UFSC-2015/1-VESTIBULAR-LÍNGUA INGLESA - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA - Prova com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UDESC-2015/1.

➧  BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: COPERVE

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 08 questões do tipo  somatória de pontos.

➧ GABARITO:

Q1-15, Q2-43, Q3-35, Q4-02, Q5-10, Q6-05, Q7-84, Q8-52

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

1) a string of text messages - uma sequência de mensagens de texto.

2) Actions are more reliable than words - As ações são mais confiáveis do que as palavras.

2) college students - estudantes universitários.

3) patterns - padrões.

4) research on technology - pesquisa em tecnologia

5) security -  segurança patrimonial.

6) safety -  segurança física, pessoal.

7) Spotting such signals - Detectar tais sinais.

8) the latest breakthroughs - as últimas descobertas.

9) to cook up a lie - criar uma mentira, inventar uma mentira.

10) to look for something - descobrir algo.

* most people look for behaviors that - a maioria das pessoas descobre comportamentos que

11) to raise somethiing (transitive verb) - levantar algo.

*The researchers say their findings raise questions about...

*Os pesquisadores dizem que suas descobertas levantam questões sobre...

12) to text - enviar uma mensagem de texto.

13) unskilled communicators - Comunicadores não habilidosos.

➧ TEXT 1:

 

Image from: <http://misfittoys.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/lie_to_me-3.jpg> Accessed on August 8th, 2014.

Lie to Me is an American crime drama television series that ran from January 2009 to January 2011. This TV drama tells the tale of an expert in frauds who helps uncover the truth for the FBI, local police, law firms, corporations, and individuals. Dr. Cal Lightman and his team are effectively human machines to detect lies, and no truth can be concealed from them. His partner, Dr. Gillian Foster, is a gifted psychologist who brings balance to the partnership by thinking about the overall picture while Lightman focuses on the details. Eli Loker is the team researcher, who believes in radical honesty. He often gets in trouble for saying what he thinks.

Ria Torres is one of the few "naturals" in the field of deception detection. She has an untapped ability to read people that, with the right training, makes her a force to be reckoned with.

Together they make an invincible team with insight into human behavior. The show is inspired by the work of Paul Ekman, the world's supreme expert on facial expressions and a professor emeritus of psychology at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. Dr. Ekman has served as an advisor to police departments and anti-terrorism groups (including the Transportation Security Administration) and acted as a scientific consultant in the production of the series.

Adapted from: <http://www.tv.com/shows/lie-to-me/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie_to_Me>

Accessed on August 8th, 2014.

01 – (UFSC-2015/1)

According to Text 1, select the CORRECT proposition(s).

01. The team of professionals in Lie to Me is headed by Dr. Cal Lightman.

02. The expertise of the Lie to Me team is in finding ways to reach the truth.

04. The last time Lie to Me was produced was 2011.

08. Each member of the Lie to Me team has unique talents.

16. Paul Ekman is the main character of the series.

32. The series takes place at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.

👍  Gabarito  01+02+04+08 = (15) 
*Item 01:(CORRETO)

The team of professionals in Lie to Me is headed by Dr. Cal Lightman.

A equipe de profissionais da Lie to Me é chefiada pelo Dr. Cal Lightman.

*Item 02:(CORRETO)

The expertise of the Lie to Me team is in finding ways to reach the truth.

A experiência da equipe "Lie to Me" é encontrar maneiras de chegar à verdade.

*Item 04:(CORRETO)

The last time Lie to Me was produced was 2011.

A última vez que "Lie to Me foi produzido" foi em 2011.

*Item 08:(CORRETO)

Each member of the Lie to Me team has unique talents.

Cada membro da equipe "Lie to Me" tem talentos únicos.

*Item 16:(INCORRETO)

Paul Ekman is the main character of the series.

Paul Ekman é o personagem principal da série.

*Item 32:(INCORRETO)

The series takes place at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.

A série acontece na Escola de Medicina da Universidade da Califórnia, em São Francisco.

02 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Select the CORRECT proposition(s) according to the meaning of the following words, highlighted in Text 1.

01. Un- in the word uncover (line 02) carries the meaning of removal (remove the cover from).

02. The meaning carried by in- in the word invincible (line 10) is that of negation (not vincible).

04. The meaning of -ist in the word psychologist (line 05), -er in the word researcher (line 07), and -or in the word behavior (line 10) is that of indicating one’s profession.

08. Effectively (line 04) means “in an effective manner”.

16. In- in the word insight (line 10) gives the idea of negation.

32. Anti- in the word anti-terrorism (line 13) indicates opposition to the practice of terrorism.

👍 Gabarito  01+02+08+32 = (43) 
*Item 01:

Un- in the word uncover (line 02) carries the meaning of removal (remove the cover from).

*Item 02:

The meaning carried by in- in the word invincible (line 10) is that of negation (not vincible).

*Item 04:

The meaning of -ist in the word psychologist (line 05), -er in the word researcher (line 07), and -or in the word behavior (line 10) is that of indicating one’s profession.

*Item 08:

Effectively (line 04) means “in an effective manner”.

*Item 16: In- in the word insight (line 10) gives the idea of negation.

*Item 32:

Anti- in the word anti-terrorism (line 13) indicates opposition to the practice of terrorism.

03 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Select the proposition(s) which contains (contain) the CORRECT meaning for the underlined expressions as they are used in Text 1.

01. ran (line 01): was presented

02. tale (line 02): story 04. concealed (line 04): satisfying

08. balance (line 05): instability

16. trouble (line 07): scandal

32. supreme expert (line 11): major specialist

👍 Gabarito  01+02+32 = (35) 
*Item 01: ran (line 01): was presented

*Item 02: tale (line 02): story 04. concealed (line 04): satisfying

*Item 08: balance (line 05): instability

*Item 16: trouble (line 07): scandal

*Item 32: supreme expert (line 11): major specialist

➧ TEXT 2: (sem título)

You’re in the middle of a texting conversation when the other person suddenly stops for a long pause before responding. What does it mean? Maybe they got a call or got distracted by something else, or their thumbs needed a break. But it’s also possible they’re taking the time to cook up a lie.

Researchers from Brigham Young University asked more than 100 college students to respond to 30 questions each that were generated by a computer and texted to the participants. In half of their responses, the students were asked to lie. The researchers found that when the students lied, it took them 10% longer to send the text message and they made more edits than usual.

When communicating with someone in person, most people look for behaviors that they feel are indicators of dishonesty, like not being able to look people in the eye or moving nervously. Spotting such signals is hard to do when someone is on the other end of a string of text messages. But the new research suggests that some patterns, such as the delay in texting, could become a sign for detecting lies in such communications. The researchers say their findings raise questions about how the validity of communications on social media might be interpreted on matters of security and personal safety.

From: Time – 100 New health discoveries – how the latest breakthroughs can improve your health and wellness. ed. 50. Time Inc. Specials, 2003, p. 51.

04 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Choose the alternative(s) that BEST represents (represent) a possible title for Text 2.

01. Research on face to face communication

02. Liars take longer to text

04. Skilled versus unskilled communicators

08. Strategic media

16. The power of telling the truth

👍 Gabarito  02 = (02) 
*Item 01: Research on face to face communication

(Pesquisa sobre comunicação em pessoa)

• INCORRETO porque a ideia principal do texto é sobre uma pesquisa em cima de comunicação on-line (enviar uma mensagem de texto) e não sobre comunicação em pessoa. 

*Item 02: Liars take longer to text

(Mentirosos levam mais tempo para enviar mensagens de texto)

• CORRETO  porque os pesquisadores descobriram que, quando os alunos mentiam, levavam 10% mais tempo para enviar a mensagem de texto e faziam mais edições do que o normal, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The researchers found that when the students lied, it took them 10% longer to send the text message and they made more edits than usual.

*Item 04: Skilled versus unskilled communicators

(Comunicadores habilidosos versus não habilidosos)

• INCORRETO porque o texto não faz menção de "Skilled versus unskilled communicators".

*Item 08: Strategic media

(Mídia estratégica)

• INCORRETO porque o texto não faz menção de "Strategic media".

*Item 16: The power of telling the truth

(O poder de contar a verdade)

• INCORRETO porque o texto não faz menção de "The power of telling the truth".

05 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Choose the CORRECT alternative(s) according to Text 2.

01. Doing research on technology requires at least 100 participants.

02. Taking longer to text may be a sign of lying.

04. Responding to text messages takes 10% longer than sending text messages.

08. It is harder to detect lies when communicating through messages than when communicating with someone in person.

16. Communications on social media are totally safe.

👍 Gabarito  02+08 = (10) 
*Item 01: Doing research on technology requires at least 100 participants.

(Fazer pesquisa em tecnologia requer pelo menos 100 participantes.)

• INCORRETO porque o texto não faz menção de obrigação mínima de 100 participantes.
• Foi relatado que na pesquisa foram envolvidos mais de 100 estudantes universitários, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] Researchers from Brigham Young University asked more than 100 college students to respond to 30 questions each that were generated by a computer and texted to the participants."

*Item 02: Taking longer to text may be a sign of lying.

(Levar mais tempo para enviar mensagens de texto pode ser um sinal de mentira.)

• CORRETO porque na pesquisa, quando os alunos mentiam, levavam 10% mais tempo para enviar a mensagem de texto e faziam mais edições do que o normal, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The researchers found that when the students lied, it took them 10% longer to send the text message and they made more edits than usual.

*Item 04: Responding to text messages takes 10% longer than sending text messages.

(Responder a mensagens de texto leva 10% mais do que enviar mensagens de texto.)

• INCORRETO porque o texto não faz comparação entre tempo de resposta e tempo de envio de mensagens de texto.
• Foi relatado na pesquisa que quando os alunos mentiam, levavam 10% mais tempo para enviar a mensagem de texto e faziam mais edições do que o normal.

*Item 08: It is harder to detect lies when communicating through messages than when communicating with someone in person.

(É mais difícil detectar mentiras ao se comunicar por mensagens do que ao se comunicar com alguém pessoalmente.)

• CORRETO porque detectar sinais de mentira é difícil de fazer quando alguém está do outro lado de uma sequência de mensagens de texto, conforme o trecho
• "[...] When communicating with someone in person, most people look for behaviors that they feel are indicators of dishonesty, like not being able to look people in the eye or moving nervously. Spotting such signals is hard to do when someone is on the other end of a string of text messages."
• "such signals" refere-se "not being able to look people in the eye or moving nervously".

*Item 16: Communications on social media are totally safe.

(As comunicações nas redes sociais são totalmente seguras.)

• INCORRETO porque a pesquisa conduz a questionamentos sobre a veracidade das comunicações nas redes sociais, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The researchers say their findings raise questions about how the validity of communications on social media might be interpreted on matters of security and personal safety."
• Os pesquisadores dizem que suas descobertas levantam questões sobre como a validade das comunicações nas mídias sociais pode ser interpretada em questões de segurança patrimonial e segurança pessoal.

06 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Choose the CORRECT alternative(s).

01. It, in line 02, refers to the delay of a person’s response when texting a message.

02. Them, in line 08, refers to researchers.

04. They, in line 11, refers to most people.

08. Such signals, in line 12, refers to text messages.

16. Their, in line 15, refers to research findings on virtual security and safety.

👍 Gabarito  01+04 = (05) 
*Item 01: It, in line 02, refers to the delay of a person’s response when texting a message.

• CORRETO.
• IT refere-se A LONG PAUSE (uma pausa longa), ou seja THE DELAY (a demora) conforme o trecho:
• "[...] You’re in the middle of a texting conversation when the other person suddenly stops for a long pause before responding. What does it mean? " 

*Item 02: Them, in line 08, refers to researchers.

• INCORRETO  porque o pronome THEM refere-se aos STUDENTS e não aos RESEARCHERS, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The researchers found that when the students lied, it took them 10% longer to send the text message..."
• Os pesquisadores descobriram que, quando os alunos mentiam, isso levava eles (the students) a demorar 10%  a mais para enviar a mensagem de texto..."

*Item 04: They, in line 11, refers to most people.

• CORRETO  porque o pronome THEY refere-se MOST PEOPLE (a maioria das pessoas), conforme o trecho:
• "[...] When communicating with someone in person, most people look for behaviors that they feel are indicators of dishonesty..."
• Ao se comunicar com alguém pessoalmente, a maioria das pessoas descobre comportamentos que elas (most people) consideram indicadores de desonestidade..."

*Item 08: Such signals, in line 12, refers to text messages.

• INCORRETO  porque SUCH SIGNALS (TAIS SINAIS)  refere-se aos sinais de mentira "not being able to look people in the eye or moving", conforme o trecho:
• "[...] like not being able to look people in the eye or moving nervously. Spotting such signals is hard to do ..."
• ...como não ser capaz de olhar as pessoas nos olhos ou se mover nervosamente. Detectar esses sinais é difícil de fazer...

*Item 16: Their, in line 15, refers to research findings on virtual security and safety.

• INCORRETO  porque o pronome adjetivo possessivo THEIR refere-se aos RESEARCHERS, conforme o trecho:
• "[...] The researchers say their findings raise questions..."
• Os pesquisadores dizem que suas descobertas levantam questões...
• DESCOBERTAS DELES (DOS PESQUISADORES).

07 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Which question(s) can be answered according to Text 2? Select the CORRECT proposition(s).

01. In which situations did students have to lie?

02. How did students report to feel when they had to tell a lie?

04. In how many answers did each student have to lie?

08. Why was the research conducted by Brigham Young University?

16. How many students were interviewed by researchers from Brigham Young University?

32. How long did the research last?

64. How many questions were asked to these students?

👍 Gabarito  04+16+64 = (84) 
*Item 01: In which situations did students have to lie?

*Item 02: How did students report to feel when they had to tell a lie?

*Item 04: In how many answers did each student have to lie?

*Item 08: Why was the research conducted by Brigham Young University?

*Item 16: How many students were interviewed by researchers from Brigham Young University?

*Item 32: How long did the research last?

*Item 64: How many questions were asked to these students?

➧ TEXT 3:

From: <https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSRHkzlGchGtXRXVBmxOvDD9_

QTNBgRWmBu1GUYIWQuGQwZ4Ymq8g>

Accessed on September 25th, 2014.

08 – (UFSC-2015/1)

Select the CORRECT proposition(s) according to Text 3.

01. What you say and what you do are always equivalent.

02. Telling lies is all about telling the truth.

04. Words not necessarily correspond to actions.

08. It is impossible to always tell the truth.

16. Actions are more reliable than words.

32. The truth is more likely to be represented by actions than by words.

RESPOSTA COMENTADA (http://www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br/2022/11/interpretacao-de-texto-doubts-grow-over_12.html#)

PAS 1 UnB – Subprograma 2015 – 1ª Etapa – Universidade de Brasília – COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  UnB-PROCESSO SELETIVO-SUBPROGRAMA 2015-PROGRAMA DE AVALIAÇÃO SERIADO-1ª ETAPA-UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-Aplicação: 18/12/2015.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 09 True False Questions.

• 01 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ PROVA:

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

Muniz questions the nature and traditions of visual representation by ingeniously using unlikely materials to “draw” the subjects of his conventional gelatine-silver prints.

Muniz questiona a natureza e as tradições da representação visual ao usar engenhosamente materiais improváveis para “desenhar” os temas de suas impressões convencionais em gelatina e prata.

He begins by making a Polaroid photograph.

Ele começa fazendo uma fotografia Polaroid.

Using the Polaroid as a reference, he draws his subject in chocolate syrup, dirt, or sugar, and photographs the result.

Usando a Polaroid como referência, ele desenha o modelo em calda de chocolate, terra ou açúcar e fotografa o resultado.

His “Sugar Children” series consists of photographs of drawings he made in sugar of children whose parents and grandparents have worked on the sugar plantation on the island of Saint Kitts.

Sua série “Sugar Children” consiste em fotografias de desenhos que ele fez em açúcar de crianças cujos pais e avós trabalharam na plantação de açúcar na ilha de São Cristóvão.

• Internet:<www.moma.org> (adapted).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO: According to the text above, judge the items below.

De acordo com o texto acima, julgue os itens abaixo.

1 Muniz makes use of unusual materials to create his art.

>> ERRADO: Muniz utiliza materiais inusitados para criar sua arte.

2 Muniz creates a relation between the materials he uses and some historic event.

>> CORRETO: Muniz cria uma relação entre os materiais que utiliza e algum evento histórico.

3 In the text, “ingeniously” (R.2) is synoymous with skilfully.

>> ERRADO: No texto, “engenhosamente” (R.2) é sinônimo de habilmente.

4 Muniz can be considered a conventional artist.

>> CORRETO: Muniz pode ser considerado um artista convencional.

5 Muniz is a well-known sculptor.

>> ERRADO: Muniz é um escultor conhecido.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

A question arises: whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved.

Surge uma questão: se é melhor ser amado do que temido ou temido do que amado.

It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with.

Pode-se responder que se desejaria ser ambos, mas, como é difícil uni-los numa só pessoa, é muito mais seguro ser temido do que amado, quando, dos dois, qualquer um deve ser dispensado.

It may also generally be said that men are thankless, false, and ambitious, they will offer you their blood, sacrifice their property, and they will entirely be devoted to you while danger is distant, but in the hour of need they turn against you.

Também pode ser dito geralmente que os homens são ingratos, falsos e ambiciosos, eles oferecerão seu sangue, sacrificarão suas propriedades e serão inteiramente dedicados a você enquanto o perigo estiver distante, mas na hora da necessidade eles se voltarão contra você.

• Internet: <www.constitution.org> (adapted).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO: Based on the text, judge the following items.

Com base no texto, julgue os seguintes itens.

6 In case a choice is to be made between to be feared or loved, to be feared should come first because it is less dangerous.

>> CORRETO: Caso seja necessário fazer uma escolha entre ser temido ou amado, ser temido deve vir primeiro porque é menos perigoso.

>> JUSTIFICATIVA:

1. • "[...] it is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with." 
2. •  é muito mais seguro ser temido do que amado, quando, dos dois, qualquer um deve ser dispensado.

7 Men are not trustworthy.

>> ERRADO: Os homens não são confiáveis.

>> JUSTIFICATIVA:

• "[...] It may also generally be said that men are thankless, false, and ambitious," 
• Também pode-se dizer GERALMENTE que os homens são ingratos, falsos e ambiciosos,

8 It is better to be loved than to be feared.

>> ERRADO: É melhor ser amado do que temido.

>> JUSTIFICATIVA:

• "[...] it is much safer to be feared than loved," 
• é muito mais seguro ser temido do que amado,.

9 Finding someone who can be both feared and loved is unlikely.

>> CORRETO: É improvável encontrar alguém que possa ser temido e amado.

>> JUSTIFICATIVA:

• "[...] A question arises: whether it is better to be loved than feared or feared than loved. 
• Surge uma questão: se é melhor ser amado do que temido ou temido do que amado.

10 – (PAS UnB – Subprograma 2015 – 1ª Etapa)

• Internet: <www.aetherforce.com> (adapted).

Look carefully at M. Escher’s work above.

Based on the mathematical solid shape classification, identify the option where the three solids mentioned are found in the picture.

(A) tetrahedron, pyramid, octahedron

(B) dodecahedron, cube, octahedron

(C) icosahedron, dodecahedron, cylinder

(D) trapezium, tetrahedron, cone

     Comentários e Gabarito   B  
TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA - ELEMENTOS NÃO VERBAIS:

Observe atentamente o trabalho de M. Escher acima. Com base na classificação matemática da forma do sólido, identifique a opção onde os três sólidos mencionados se encontram na figura.

(A) tetrahedron, pyramid, octahedron

tetraedro, pirâmide, octaedro

(B) dodecahedron, cube, octahedron

dodecaedro, cubo, octaedro

(C) icosahedron, dodecahedron, cylinder

icosaedro, dodecaedro, cilindro

(D) trapezium, tetrahedron, cone

trapézio, tetraedro, cone

UNESP–VUNESP–VESTIBULAR–2015.1–2ªFASE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNESP-2015-VESTIBULAR-UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO-1ºSEMESTRE-2ª FASE.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 2 Questions.

• Texto – | What is the uncanny valley? | www.verywellmind.com |

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: UNESP-2016-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-2ªFASE-PROVA DISCURSIVA. Aplicada em 15/12/2014.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: VUNESP - Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista - www.vunesp.com.br, https://www2.unesp.br/

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: It consists of 04 questions.

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT: Leia o texto para responder, em português, às questões de números 01 a 04.

From child hunger to obesity: Brazil's new health scourge

Daniele Bassi

May 19, 2014

Since it was established in 1982, the Brazilian NGO Pastoral da Criança used weight to ascertain whether a child was unhealthy. Recently, that had to change when they started to see more and more obesity in poor communities. "As we started noticing some children were overweight, we had to change our practices entirely," says nutritionist Paula Pizzatto. "Now height and the BMI [body mass index] are also taken into consideration."

When Pastoral da Criança first started its work, malnutrition and lack of basic childcare were the cause of high infant mortality rates – 8.3% in 1980. By engaging and training community leaders to carry out regular visits to local families, the organisation encouraged more breastfeeding and prenatal care. At the same time, the government’s zero hunger programme took millions of Brazilians out of extreme poverty and more than halved the rates of child mortality. According to the World Food Programme, hunger affects only 6.9% of Brazil’s population now. However, these impressive statistics do not mean that most Brazilians are healthy. The last figures released by the health ministry show that 51% of country's population are overweight and one in three children age five to nine is overweight.

A cash transfer scheme called Bolsa Família allowed many who were once excluded from the free market to become consumers. "Parents who were undernourished as children can now put a bottle of Coca-Cola on their tables. It is a matter of status. They feel proud," says Pizzato.

Companies quickly understood there was a market of new consumers to explore. Door-to-door selling of affordable products as well as tailor-made payment options allowed slum dwellers and remote communities to get food without travelling to the supermarket, so processed products became more accessible than fresh fruit and vegetables. Most people in the poorest communities in Brazil are under-educated, making them more vulnerable to advertising. For instance, Nestle’s floating supermarket navigates the Amazon with a powerful market campaign that claims to “offer access to nutrition, health and wellbeing to the remote community of the north region”. But it mainly sells yoghurts, ice cream and chocolate. “Quality of the food is now more of an issue than access to it,” says Arnoldo de Campos, secretary for the National Secretariat for Food and Nutritional Security. “We still have a small fraction of people that don’t have access to food, in isolated rural areas or indigenous communities, but the most serious problem now is obesity.”

Pastoral’s follow-up nutritional programme focuses on the first 1,000 days of life of the infant, including the time he or she is in the womb. Providing healthy nutrition during this first stage of life is essential to prevent both malnutrition and obesity. The programme is still new and has only been introduced in 23 of the 27 Brazilian states. “So far, we have nearly 13,000 children under the nutritional programme,” says Pizzato. “Around 11% are overweight or obese and about 2% are undernourished.” A lack of playgrounds in needy communities and national maternity leave of only four months, which means that babies cannot be breastfed exclusively for the first six months, contributes to the problem. The full results of the nutritional programme haven’t been published yet, but Pastoral is very aware of the challenges that lie ahead. “It is easier to introduce a new feeding habit when dealing with malnutrition, but it is definitely more difficult to correct existing ones, when the entire family is involved,” said Pizzatto.

The government recognises the seriousness of the problem. In 2011, it created the Intersectoral Strategy for Control and Prevention of Obesity, which started, among other things, the promotion of health feeding habits in public schools. But despite all the efforts, combating obesity will be an arduous task. “We have a poorly legislated production system which is addicted to bad-quality food and unregulated advertising practices,” says de Campos. “For instance, the latest Coca-Cola slogan is ‘open happiness’, for a soft drink full of sugar. It is more difficult to tackle obesity than hunger.”

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

01 – (UNESP-2015-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Segundo o texto, que critérios a ONG Pastoral da Criança utiliza atualmente para avaliar a saúde das crianças?

02 – (UNESP-2015-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Segundo o texto, que ações por parte do Governo Federal e da Pastoral da Criança podem ter ajudado a diminuir a taxa de mortalidade infantil?

03 – (UNESP-2015-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Segundo o texto, que estratégias as empresas de produtos alimentícios industrializados usam para atrair os novos consumidores incluídos no mercado pelo programa de transferência de renda Bolsa Família?

04 – (UNESP-2015-VESTIBULAR-FIM DE ANO-DISCURSIVA)

Leia os dois últimos parágrafos e cite quatro fatores que contribuem para o aumento da obesidade infantil.

EFOMM–PS–2015–OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

• PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE-PS-2015.

❑ ESTRUTURA DA PROVA:

• 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1:

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO:

Five stranded snorkellers rescued from tiny island off Australia after their huge SOS message was spotted by helicopter.

Cinco mergulhadores encalhados foram resgatados de uma pequena ilha ao largo da Austrália depois de a sua enorme mensagem de SOS ter sido detectada por um helicóptero.

   

Five snorkellers stranded on a tiny island off the east coast of Australia have been rescued after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank.

Cinco mergulhadores encalhados numa pequena ilha ao largo da costa leste da Austrália foram resgatados depois de terem rabiscado uma mensagem SOS gigante num banco de areia próximo.

The group had been stuck out at sea for more than nine hours after their boat's anchor failed and it drifted away.

O grupo ficou preso no mar durante mais de nove horas, depois de a âncora do barco ter falhado e este ter ficado à deriva.

They had been swimming around a remote sandbar near Wigton Island, Queensland, when the vessel started shifting - with their mobile phones, clothes, water and sunscreen all still on board – and it had moved beyond reach before they had time to react.

Estavam nadando à volta de um banco de areia remoto perto da ilha de Wigton, em Queensland, quando a embarcação começou a deslocar-se - com os telemóveis, a roupa, a água e o protetor solar ainda a bordo - e ficou fora de alcance antes de terem tempo de reagir.

Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday, Lyn Forbes-Smith described how she, a female friend and three male friends were facing the prospect of a long, cold night surrounded by ocean when they finally spotted an approaching rescue helicopter.

Falando ontem ao Courier-Mail sobre a provação, Lyn Forbes-Smith descreveu como ela, uma amiga e três amigos estavam a enfrentar a perspetiva de uma noite longa e fria rodeados pelo oceano quando finalmente avistaram um helicóptero de salvamento que se aproximava.

"We had sort of made plans about what we'd do on the rock for the evening," she said.

"Tínhamos feito planos sobre o que iríamos fazer no rochedo durante a noite", disse ela.

"We had reef walkers on thankfully, but we had no food, water, cream, no hats, not much at all. We just looked for the highest ground, we looked for rocks where five of us could huddle together because we didn’t really want to separate, and we wanted to be out of the wind as best as possible."

"Felizmente, tínhamos camas de recife, mas não tínhamos comida, água, cremes, chapéus, nada de especial. Procurámos apenas o terreno mais alto, procuramos rochas onde cinco de nós pudéssemos amontoar-nos porque não queríamos separar-nos e queríamos estar o mais longe possível do vento."

Ms Forbes-Smith explained that they were concerned the sandbar – and their message – would go under with the tide, but that they were “reasonably confident” someone would come looking when friends realised they had not returned.

A Sra. Forbes-Smith explicou que estavam preocupados com o facto de o banco de areia - e a sua mensagem - se afundar com a maré, mas que estavam "razoavelmente confiantes" de que alguém viria procurar quando os amigos se apercebessem de que não tinham regressado.

The group had set off from Keswick Island towards Wigton Island at around 8am for the snorkelling trip, and it was around 5pm when they first saw signs of help approaching.

O grupo tinha partido da ilha de Keswick em direção à ilha de Wigton por volta das 8h00 para a viagem de mergulho e foi por volta das 17h00 que viram pela primeira vez sinais de ajuda aproximando-se.

Another member of the group, Craig Gilbert, told ABC News of their joy at spotting an RACQ rescue helicopter.

Outro membro do grupo, Craig Gilbert, contou à ABC News a sua alegria ao avistar um helicóptero de salvamento da RACQ.

"We saw the helicopter and we thought, 'Oh, you beauty' - and then it disappeared and we thought, 'Oh no - we better look out for our beds for the night' - then it came back probably 20 minutes later,” he said.

"Vimos o helicóptero e pensamos: 'Oh, beleza' - e depois desapareceu e pensamos: 'Oh não - é melhor procurarmos as nossas camas para passar a noite' - e depois voltou provavelmente 20 minutos depois", disse.

Rescue helicopter crew member Damien Kross said the five were treated for sunburn and dehydration, but were otherwise “fine”.

Damien Kross, membro da tripulação do helicóptero de resgate, disse que os cinco foram tratados por queimaduras solares e desidratação, mas que estavam "bem".

"They were a little bit dehydrated but we winched them to safety and brought them back here [to Mackay on the mainland] for just to have a quick medical attention and they were all fine."

"Eles estavam um pouco desidratados, mas içámo-los para um local seguro e trouxemo-los para aqui [para Mackay, no continente] para receberem uma rápida assistência médica e ficaram todos bem."

(Adapted from The Independent/Friday 11 July 2014)

01 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) What is the text mainly about?

(A) Five snorkellers who were overboard in the vicinity of the east coast of Australia.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.
(C) A rescue chopper near Queensland.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted  by a windlass.
(E) Castaways who were in mourning.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

What is the text mainly about?

Sobre o que trata principalmente o texto?

(A) Five snorkellers who were overboard in the vicinity of the east coast of Australia.

>>INCORRETA: Cinco mergulhadores que estavam ao mar nas proximidades da costa leste da Austrália.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.

>>CORRETA: O resgate de cinco mergulhadores com destino à Ilha Wigton.

• […] Five stranded snorkellers rescued from tiny island off Australia after their huge SOS message was spotted by helicopter."
• Cinco mergulhadores encalhados resgatados de uma pequena ilha na Austrália depois que sua mensagem SOS gigante foi detectada por um helicóptero.
• STRANDED /ˈstræn.dɪd/ (preso, abandonado, encalhado) - unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having any transport or money.
• If the tide comes in, we'll be stranded on these rocks.
• Se a maré subir, ficaremos presos nestas rochas.
• RETRIEVALˈ/rɪˈtrivəl/ (resgate)
• The retrieval of bodies from the wreckage.
• O resgate de corpos dos destroços.
• SNORKELLER /ˈsnɔːkələ / (mergulhador) = uma pessoa que usa snorkel ou pratica mergulho com snorkel.(www.collinsdictionary.com)
• A world-class snorkeller,
• Uma mergulhadora de classe mundial

(C) A rescue chopper near Queensland.

>>INCORRETA: Um helicóptero de resgate perto de Queensland.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.

>>INCORRETA: Cinco mergulhadores que foram içados por um molinete.

• TO HOISTˈ/hɔɪst/(levantar, içar) - levantar algo pesado, às vezes usando cordas ou uma máquina.
• As night falls, a crane hoists a black car out of the lake. (www.collinsdictionary.com)
• Ao cair da noite, um guindaste iça um carro preto para fora do lago.

(E) Castaways who were in mourning.

>>INCORRETA: Náufragos que estavam de luto.

• CASTAWAYˈ/ˈkæs.tə.weɪ/ (levantar, içar) - uma pessoa que escapou de um navio que afundou.
• From there they organized a mission to retrieve the other two castaways. (www.collinsdictionary.com)
• A partir daí eles organizaram uma missão para resgatar os outros dois náufragos.

02 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

In:

• "(...) after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank (...)" (line 2-4),

the underlined word is closest in meaning to:

(A) reef
(B) debris 
(C) shoal
(D) derelict
(E) seabed

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In: "(...) after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank (...)" (line 2-4), the underlined word is closest in meaning to:

Em: "(...) depois de rabiscar uma mensagem SOS gigante em um banco de areia próximo (...)" (linha 2-4), a palavra sublinhada tem o significado mais próximo de:

(A) reef /riːf/ recife

• a coral reef (um recife de coral)
• a dangerous offshore reef (um recife perigoso na costa)

(B) debris /dəˈbriː/ destroços, escombros, entulho

• DEBRIS (Uncountable Noun) = broken or torn pieces of something larger. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
• Debris from the aircraft. (Destroços da aeronave)

(C) shoal /ʃoʊl/ baixio, banco de areia.

• SHOAL (noun) = a raised area of sand or rocks under the surface of the water.  (dictionary.cambridge.org)
• The boat grounded on a shoal.
• O barco encalhou em um banco de areia.

(D) derelict /ˈdɛrəlɪkt/ abandonado

• DERELICT (adjective) = (of land or buildings) unused and not in good condition. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
• The theatre has been left to lie derelict.
• O teatro foi abandonado.

(E) seabed /ˈsiː.bed// solo oceânico, fundo do mar.

• SEABED (noun) = (of land or buildings) unused and not in good condition. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
• The ship has been lying on the seabed for more than 50 years.
• O navio está no fundo do mar há mais de 50 anos.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

(Fonte: https://www.merriam-webster.com): 

03 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)

In :

• "(...) Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday (...)" (line 14-15),

the word in bold  means:

(A) a risible story

(B) a trying experience
(C) a petty detail
(D) a remarkable situation
(E) a fuzzy plan of action

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In : "(...) Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday (...)" (line 14-15), the word in bold  means:

Em: "(...) Falando ao Courier-Mail sobre o calvário de ontem (...)" (linha 14-15), a palavra em negrito significa:  

(A) a risible story ma história risível

(B) a trying experience uma experiência difícil

• TRYING (adjective) → extremamente irritante, difícil. (Collins Dictionary)
• a trying day (um dia difícil)
• a trying experience (uma experiência difícil).

(C) a petty detail um pequeno detalhe
(D) a remarkable situation uma situação notável
(E) a fuzzy plan of action um plano de ação confuso

04 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the sequence that correctly completes the sentences below.

1 - The UK ____ less than 2% of its gas from Russia.

2 - Several agreements ____to try to reduce water pollution.

3 - Some political measures ____ for many years.

4 - You should take a coat and an umbrella. I heard the weather _____later.

5 - Thousands of people ____ every year in storms and hurricanes.

6 - Climate change ____ the weather all over the  world.

(A) gets – have been made – won't be understood - will change – are killed – is affecting

(B) is got – have being made – will understand -  will be changed – kill – is being affected
(C) gets -  is made – won't be understood –  is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got -  are made – will understand –  will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made –  won't be understood – will change –  are killed – is affected

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - TEMPOS VERBAIS:

1 - The UK gets less than 2% of its gas from Russia.

• Present Simple → GETS.

2 - Several agreements have been made to try to reduce water pollution.

• Present Perfect in Passive Voice → HAVE BEEN MADE.

3 - Some political measures won't be understood for many years.

• Future in Passive Voice → WON'T BE UNDERSTOOD.

4 - You should take a coat and an umbrella. I heard the weather will change later.

• Future Simple → WILL CHANGE.

5 - Thousands of people are killed every year in storms and hurricanes.

• Present in Passive Voice → ARE KILLED.

6 - Climate change is affecting the weather all over the  world.

• Present Continuous → IS AFFECTING.

(A) gets – have been made – won't be understood - will change – are killed – is affecting

(B) is got – have being made – will understand -  will be changed – kill – is being affected
(C) gets -  is made – won't be understood –  is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got -  are made – will understand –  will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made –  won't be understood – will change –  are killed – is affected

05 – (EFOMM-PS2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence.

•  “A ______ person has 'common sense', and does not make stupid decisions.”

(A) bored

(B) mischievous
(C) clumsy
(D) jealous
(E) sensible

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO CONTEXTUAL:

• “A sensible person has 'common sense', and does not make stupid decisions.”
• Uma pessoa sensata tem “bom senso” e não toma decisões estúpidas.

(A) bored aborrecida

(B) mischievous traquina
(C) clumsy desajeitada
(D) jealous ciumenta
(E) sensible sensata

06 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sentence is correct?

(A) The news today are very bad.
(B) The aircraft are being refuelled.
(C) The staff is on strike.
(D) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(E) He picked up the dice and threw them again.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

0X – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sequence completes the text below?

• "I cannot understand why the Spring is so late ___ coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat ___ the window and looked ___   ___ this cold white garden; "I hope there will be a change  ___ the weather."

(Adapted from The Selfish Giant  by Oscar Wilde)

(A) in – at – out – in – of
(B) in – on – at – out – in
(C) for – by – out – on – of
(D) in – at – out – at – in
(E) for – by – at – out – in

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - PREPOSITION VERBS, COLLOCATIONS:

>>1ª LACUNA:

• "IN" é parte integrante da estrutura "in coming"(em chegar).
• "I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming,"
• Não consigo entender por que a primavera está tão atrasada em chegar.

>>2ª LACUNA:

• Usamos AT antes de locais específicos (at the window).
• "as he sat at the window"
• enquanto ele se sentava na janela.

>>3ª LACUNA:

• "out" é parte do preposition verb "to look out" (olhar fora)
• "as he sat at the window and looked out at this cold white garden"
• enquanto ele se sentava na janela e olhava fora para este jardim branco frio.

>>4ª LACUNA:

• "AT" é parte integrante da verbo dinâmico "to look at something"(olhar para algo).
• "as he sat at the window and looked out at this cold white garden"
• enquanto ele se sentava na janela e olhava fora para este jardim branco frio.

>>5ª LACUNA:

• "IN" que é parte integrante da estrutura nominal "a change in something"(Uma mudança em algo).
• "I hope there will be a change in the weather."
• Espero que haja uma mudança no clima.

05 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sequence completes the sentences below?

1- Susan __ down and closed her eyes.

2- The boss __ the papers on the table.

3- Don't __ in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

4- The lake __ beyond this hill.

(A) laid - laid - lay - lies
(B) laid - lay - lay - lies
(C) lay - laid - lie - lies
(D) laid - lay - lie - lays
(E) lay - lay - lie - lays

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - LAY vs LIE :

>>1ª LACUNA:

• Susan lay down and closed her eyes. (simple past, lay)
• Susan deitou-se e fechou os olhos.
• CONTEXTO → DEITAR → TO LIE (lie, lay , lain, lying), um verbo seguido por "advérbio" (down, here) ou "preposição" (in, on).
• (simple past, lay)

>>OUTRO EXEMPLO:

• When you're lying here in my arms.(www.letras.mus.br)
• Quando você está deitada aqui em meus braços.

>>2ª LACUNA:

• The boss laid the papers on the table.(simple past, laid)
• O patrão colocou os papéis sobre a mesa.
• CONTEXTO → COLOCAR, PÔR → TO LAY (lay. laid, laid, laying), é um verbo  seguido por "noun phrase" (the papers).

>>OUTROS EXEMPLOS:

• The housekeeper saw the birds laying eggs.
• A governanta viu os pássaros botando ovos.
• So lay your cards down, down, down, down. (www.letras.mus.br/beyonce/texas-hold-em)
• Então, 'baixe seu jogo", baixe, baixe, baixe.

>>3ª LACUNA:

• Don't lie in bed all day. Get up and do some work.(imperativo, lie)
• Não fique deitado na cama o dia todo. Levante-se e faça algum trabalho.
• CONTEXTO → DEITAR → TO LIE (lie, lay , lain, lying), um verbo seguido por "advérbio" (down, here) ou "preposição" (in, on).

>>4ª LACUNA:

• The lake lies beyond this hill.
• O lago fica além desta colina.
• CONTEXTO → LOCALIZAR-SE → TO LIE (lie, lay , lain, lying), quando seguido pelo "advérbio" (beyond) na forma 3ª pessoa do singular e no simple present .

>> SUMMARY CHART:

(Fonte: www.vocabulary.cl): 

06 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sentence is grammatically correct?

(A) I think I would enjoy a city life.
(B) You've made a very good progress.
(C) We are having a terrible weather.
(D) A child needs plenty of love.
(E) What a nonsense!

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

(A) I think I would enjoy a city life.

• The correct phrase is "enjoy city life" - it's the standard way to say you like living in a city; "city life" is considered a noun phrase, so you "enjoy" the whole experience of living in a city, not just "a city life.".

(B) You've made a very good progress.

• We don't need the "a" before "very good progress".

(C) We are having a terrible weather.

• The correct phrase is "terrible weather". The phrase "a terrible weather" is incorrect because "weather" is an uncountable noun, and indefinite articles like "a" are not used before uncountable nouns.

(D) A child needs plenty of love.

• CORRETA, "a child" exige verbo na 3ªps (needs).

(E) What a nonsense!

• "What nonsense!" or "It's nonsense" is an expression used to describe something that is silly, foolish, or untrue.

07 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the correct alternative.

(A) He explained it all carefully, but I was not the wiser.

(B) My grandmother can run twice faster than you.
(C) I spent more money than it was sensible yesterday.
(D) There were more people at the meeting than we had expected them.
(E) She was the first woman to climb that mountain solo.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

08 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sequence completes the text below?

• "I cannot understand why the Spring is so late _______ coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat _______ the window and looked ________ ______ this cold white garden; "I hope there will be a change ______ the weather."

(Adapted from The Selfish Giant by Oscar Wilde)

( a ) in – at – out – in – of

( b ) in – on – at – out – in

( c ) for – by – out – on – of

( d ) in – at – out – at – in

( e ) for – by – at – out – in

09 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Complete the sentences with too many, too much or enough. Then, choose the correct alternative.

1 - I've been to rather _____ parties recently.

2 - You're spending far _____ time on your computer.

3 - Stop. You're  asking me _____ questions.

4 - Help! I've got _____ luggage.

5 – Oh, sorry, I didn't call you.  I didn't have _____ time.

(A) too many – too much – too many– too much -  enough

(B) too much – enough – too many – too much – too much
(C) enough –  enough – too much - enough –  too many
(D) too many – too much – enough – too much – enough
(E) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

0x – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sentence IS NOT correct?

(A) She went and got him from the station.
(B) I am going to try and eat something.
(C) Be sure and ask Uncle Sam about the vegetables.
(D) She tried and ate something, but she couldn’t manage.
(E) Hurry up and open the door.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

09 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which verb form can complete the sentence correctly?

• "If we ________ by lunchtime, we had better hurry."

(A) get there
(B) will get there
(C) would get there
(D) are to get there
(E) could get there

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

10 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the alternative with the verbs that correctly complete the sentences below.

1 - If I were you, I _____ him the truth.

2 - If I had been in your place, I _____ this.

3 - If I knew her name, I  ____  you.

4 - If  I  hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports   car now.

5 - If it rains next Sunday, I _____  home.

(A) tell - wouldn't say - will tell - will buy - will stay
(B) told - would say - would tell - would buy - would have stayed
(C) would tell - wouldn't have said - should tell - wouldn’t buy - will stay
(D) will tell - would have said - had told - buy - would stay
(E) would have told - wouldn't have said - should tell – am buying - will stay

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

11 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sentence is grammatically correct?

( a ) I think I would enjoy a city life.

( b ) You’ve made a very good progress.

( c ) We are having a terrible weather.

( d ) A child needs plenty of love.

( e ) What a nonsense! 

      Comentários e Gabarito       
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

11 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which conjunction correctly completes the sentence?

• "________ he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister."

(A) Because

(B) Even though
(C) Provided that
(D) So
(E) Thus

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

12 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the alternative where the pronoun can correctly be omitted.

(A) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy.

(B) Have you read the letter which I sent you?
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me the book was the librarian.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

13 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the alternative that correctly shows the comparative form of the adjectives below.

"far - good – bad – easy - old"

(A) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
(B) farther - better – worse – easiest - older
(C) further - better – worse – easier – elder
(D) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
(E) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest

 👍   Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - ADJECTIVES - THE COMPARATIVE FORM - Adjetivos Irregulares: 

➭ FAR (Base Form)  – Further (Comparative Form) ou Farther (Comparative Form).

➭ GOOD (Base Form)  – Better (Comparative Form).

➭ BAD (Base Form)  – Worse (Comparative Form).

➭ EASY (Base Form)  – Easier (Comparative Form).  

➭ OLD (Base Form)  – Older (Comparative Form) ou Elder (Comparative Form).

14 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Read an extract of a news report and decide which verb correctly completes the sentences.  Then, choose the correct alternative.

• “Drivers on a Chinese motorway in Sichuan had to stop suddenly because an ostrich _____ along the road.  It _____ to belong to a Mr Liu, or Meishan, who _____ that the ostrich ______ away when he ______ it.”

(A) ran - was turning out - was explaining - ran - fed

(B) was running - turned out - explained - was running - was feeding
(C) was running - turned out - explained - ran - was feeding
(D) ran - turned out - was explaining - was running - was feeding
(E) ran - was turning out - explained - was running - fed

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

15 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences below.

1 - She ____ be married, she isn't old enough.

2 - Listen, children, you ____ finish the essay now  if you don't want to.

3 - The neighbors ______ be at home, I saw the  light on in their bedroom.

4 - You ___ take a taxi.  There's a good bus service.

5 -  Look at that sign.  You _____ park here.

(A) can- have to – can't  - ought to – shouldn't

(B) can't – should – don't have to – shouldn't – mustn't
(C) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should – don't have to
(D) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed to
(E) must – can't – have to – mustn't –  don't have to

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

16 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which verb form can complete the sentence correctly?

• “If we _______________ by lunchtime, we had better hurry.”

( a ) get there

( b ) will get there

( c ) would get there

( d ) are to get there

( e ) could get there

 

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

17 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sequence completes the sentences below?

1- Susan ___________ down and closed her eyes.

2- The boss ____________ the papers on the table.

3- Don’t _____________ in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

4- The lake ___________ beyond this hill.

( a ) laid – laid – lay – lies

( b ) laid – lay – lay – lies

( c ) lay – laid – lie – lies

( d ) laid – lay – lie – lays

( e ) lay – lay – lie – lays

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - LAY (lay, laid, laid) vs LIE (lie, lay, lain):

1- Susan lay down and closed her eyes.

• lay ("to lie" followed by a preposition: down)
• past (because of verb "closed")

2- The boss laid the papers on the table.

• laid (direct object: the papers)
• Remember that any tense of the transitive verb (to lay) must take a direct object.

3- Don’t lie in bed all day. Get up and do some work.

• lay ("to lie" followed by a preposition phrase: in bed)
• base form (imperative form)

4- The lake lies beyond this hill.

• lies ("to lie" followed by a preposition phrase: beyond this hill)
• present simple and subject-verb agreement.

18 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which conjunction correctly completes the sentence?

• “_________________ he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister.”

( a ) Because

( b ) Even though

( c ) Provided that

( d ) So

( e ) Thus

18 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Which sentence IS NOT correct?

( a ) She went and got him from the station.

( b ) I am going to try and eat something.

( c ) Be sure and ask Uncle Sam about the vegetables.

( d ) She tried and ate something, but she couldn’t manage.

( e ) Hurry up and open the door. 

20 – (EFOMM-PS-2015-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Choose the verb that DOES NOT complete the sentence correctly.

• “The committee has _________ a meeting to discuss the president's death.”

(A) arranged
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Choose the verb that DOES NOT complete the sentence correctly.

• “The committee has _________ a meeting to discuss the president's death.”

(A) arranged
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called