needed; are finded.
(D) were invented; were done; were driven; was done; were built; is dotted; were / needed; are found.
(E) was invent; were do; were drived; was do; were builded; is dotted; were / need; is founded.

__RESPOSTA (D)__

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text below:

Evolution “Began” In Brazil 

The theories on evolution and natural selection began with Charles Darwin, who made public his groundbreaking ideas in a book entitled On the Origin of Species, which was first published in 1859. Darwin found the inspiration for his ideas while on a research trip aboard the ship the H.M.S. Beagle. Darwin’s primary destination was the Galapagos Islands, and it was during his five-year voyage from his home in England that he developed his theory of natural selection.

What many people don’t know about Darwin is that his epic voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, before arriving at the Galapagos Islands, he first arrived in South America in Bahia, Brazil in 1832. Additionally, Darwin wasn’t the only important European scientist to come to Brazil to study nature. Two of Darwin’s fellow Englishmen, Alfred Russel Wallace and Henry Walter Bates, they arrived at Pará in 1848. Wallace roamed the Amazon for four years, and the remarkable Bates explored the Amazon region for eleven years.

Available in: <http://curitibainenglish.com.br/culture/literature/evolution-began-in-brazil/>. Access in: August, 2015.

04 – (PUC-PR-2016-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

What do the highlighted words in the text refer to?

Choose the CORRECT option. 

(A) Darwin – book – Darwin – Russel and Henry. 
(B) Public – book – Galapagos – Darwin.
(C) Ideas – inspiration – Bates – Amazon.
(D) Book – Amazon – Russel – Henry and Amazon.
(E) Bates – Darwin – Russel – Russel and Henry.

__RESPOSTA (A)__

➧ INSTRUÇÃO: Read the text below:

Men, women, and murder: gender-specific differences in rates of fatal violence and victimization.

To study the potential differences that distinguish homicides involving women as victims or offenders from those involving men, we analyzed Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports data on homicides that occurred in the United States between 1976 and 1987.

Only cases that involved victims aged 15 years or older were included. Persons killed during law enforcement activity and cases in which the victim's gender was not recorded were excluded. A total of 215,273 homicides were studied, 77% of which involved male victims and 23% female victims. Although the overall risk of homicide for women was substantially lower than that of men (rate ratio [RR] = 0.27), their risk of being killed by a spouse or intimate acquaintance was higher (RR = 1.23).

In contrast to men, the killing of a woman by a stranger was rare (RR = 0.18). More than twice as many women were shot and killed by their husband or intimate acquaintance than were murdered by strangers using guns, knives, or any other means. Although women comprise more than half the U.S. population, they committed only 14.7% of the homicides noted during the study interval. In contrast to men, who killed nonintimate acquaintances, strangers, or victims of undetermined relationship in 80% of cases, women killed their spouse, an intimate acquaintance, or a family member in 60% of cases. When men killed with a gun, they most commonly shot a stranger or a non-family acquaintance.

Disponível em: <http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1635092>.

Acesso em: novembro de 2015.

05 – (PUC-PR-2016-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-MEDICINA)

According to the text, we can state that: 

I. The objective was to identify the differences between homicides involving men and women.

II. Victims who were 19 years old were not included.

III. The risk of homicide for women is higher than for men.

IV. In the USA, there are more women than men.

V. They concluded that men kill and die more.

(A) All sentences are correct.
(B) All sentences are incorrect.
(C) Only I and V are incorrect.
(D) Only II and III are incorrect.
(E) Only III and IV are correct.

__RESPOSTA (D)__